目的論視角下英文紀(jì)錄片的字幕翻譯以《恒河》為例

目的論視角下英文紀(jì)錄片的字幕翻譯以《恒河》為例一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在探討目的論視角下英文紀(jì)錄片的字幕翻譯問題，并以《恒河》為例進行深入分析。隨著全球化的推進和國際交流的日益頻繁，紀(jì)錄片作為一種重要的視聽媒介，在傳播文化、歷史和科學(xué)知識等方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。而字幕翻譯作為紀(jì)錄片傳播的重要環(huán)節(jié)，對于幫助觀眾理解和接受異國文化具有重要意義。ThisarticleaimstoexploretheissueofsubtitletranslationinEnglishdocumentariesfromtheperspectiveofteleology,andtoconductanin-depthanalysisusing"Ganges"asanexample.Withtheadvancementofglobalizationandtheincreasingfrequencyofinternationalexchanges,documentaries,asanimportantaudio-visualmedium,playanirreplaceableroleindisseminatingcultural,historical,andscientificknowledge.Asanimportantpartofdocumentarydissemination,subtitletranslationisofgreatsignificanceinhelpingaudiencesunderstandandacceptforeigncultures.本文將從目的論的角度出發(fā)，探討字幕翻譯的原則和方法。目的論是一種翻譯理論，強調(diào)翻譯應(yīng)以實現(xiàn)特定目的為導(dǎo)向，而非僅僅追求語言之間的對等。在紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯中，目的論的應(yīng)用有助于我們更好地理解翻譯的目的和受眾需求，從而制定更加合適的翻譯策略。Thisarticlewillexploretheprinciplesandmethodsofsubtitletranslationfromtheperspectiveofteleology.Skopostheoryisatranslationtheorythatemphasizesthattranslationshouldbeorientedtowardsachievingspecificpurposes,ratherthanjustpursuingequivalencebetweenlanguages.Indocumentarysubtitletranslation,theapplicationofSkopostheoryhelpsusbetterunderstandthepurposeoftranslationandtheneedsoftheaudience,thusformulatingmoreappropriatetranslationstrategies.通過對《恒河》這一具體案例的分析，本文將展示目的論在紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯中的實際應(yīng)用。我們將從詞匯選擇、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和文化傳遞等方面，分析如何在保證語言準(zhǔn)確性的實現(xiàn)字幕翻譯的目的，即幫助觀眾更好地理解和欣賞紀(jì)錄片內(nèi)容。Throughtheanalysisofthespecificcaseof"Ganges",thisarticlewilldemonstratethepracticalapplicationofSkoposTheoryindocumentarysubtitletranslation.Wewillanalyzehowtoachievethegoalofsubtitletranslationwhileensuringlanguageaccuracy,includingvocabularyselection,sentencestructure,andculturaltransmission,inordertohelpaudiencesbetterunderstandandappreciatedocumentarycontent.本文旨在通過理論分析和案例研究，探討目的論視角下英文紀(jì)錄片的字幕翻譯問題，以期為紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯的實踐提供有益的參考和啟示。ThisarticleaimstoexplorethesubtitletranslationofEnglishdocumentariesfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalismthroughtheoreticalanalysisandcasestudies,inordertoprovideusefulreferenceandinspirationforthepracticeofsubtitletranslationindocumentaries.二、目的論翻譯理論概述AnOverviewofSkoposTheoryinTranslation目的論（Skopostheorie）是20世紀(jì)70年代由德國翻譯理論家漢斯·弗米爾（HansJ.Vermeer）提出的翻譯理論，并由其后來的學(xué)生諾德（Nord）進一步完善。目的論強調(diào)翻譯行為的目的和翻譯結(jié)果的功能，認(rèn)為翻譯是一種有目的的跨語言、跨文化的交際活動，翻譯的方法和策略應(yīng)由譯文的預(yù)期目的或功能決定。SkopostheorieisatranslationtheoryproposedbyGermantranslationtheoristHansJ.Vermeerinthe1970s,furtherrefinedbyhislaterstudentNord.Skopostheoryemphasizesthepurposeoftranslationbehaviorandthefunctionoftranslationresults,believingthattranslationisapurposefulcrosslinguisticandcross-culturalcommunicationactivity,andthemethodsandstrategiesoftranslationshouldbedeterminedbytheexpectedpurposeorfunctionofthetranslation.在目的論中，翻譯被看作是“一種在人類行為范疇內(nèi)的、以原文為基礎(chǔ)的有目的和有結(jié)果的行為”，這一行為必須經(jīng)過協(xié)商來完成。翻譯必須遵循三個法則：目的法則、連貫法則和忠實法則。其中，目的法則是首要法則，它指翻譯應(yīng)能在譯入語情境和文化中，按譯入語接受者期待的方式發(fā)生作用。翻譯行為所要達(dá)到的目的決定整個翻譯行為的過程，即結(jié)果決定方法。連貫法則指譯文必須語內(nèi)連貫，即譯文具有可讀性和可接受性，能夠使接受者理解并在譯入語文化及使用譯文的交際語境中有意義。忠實法則指原文與譯文之間應(yīng)該存在語際連貫一致。這相當(dāng)于其他翻譯理論所謂的忠實于原文，但與原文忠實的程度和形式取決于譯文的目的和譯者對原文的理解。InSkopostheory,translationisseenasapurposefulandresultingactwithinthescopeofhumanbehavior,basedontheoriginaltext,whichmustbecompletedthroughnegotiation.Translationmustfollowthreerules:thepurposerule,thecoherencerule,andthefidelityrule.Amongthem,theprincipleofpurposeistheprimaryprinciple,whichmeansthattranslationshouldbeabletotakeeffectinthetargetlanguagecontextandcultureinthewayexpectedbythetargetlanguagereceiver.Thepurposethattranslationbehavioraimstoachievedeterminestheentireprocessoftranslationbehavior,thatis,theresultdeterminesthemethod.Thecoherencerulestatesthatthetranslationmustbecoherentwithinthelanguage,meaningthatthetranslationhasreadabilityandacceptability,whichcanenabletherecipienttounderstandandhavemeaninginthetargetlanguagecultureandthecommunicativecontextinwhichthetranslationisused.Theprincipleoffidelityreferstotheneedforinterlingualcoherenceandconsistencybetweentheoriginaltextandthetranslatedtext.Thisisequivalenttowhatothertranslationtheoriescallfidelitytotheoriginaltext,butthedegreeandformoffidelitytotheoriginaltextdependonthepurposeofthetranslationandthetranslator'sunderstandingoftheoriginaltext.目的論為紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯提供了新的視角。紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯不僅要傳遞原文的信息，還要考慮到字幕在屏幕上的呈現(xiàn)效果、觀眾的接受能力和觀看體驗等因素。因此，在字幕翻譯過程中，譯者應(yīng)根據(jù)譯文的預(yù)期目的和功能，靈活選擇翻譯方法和策略，以實現(xiàn)最佳的傳播效果。Skopostheoryprovidesanewperspectivefordocumentarysubtitletranslation.Documentarysubtitletranslationnotonlyneedstoconveytheinformationoftheoriginaltext,butalsotakesintoaccountfactorssuchasthepresentationeffectofsubtitlesonthescreen,theaudience'sacceptanceability,andviewingexperience.Therefore,intheprocessofsubtitletranslation,translatorsshouldflexiblychoosetranslationmethodsandstrategiesbasedontheexpectedpurposeandfunctionofthetranslation,inordertoachievethebestdisseminationeffect.以《恒河》為例，這部紀(jì)錄片旨在向觀眾展現(xiàn)恒河流域的自然風(fēng)光、人文歷史和社會現(xiàn)狀。在字幕翻譯過程中，譯者應(yīng)充分考慮到這些因素，采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆g方法和策略，以確保字幕能夠準(zhǔn)確、生動地傳遞原文的信息，同時符合觀眾的閱讀習(xí)慣和審美需求。例如，在處理一些具有文化特色的詞匯時，譯者可以采用解釋性翻譯或意譯的方法，以幫助觀眾更好地理解和接受。在處理一些長句或復(fù)雜句式時，譯者可以采用分譯或重組的方法，以使字幕更加簡潔明了、易于理解。Taking"TheGangesRiver"asanexample,thisdocumentaryaimstoshowcasethenaturalscenery,culturalhistory,andsocialstatusoftheGangesRiverBasintotheaudience.Intheprocessofsubtitletranslation,translatorsshouldfullyconsiderthesefactorsandadoptappropriatetranslationmethodsandstrategiestoensurethatsubtitlescanaccuratelyandvividlyconveytheinformationoftheoriginaltext,whilemeetingthereadinghabitsandaestheticneedsoftheaudience.Forexample,whendealingwithwordswithculturalcharacteristics,translatorscanuseinterpretiveorfreetranslationmethodstohelptheaudiencebetterunderstandandacceptthem.Whendealingwithlongorcomplexsentencestructures,translatorscanusethemethodofsubtitlingorreorganizationtomakethesubtitlesmoreconcise,clear,andeasytounderstand.目的論為紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯提供了重要的理論指導(dǎo)和實踐依據(jù)。在字幕翻譯過程中，譯者應(yīng)以譯文的預(yù)期目的和功能為導(dǎo)向，靈活運用各種翻譯方法和策略，以實現(xiàn)最佳的傳播效果。Skopostheoryprovidesimportanttheoreticalguidanceandpracticalbasisfordocumentarysubtitletranslation.Intheprocessofsubtitletranslation,thetranslatorshouldbeguidedbytheexpectedpurposeandfunctionofthetranslation,andflexiblyapplyvarioustranslationmethodsandstrategiestoachievethebestdisseminationeffect.三、《恒河》紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯的目的與原則Thepurposeandprinciplesofsubtitletranslationforthedocumentary"Ganges"在目的論視角下，翻譯并非簡單的語言轉(zhuǎn)換活動，而是一種具有明確目的性的跨文化交流行為。對于《恒河》這部紀(jì)錄片來說，其字幕翻譯的首要目的便是要確保中文觀眾能夠準(zhǔn)確理解并感受到原片所傳達(dá)的信息與情感。這要求翻譯者不僅要忠實于原文的內(nèi)容，還需考慮到中文觀眾的文化背景、語言習(xí)慣以及觀看體驗，使翻譯后的字幕既保留原片的風(fēng)格和內(nèi)涵，又能為中文觀眾所接受和理解。Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalism,translationisnotasimplelanguagetransferactivity,butacross-culturalcommunicationbehaviorwithclearpurposes.Forthedocumentary"Ganges",theprimarypurposeofsubtitletranslationistoensurethatChineseaudiencescanaccuratelyunderstandandfeeltheinformationandemotionsconveyedbytheoriginalfilm.Thisrequirestranslatorstonotonlybefaithfultothecontentoftheoriginaltext,butalsoconsidertheculturalbackground,languagehabits,andviewingexperienceofChineseaudiences,sothatthetranslatedsubtitlesnotonlyretainthestyleandconnotationoftheoriginalfilm,butalsobeacceptedandunderstoodbyChineseaudiences.準(zhǔn)確性原則：確保翻譯的內(nèi)容與原文保持一致，不添加、不減少、不修改原片中的信息。Accuracyprinciple:Ensurethatthetranslatedcontentisconsistentwiththeoriginaltext,withoutadding,reducing,ormodifyingtheinformationintheoriginalfilm.簡潔性原則：考慮到字幕在屏幕上的呈現(xiàn)時間和觀眾的閱讀速度，翻譯應(yīng)簡潔明了，避免冗長和復(fù)雜的表達(dá)。Theprincipleofconciseness:Consideringthepresentationtimeofsubtitlesonthescreenandthereadingspeedoftheaudience,thetranslationshouldbeconciseandclear,avoidinglengthyandcomplexexpressions.文化適應(yīng)性原則：在翻譯過程中，要考慮到中文觀眾的文化背景和語言習(xí)慣，使翻譯后的字幕更符合中文觀眾的閱讀習(xí)慣和審美需求。Theprincipleofculturaladaptability:Inthetranslationprocess,considerationshouldbegiventotheculturalbackgroundandlanguagehabitsoftheChineseaudience,sothatthetranslatedsubtitlesaremoreinlinewiththereadinghabitsandaestheticneedsoftheChineseaudience.信息傳遞效率原則：在保證準(zhǔn)確性的基礎(chǔ)上，盡可能提高字幕信息傳遞的效率，確保觀眾能夠在有限的時間內(nèi)獲取盡可能多的信息。Theprincipleofinformationtransmissionefficiency:Onthebasisofensuringaccuracy,strivetoimprovetheefficiencyofsubtitleinformationtransmissionasmuchaspossible,ensuringthattheaudiencecanobtainasmuchinformationaspossibleinalimitedtime.在目的論視角下，《恒河》紀(jì)錄片的字幕翻譯應(yīng)以實現(xiàn)跨文化交流為目標(biāo)，遵循準(zhǔn)確性、簡潔性、文化適應(yīng)性和信息傳遞效率等原則，為中文觀眾提供高質(zhì)量的觀看體驗。Fromtheperspectiveofteleology,thesubtitletranslationofthedocumentary"Ganges"shouldaimtoachievecross-culturalcommunication,followingprinciplessuchasaccuracy,conciseness,culturaladaptability,andinformationtransmissionefficiency,andprovidingahigh-qualityviewingexperienceforChineseaudiences.四、《恒河》字幕翻譯策略與技巧TranslationStrategiesandTechniquesforSubtitlesofGanges在目的論視角下，字幕翻譯不僅僅是語言的轉(zhuǎn)換，更是一種跨文化的交流活動。以《恒河》為例，其字幕翻譯策略與技巧主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：Fromtheperspectiveofteleology,subtitletranslationisnotonlyalanguageconversion,butalsoacross-culturalcommunicationactivity.Taking"Ganges"asanexample,itssubtitletranslationstrategiesandtechniquesaremainlyreflectedinthefollowingaspects:《恒河》作為一部紀(jì)錄片，涉及大量的文化元素和背景知識。在翻譯過程中，翻譯者需要充分理解并傳遞這些文化信息，確保觀眾能夠準(zhǔn)確理解并感受到原片的文化內(nèi)涵。同時，為了適應(yīng)不同文化背景的觀眾，翻譯者還需要對部分內(nèi)容進行文化適應(yīng)處理，使之更符合目標(biāo)觀眾的文化習(xí)慣和審美需求。Asadocumentary,Gangesinvolvesalargeamountofculturalelementsandbackgroundknowledge.Inthetranslationprocess,translatorsneedtofullyunderstandandconveytheseculturalinformationtoensurethattheaudiencecanaccuratelyunderstandandfeeltheculturalconnotationsoftheoriginalfilm.Atthesametime,inordertoadapttoaudiencesfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds,translatorsalsoneedtoapplyculturaladaptationtosomeofthecontent,makingitmoreinlinewiththeculturalhabitsandaestheticneedsofthetargetaudience.字幕翻譯受到時間和空間的限制，因此，翻譯者需要采用簡潔明了的語言表達(dá)，避免冗長和復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。在《恒河》的字幕翻譯中，翻譯者通過精煉的詞匯和短句，有效地傳達(dá)了原片的信息，同時保證了字幕的可讀性和觀眾的觀影體驗。Subtitletranslationislimitedbytimeandspace,therefore,translatorsneedtouseconciseandclearlanguagetoavoidlengthyandcomplexsentencestructures.Inthesubtitletranslationof"Ganges",thetranslatoreffectivelyconveyedtheinformationoftheoriginalfilmthroughconcisevocabularyandshortsentences,whileensuringthereadabilityofthesubtitlesandtheaudience'sviewingexperience.紀(jì)錄片往往具有其獨特的風(fēng)格和節(jié)奏，字幕翻譯需要盡可能保留這些特點。在《恒河》的字幕翻譯中，翻譯者通過恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯選擇和句式安排，成功地傳達(dá)了原片的節(jié)奏感和畫面美感，使觀眾能夠更好地沉浸在紀(jì)錄片的世界中。Documentariesoftenhavetheiruniquestyleandrhythm,andsubtitletranslationneedstopreservethesecharacteristicsasmuchaspossible.Inthesubtitletranslationof"Ganges",thetranslatorsuccessfullyconveyedtherhythmandvisualbeautyoftheoriginalfilmthroughappropriatevocabularyselectionandsentencearrangement,allowingtheaudiencetobetterimmersethemselvesintheworldofthedocumentary.紀(jì)錄片中往往包含大量的專有名詞和術(shù)語，這些詞匯的翻譯對于觀眾的理解至關(guān)重要。在《恒河》的字幕翻譯中，翻譯者采用了多種策略來處理這些詞匯，如音譯、意譯、解釋性翻譯等，以確保觀眾能夠準(zhǔn)確理解并記住這些專有名詞和術(shù)語。Documentariesoftencontainalargenumberofproprietarytermsandphrases,andthetranslationofthesewordsiscrucialfortheaudience'sunderstanding.Inthesubtitletranslationof"Ganges",thetranslatoradoptsvariousstrategiestodealwiththesevocabulary,suchastransliteration,freetranslation,explanatorytranslation,etc.,toensurethattheaudiencecanaccuratelyunderstandandremembertheseproprietarytermsandphrases.目的論視角下的《恒河》字幕翻譯策略與技巧體現(xiàn)了翻譯者對原片內(nèi)容的深入理解和靈活處理，同時也展現(xiàn)了翻譯者對目標(biāo)觀眾文化背景和觀影需求的細(xì)致考慮。這些策略與技巧的成功運用，為《恒河》的字幕翻譯提供了有力的保障，也為其他紀(jì)錄片的字幕翻譯提供了有益的借鑒。Thesubtitletranslationstrategiesandtechniquesof"Ganges"fromtheperspectiveofteleologyreflectthetranslator'sdeepunderstandingandflexiblehandlingoftheoriginalcontent,aswellastheircarefulconsiderationofthetargetaudience'sculturalbackgroundandviewingneeds.Thesuccessfulapplicationofthesestrategiesandtechniquesprovidesstrongguaranteesforthesubtitletranslationof"Ganges"andalsoprovidesusefulreferencesforthesubtitletranslationofotherdocumentaries.五、《恒河》字幕翻譯案例分析CaseAnalysisofSubtitleTranslationforGanges《恒河》這部紀(jì)錄片深入探討了印度文化和信仰的核心，通過精美的畫面和深情的敘述，向觀眾展現(xiàn)了恒河流域人們的生活、信仰和習(xí)俗。在目的論視角下，對《恒河》的字幕翻譯提出了極高的要求，既要保留原片的文化內(nèi)涵，又要確保目標(biāo)觀眾能夠理解并接受。Thedocumentary"Ganges"delvesintothecoreofIndiancultureandbeliefs,showcasingthelives,beliefs,andcustomsofthepeopleintheGangesRiverbasintotheaudiencethroughexquisitevisualsandheartfeltnarratives.Fromtheperspectiveofteleology,thereisahighdemandforthesubtitletranslationof"Ganges",whichnotonlypreservestheculturalconnotationsoftheoriginalfilm,butalsoensuresthatthetargetaudiencecanunderstandandacceptit.在翻譯過程中，翻譯者需充分考慮到目的論所強調(diào)的“翻譯目的決定翻譯策略”這一核心思想。例如，紀(jì)錄片中涉及大量印度宗教和文化的專有名詞，這些詞匯對于非印度觀眾來說可能較為陌生。因此，在字幕翻譯時，翻譯者采用了注釋或解釋性翻譯的方法，以幫助觀眾更好地理解這些詞匯背后的文化內(nèi)涵。Inthetranslationprocess,translatorsneedtofullyconsiderthecoreideaof"translationpurposedeterminestranslationstrategy"emphasizedbySkopostheory.Forexample,documentariesinvolvealargenumberofproprietarytermsrelatedtoIndianreligionandculture,whichmaybeunfamiliartononIndianaudiences.Therefore,insubtitletranslation,translatorsuseannotationorinterpretivetranslationmethodstohelptheaudiencebetterunderstandtheculturalconnotationsbehindthesewords.紀(jì)錄片中的對話和敘述往往蘊含著深厚的情感和文化色彩，這對于字幕翻譯來說是一大挑戰(zhàn)。翻譯者需要在保留原意的基礎(chǔ)上，通過恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯選擇和句式調(diào)整，使字幕翻譯能夠傳達(dá)出與原文相似的情感效果。例如，在描述恒河沿岸居民對河流的敬仰和依賴時，翻譯者采用了詩意且富有感染力的語言，使觀眾能夠深切感受到這種情感的真摯和深沉。Thedialogueandnarrationindocumentariesoftencontainprofoundemotionsandculturalconnotations,whichisamajorchallengeforsubtitletranslation.Translatorsneedtoretaintheoriginalmeaninganduseappropriatevocabularyselectionandsentencestructureadjustmenttoenablesubtitletranslationtoconveyemotionaleffectssimilartotheoriginaltext.Forexample,whendescribingtheadmirationanddependenceofresidentsalongtheGangesRiverontheriver,thetranslatorusedpoeticandinfectiouslanguage,allowingtheaudiencetodeeplyfeelthesincerityanddepthofthisemotion.除了文化和情感層面的翻譯處理外，翻譯者還需關(guān)注字幕翻譯的時效性和準(zhǔn)確性。由于紀(jì)錄片往往涉及大量的場景切換和對話，字幕翻譯需要迅速且準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)出關(guān)鍵信息，以避免觀眾產(chǎn)生困惑或誤解。在《恒河》的字幕翻譯中，翻譯者通過精心組織語言和優(yōu)化句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確保了字幕的流暢性和易讀性。Inadditiontoculturalandemotionaltranslationprocessing,translatorsalsoneedtopayattentiontothetimelinessandaccuracyofsubtitletranslation.Duetothefrequentsceneswitchinganddialogueinvolvedindocumentaries,subtitletranslationneedstoquicklyandaccuratelyconveykeyinformationtoavoidconfusionormisunderstandingamongtheaudience.Inthesubtitletranslationof"Ganges",thetranslatorensuresthefluencyandreadabilityofthesubtitlesbycarefullyorganizingthelanguageandoptimizingthesentencestructure.《恒河》的字幕翻譯在目的論視角下呈現(xiàn)出了鮮明的特點。翻譯者通過巧妙的翻譯策略和精心的語言處理，成功地傳遞了原片的文化內(nèi)涵和情感色彩，為觀眾帶來了一場視覺和心靈的盛宴。這一案例也為我們提供了寶貴的啟示：在紀(jì)錄片字幕翻譯中，應(yīng)充分考慮到目的論的要求和觀眾的需求，以實現(xiàn)翻譯的最佳效果。Thesubtitletranslationof"TheGanges"presentsdistinctcharacteristicsfromateleologicalperspective.Thetranslator,throughclevertranslationstrategiesandmeticulouslanguageprocessing,successfullyconveyedtheculturalconnotationsandemotionalcolorsoftheoriginalfilm,bringingavisualandspiritualfeasttotheaudience.Thiscasealsoprovidesvaluableinsightsforus:indocumentarysubtitletranslation,therequirementsofteleologyandtheneedsoftheaudienceshouldbefullyconsideredtoachievethebesttranslationeffect.六、《恒河》字幕翻譯的問題與挑戰(zhàn)TheProblemsandChallengesinSubtitleTranslationofGanges《恒河》這部紀(jì)錄片以其深入的文化內(nèi)涵和豐富的視聽元素，為字幕翻譯帶來了獨特的挑戰(zhàn)。在目的論視角下，這些挑戰(zhàn)主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面。Thedocumentary"Ganges"presentsuniquechallengesforsubtitletranslationduetoitsprofoundculturalconnotationsandrichaudio-visualelements.Fromtheperspectiveofteleology,thesechallengesaremainlyreflectedinthefollowingaspects.文化差異是字幕翻譯中無法回避的問題?！逗愫印氛宫F(xiàn)了印度深厚的歷史、宗教和文化，其中涉及的大量印度特有文化元素和背景知識對于非印度觀眾來說可能難以理解。如何在保留原片文化內(nèi)涵的同時，將這些信息以易于理解的方式傳達(dá)給目標(biāo)觀眾，是字幕翻譯者需要解決的首要問題。Culturaldifferencesareunavoidableissuesinsubtitletranslation.TheGangesRivershowcasesIndia'sprofoundhistory,religion,andculture,whichinvolvesalargenumberofuniqueIndianculturalelementsandbackgroundknowledgethatmaybedifficultfornonIndianaudiencestounderstand.Howtoconveytheculturalconnotationsoftheoriginalfilmtothetargetaudienceinaneasilyunderstandablewaywhilepreservingthemistheprimaryissuethatsubtitletranslatorsneedtoaddress.語言差異也增加了字幕翻譯的難度。《恒河》中的敘述和對話使用了大量的印度英語，這種英語往往融合了印度本土的語言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式，對于不熟悉印度文化的翻譯者來說，理解并準(zhǔn)確翻譯這些表達(dá)是一大挑戰(zhàn)。Languagedifferencesalsoincreasethedifficultyofsubtitletranslation.ThenarrativesanddialoguesinGangesusealotofIndianEnglish,whichoftenblendslocalIndianlanguagehabitsandexpressions.FortranslatorswhoarenotfamiliarwithIndianculture,understandingandaccuratelytranslatingtheseexpressionsisamajorchallenge.再者，紀(jì)錄片中的視聽元素，如背景音樂、畫面切換等，也對字幕翻譯提出了要求。如何在保持原片視聽效果的同時，通過字幕傳遞出相應(yīng)的情感和信息，是字幕翻譯者需要認(rèn)真考慮的問題。Furthermore,theaudio-visualelementsindocumentaries,suchasbackgroundmusicandscreenswitching,alsorequiresubtitletranslation.Howtoconveycorrespondingemotionsandinformationthroughsubtitleswhilemaintainingtheaudio-visualeffectoftheoriginalfilmisaproblemthatsubtitletranslatorsneedtocarefullyconsider.字幕翻譯還需要考慮觀眾的接受能力和閱讀習(xí)慣。過長或過于復(fù)雜的字幕可能會讓觀眾感到閱讀困難，甚至影響他們對紀(jì)錄片的觀看體驗。因此，如何在有限的空間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確、簡潔地傳達(dá)信息，是字幕翻譯者需要不斷追求的目標(biāo)。Subtitletranslationalsoneedstoconsidertheaudience'sacceptanceabilityandreadinghabits.Longoroverlycomplexsubtitlesmaymaketheaudiencefeeldifficulttoreadandevenaffecttheirviewingexperienceofdocumentaries.Therefore,howtoaccuratelyandconciselyconveyinformationwithinalimitedspaceisthegoalthatsubtitletranslatorsneedtoconstantlypursue.《恒河》的字幕翻譯在目的論視角下面臨著多方面的挑戰(zhàn)和問題。翻譯者需要在深入理解原片內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)觀眾需求的基礎(chǔ)上，靈活運用各種翻譯策略和方法，以最大程度地實現(xiàn)翻譯的目的。Thesubtitletranslationof"Ganges"facesvariouschallengesandproblemsfromateleologicalperspective.Translatorsneedtoflexibl