2025屆新高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意題

2025屆新高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解主旨大意題

要求考生能讀懂書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。課標(biāo)要求閱讀理解選材多源于英文報(bào)刊和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，包括名人軼事、歷史傳說(shuō)、民間故事、寓言、幽默小品、日常生活、新聞報(bào)道、社會(huì)背景、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、史地常識(shí)、科普文章等各個(gè)方面的知識(shí)，并且具有鮮明的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化特點(diǎn)和濃厚的時(shí)代氣息。閱讀材料可以是敘述、描寫、應(yīng)用、說(shuō)明、議論等文體皆備閱讀選題*閱讀理解的詞匯量保持在3500個(gè)左右，讀速大約每分鐘60-70個(gè)單詞。也就是說(shuō)高考中的每篇文章要在6-8分鐘完成。

*高考的文章大約有3％左右的生詞，須根據(jù)上下文或整篇文章才能做出推斷。同時(shí)也檢測(cè)考生利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義的能力。對(duì)學(xué)生的要求主旨大意細(xì)節(jié)理解猜測(cè)詞義推理判斷常見(jiàn)題型閱讀理解的考題分為客觀理解題(是指在短文中客觀存在的事實(shí)，客觀信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具體事實(shí)或抽象概念)和主觀理解題(這類問(wèn)題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，須通過(guò)閱讀文章對(duì)文章主旨和深層含義有更深理解，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行判斷和推理)。其中細(xì)節(jié)理解題和猜測(cè)詞義題屬于客觀題；主旨大意題和推理判斷題屬于主觀題。一般主旨大意題可以分為1標(biāo)題類2文章主旨3段落主旨主旨大意題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：1)

The

best

title/

headline

for

this

passage

might

be________.

2)

The

text

(passage)

could

be

entitled

______.

3)

What

is

the

best

title

for

the

passage?

4)

What’s

the

topic

of

the

article?

標(biāo)題類標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來(lái)高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語(yǔ)，也可以是句子。要確定文章標(biāo)題，首先，要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，考慮標(biāo)題是否與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容。不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；然后，要注意標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太小；最后，標(biāo)題應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)練并能吸引讀者。即:1、獨(dú)特新穎

2、概括性強(qiáng)

3、短小精煉。In

the

1930s,

a

lot

of

people

in

the

USA

were

out

of

work.

Among

these

people

was

a

man

named

Alfred

Butts.

He

always

had

an

interest

in

word

games

and

to

fill

his

time,

he

planned

a

game

which

he

called

“Lexico”.

However,

he

was

not

completely

satisfied

with

the

game,

so

he

made

a

number

of

changes

to

it

and

changed

its

name

from

“

Lexico”

to

“Alph”

and

then

to

“Criss

Cross”.

He

wanted

to

make

some

money

from

his

new

game

but

he

didn’t

have

any

real

commercial(商業(yè)性的)success.

Q:

The

text

is

mainly

about________.

A.

Lexico

B.

Three

men

C

.

A

word

game

D.

Alfred

Butts.

練習(xí)常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式1)

What

is

the

topic

sentence

of

the

passage?

2)

This

article/text/passage

mainly

tells

that

____.

3)

Which

of

the

following

gives

a

general

idea

of

the

passage?

4)

Which

of

the

following

is

the

main

idea

of

the

passage?主題句及主旨大意的概括一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題。這個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題通常用一個(gè)句子來(lái)概括。此句叫做主題句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開(kāi)頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時(shí)不能在文中直接找到主題句，要求讀者把握每段的主題句，弄清段于段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必須能簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋,說(shuō)明,論證或擴(kuò)展.解題技巧Joshua

Bingham

studied

4

years

at

the

University

of

Paris

and

decided

to

leave

his

graduation.

He

transferred

to

the

University

of

Berlin

and

graduated

with

honors.

Harvard

Law

School

and,

later,

Boston

College

provided

him

with

an

excellent

legal

background.

He

is

presently

a

corporation

lawyer

in

Miami,

Florida.

Q:

What

is

the

main

idea

of

the

passage?

A.

How

Joshua

Bingham

became

a

lawyer.

B.

Bingham

is

a

diligent

student.

C.

Joshua

Bingham

received

an

excellent

education.

D.

A

good

lawyer

needs

good

education.

練習(xí)根據(jù)文體尋找：一)記敘文:文中一般沒(méi)有明顯的題句夾敘夾議文:主題句常在議論中說(shuō)明文:一般在首段議論文:一般為總分總模式,即主題句（作 者的觀點(diǎn)）常在首段或末段（作 者觀點(diǎn)的重申）。當(dāng)然，由于寫 作需要，主題句偶爾也可在一段 文章中間。尋找主題句的方法(二)文中出現(xiàn)的連詞（轉(zhuǎn)折but/however，因果so/therefore，或一些常見(jiàn)但在文章中間出現(xiàn)有一定目的的詞（infact,thestudyshowsthat…,forexample,inshort）,這些詞后面所闡述的往往就是主題句。(三)有的文章無(wú)明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要讀者對(duì)每段文章的段意進(jìn)行歸納，在段落大意的基礎(chǔ)上再進(jìn)一步加工概括了。(四)首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí),對(duì)該問(wèn)題的解答就是文章主旨.(五)關(guān)注高頻詞(常為名詞)推敲選項(xiàng)正誤的5個(gè)小竅門:⑴根據(jù)第一步尋找主題句,找出關(guān)鍵詞,與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行匹配,選出最合適恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢涪普_選項(xiàng)常含有概括性的詞語(yǔ)⑶正確選項(xiàng)一般不含絕對(duì)意義的詞⑷正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)能概括全文,內(nèi)容全面,含義深刻或說(shuō)明道理干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):⑴概括范圍太窄,常為文中具體信息或某個(gè)段落大意⑵概括范圍太寬,所表達(dá)內(nèi)容常超出文章闡述的內(nèi)容⑶無(wú)關(guān)信息:即文中未提到或找不到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)的信息,但看起來(lái)又是對(duì)的.標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn):簡(jiǎn)練,全面,范圍合理,常為名詞.忌:范圍太大,過(guò)于籠統(tǒng),

范圍太小(常用文中細(xì)節(jié)或某段段落大意來(lái)混淆).標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.找主題句1Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.找主題句2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.找主題句3練習(xí)1Ontheotherhand,ifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditem,theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.Then,whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?Inthefirstcase,wherewedon'ttelltheclerk,acoupleofthingswouldhappen.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.ImportanceofPeacefulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions在做主旨題時(shí)，我們要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，注意段首，段尾。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，文章的第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的體現(xiàn)處,有時(shí)段首或段尾的話就是該文章的中心思想。第二，特別關(guān)注結(jié)論性或者轉(zhuǎn)折性的語(yǔ)言。這些表達(dá)方式有：therefore,asaresult,thus,so,forexample,infact,moreover,furthermore,what’smore,mosti