課下天天練(六)閱讀語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用組合練

課下天天練(六)閱讀語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用組合練姓名________班級(jí)________考號(hào)________時(shí)間：45分鐘Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2022·長(zhǎng)春市高三模擬]ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonievanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1,600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大鏡)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”．Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethis_legacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ithoughtitwasmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificmunitymightbeinformed.”1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A．Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B．Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneeringstudiesofmicrobes.C．Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D．Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.2．Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inParagraph3refersto________.A．thediscoveryofmicrobesB．Pasteur'stheoryofdiseaseC．Leeuwenhoek'scontributionD．theoriginofthetinyorganism3．WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?A．Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B．Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C．Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.D．Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.4．Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a．Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b．The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c．Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwater.d．Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e．Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A．a(chǎn)-d-c-e-b.B．d-a-c-e-b.C．a(chǎn)-c-d-b-e.D．d-a-e-b-c.B[2022·唐山市二模]A293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探測(cè)器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet'sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth's—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy's12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”．Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itsplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy'sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof，”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe'lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(樣本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5．WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A．Thespeedreduction.B．Theatmosphereanalysis.C．Thelocationsearch.D．Thetimemanagement.6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B．Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C．Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”．D．Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.7．Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A．Thespot.B．Thearea.C．Thesystem.D．Thesurface.8．WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?A．Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B．Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C．ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D．SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.七選五[2022·煙臺(tái)市診斷性測(cè)試]EarthHourisorganizedbytheWorldWideFundforNature.It'sabigeventusuallyattheendofMarcheveryyear.Onthisevening,people“godark”.[1]It'struethatturningofflightsforjustonehoursavesonlyasmallamountofpower.[2]Ononelevel,joininginEarthHourmakespeoplethinkabouttheproblemofclimatechangeandwhatwecandoineverydaylifetoprotectnature.Butonanotherlevel,alargenumberofpeople'sactingtogethersendsapowerfulmessagetogovernmentsandpanies.[3]Theybeginconsideringgreenissueswhenmakingbigdecisions.Thelogo(標(biāo)識(shí))ofEarthHouris“60＋”.Thenumber60isforthe60minutesofEarthHour.[4]Infact,peoplewhojoininEarthHoursaythattakingpartmakesthemwanttodomorefortheenvironment.[5]Musiciansgiveconcertsbyplayingacoustic(原聲的)instrumentsinsteadofelectricones,andusingcandlesinsteadofelectriclights.Celebritychefshavecreatedspecialrecipesforfamiliestoprepareandeatbycandlelight.Tree-plantingsessions,groupwalksandrunsarealsoamongtheoptions.A．Butthisisonlythebeginning.B．EarthHourrepresentseveryhourofeveryday.C．Afterall,everyonehastoanswerforwhattheyhavedone.D．Besidesturningoffthelights,peoplegetinvolvedinotherevents.E．Itpushesthemtotakeurgentmeasuresbymakingchangestopolicies.F．Thatis,theyswitchoffallunnecessarylightsatthesametimeforonehour.G．TheplusinvitespeopletocontinuetheiractionevenafterEarthHourisfinished.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·南京市高三模擬考試]FatimagrewupinruralGhorProvince,wheretherewasnoschoolingavailabletogirls.Butsheinsistedonlisteningtoradio,whichshecould[1]whenhighenoughinthehills.“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried.IdecidedthatIwouldnotcontinueintheir[2].ThatwaswhyIdecidedto[3]，”Fatimasays.Shejoinedsocialmediagroupsforhistoryfans.[4]ofpeoplewhoonlyrelatedAfghanistantoconflicts,Fatimastartedwriting[5]aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout.Fatimastartedgetting[6]fromonlinefriends.Amanreachedouttohersayinghewasgoingto[7]inAfghanistanandaskingwhethershewasinterestedinshowinghimaroundinHerat.Shesaidyes.Later,heremendedhertosomeoneelseand[8]Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency.Thepany[9]herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry'sfirstfemale[10]tourguide.Ofcourse,beinga[11]isnevereasy.Fatimasaysmanypeoplehavetoldherthatit'stoodangerousforawomantowork,especiallyifitmeans[12]withmenone-on-one.Fatimasaysthatthe[13]ofheremployersandthepeopleshehasmetthroughgivingtoursiswhatkeepsher[14].There'salsotheimplication(暗示)ofwhatcouldhappenifshedoes[15].“IfIgiveup,thenotherwomenwillneverstart.”1．A.takeupB．pickupC．turnupD．buildup2．A.traditionB．choiceC．lifeD．business3．A.workB．liveC．studyD．travel4．A.AfraidB．ConvincedC．CertainD．Tired5．A.postsB．lettersC．novelsD．speeches6．A.responsesB．donationC．lessonsD．guidance7．A.teachB．setC．travelD．serve8．A.similarlyB．obviouslyC．hopefullyD．eventually9．A.promotedB．instructedC．hiredD．trained10．A.intelligentB．devotedC．efficientD．professional11．A.researcherB．pioneerC．specialistD．celebrity12．A.playingB．interactingC．exploringD．cooperating13．A.supportB．patienceC．protectionD．contribution14．A.refreshedB．recognizedC．informedD．motivated15．A.relaxB．skipC．quitD．insistⅣ.語(yǔ)法填空[2022·?？谑姓{(diào)研考試]AfewweeksagoIwasoutwithmyfamilyattheopeningofanewplaygrou