（講練測）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Astronmy the science of the stars（測）（含解析）新人教版必修3-新人教版高三必修3英語試題

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars單元檢測卷（時間50分鐘；滿分100分）班級_________________姓名_____________考號_________________得分_______________________I語言知識及應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）【山東省濰坊中學(xué)2017屆高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試】閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AsIwastakingawalkwithmymom,Iaskedher,“Haveyoutakentheseniorbusyet?”IheldmybreathasIwaitedforher1.“Oh,yes.Ihave,”shesaid.“Howwasit?”Isaidthewordsas2asIcouldtoshowmyexcitement,eventhoughIsensedtheanswerwasnotgoingtobe3.Shesighedheavily,“Nooneever4onthatbus.Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.Ionlyseeaboutthirteen5oldladiesandmen.”My6forhersituationgraspedmystomach.Mydadhadrecentlypassedaway,andhissuddenleavemademymother7andfrightened.Forfifty-sevenyears,mydadhadwalkedbyherside.Momneverlearnedto8,soDaddrovehereverywhere.Now,herwheelsweregone,asonegrandchildsoproperly9hersituation.Iknewsheneededgreat10tomakethedecisiontotaketheseniorbus.However,Ifirmlybelievedthe11wouldn’tlasttoolong,forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.Severaldayslater,whenIcametovisither,Iasked,“Dotheytalktoyounow?”She12andtherewasasparkle(火花)inhereyes.Itdidn’ttakeageniustofigureoutthatthe13hadchanged.“Itwassillythatallofusjustsatthere14sayingaword.SoonemorningwhenI15,Igreetedthemandthenremarkedthatwhatanicedayitwas.Soon,theybeganto16andwechattedhappily.Nowwearefriendsandalwayshavesomegood17onthebus,”shereplied.Mymotherheldthekeytothe18oftheotherlonelypeopleonthatbus.Asmileandsome19wordswereallittook.Shesowedtinyseedsof20forherselfandherfriendsonthebus.1.A.order B.instruction C.answer D.request2.A.fluently B.cheerfully C.patiently D.quietly3.A.typical B.reasonable C.similar D.positive4.A.talks B.eats C.drinks D.sleeps5.A.conservative B.depressed C.surprised D.cautious6.A.anger B.excitement C.sympathy D.forgiveness7.A.stubborn B.selfish C.acute D.lonely8.A.drive B.cook C.dance D.paint9.A.planned B.described C.copied D.handled10.A.support B.expectation C.patience D.courage11.A.silence B.friendship C.argument D.impression12.A.complained B.smiled C.sobbed D.appeared13.A.situation B.hardship C.decision D.topic14.A.for B.by C.without D.after15.A.passedby B.goton C.stoodup D.setout16.A.apologize B.escape C.bother D.respond17.A.conversations B.suggestions C.examples D.analysis18.A.fortune B.hearts C.remarks D.relationship19.A.sensitive B.responsible C.friendly D.official20.A.honesty B.happiness C.imagination D.Freedom2.B考查副詞。A.fluently流利的，B.cheerfully高興地，C.patiently有耐心的，D.quietly悄悄地；根據(jù)后文表現(xiàn)他的激動所以此處應(yīng)該是高興地。故選B。3.D考查句意理解。句意：即使我感覺到答案是不積極的。故選D。4.A考查動詞。根據(jù)后文的Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.可知他們在公交車上不開口說話。故選A。5.B考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文可知他們是很沮喪的。故選B。6.C考查名詞。A.anger憤怒，B.excitement興奮，C.sympathy同情，D.forgiveness原諒；句意：我對她所處的情況的同情引起了我的好奇心。故選C。7.D考查形容詞。根據(jù)前文的內(nèi)容可知，爸爸離開讓媽媽很孤單、難過。故選D。8.A考查句意理解。根據(jù)后文的soDaddrovehereverywhere.可知媽媽不會開車。故選A。9.B考查動詞。A.planned計劃，B.described描述，C.copied復(fù)制，D.handled處理；此處指的是作者正確的描述了她的情況。故選B。10.D考查句意理解。句意：我知道她需要很大的勇氣來決定乘公交車。根據(jù)前文也可知；故選D。11.A考查句意理解。根據(jù)后文的forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.可知，此處應(yīng)該是安靜不會持續(xù)太久。故選A。12.B考查句意理解。根據(jù)后文可知她的眼里很高興可知此處應(yīng)該是她微笑了。故選B。13.A考查名詞。根據(jù)前文可知此處她改善了她的處境。故選A。14.C考查介詞。句意：我們大家都坐在那里，一句話也沒有說，這是很愚蠢的。故選C。15.B考查固定詞組。A.passedby路過，B.goton上車，C.stoodup站起來，D.setout出發(fā)；此處指的是她上了車，故選B。16.D考查動詞。A.apologize道歉，B.escape逃跑，C.bother打擾，D.respond回應(yīng)，反應(yīng)；句意：很快，他們開始作出回應(yīng)，我們愉快地聊天。故選D。17.A考查句意理解。句意：現(xiàn)在我們是朋友，總是在公共汽車上有一些很好的對話。故選A?？键c：考查故事類文章閱讀第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)【湖北省襄陽市第四中學(xué)2017屆高三八月第一周周考】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。David:Mr.Smith,sorrytodisturbyou,butIreallyhavesomethingimportant1.________(discuss)withyou.Ithinkwecanhaverobotsmakecoughmedicineforus. Mr.Smith:Robots?Areyouplaying2.________jokeonme?Whyareyoutalkingaboutrobotswithme?Don’tforgetthefact3.________weareonlyasmallcompany. David:Youseewemaketendifferentkindsofcoughmedicine.Buteachoperationonlyhasfoursteps. Mr.Smith:Howmanyrobotswillweneed4.________allthen? David:Four.Thefirstrobotwillmeasureandmixthematerials5.________(use)formakingthemedicine.Thesecondrobotwillpourthemedicineintothebottles.Thenthethirdrobotwillputonthelabels.Thelastrobotwillpackthebottlesintoboxes. Mr.Smith:Andwhatwillhappenwhenoneoftherobotsbreaksdown? David:Arepairman6.________(send)herebytherobotcompanywithinanhour. Mr.Smith:Ijustcan’timagineit.Whatwillwehavehere?Aquietbuildingwithrobotsrollingarounddoingthework? David:That’sit.Andtheserobotsaregreatworkers.Theywillwork24hoursadaywithoutfeelingtiredbutsurelytoyour7.________(satisfy).Whateveryousayis8.________(obey)perfectly.Ithinkeverybossdesires9.________(have)theserobots. Mr.Smith:Iam10.________(total)infavourofyouridea. 4.in.考查介詞短語。inall“總共，合計”，此處指我們總共需要多少機(jī)器人，故填in.5.used.考查過去分詞。此處是過去分詞做定語修飾Thefirstrobot，指被用于制藥的機(jī)器人。故填used.6.willbesent.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語withinanhour用將來時，主語Arepairman和動詞是被動關(guān)系，此處要用將來時的被動，故填willbesent.7.satisfaction.考查名詞。此處由your修飾用名詞，指你的滿意。故填satisfaction.8.tobeobeyed.考查不定式。此處是不定式做表語，指機(jī)器人完全服從你的指令用被動形式，故用不定式的被動tobeobeyed.9.tohave.考查動詞形式。desiretodo渴望做某事，此處指每個老板都渴望擁有這種機(jī)器人。故填tohave.10.totally.考查副詞。此處修飾介詞短語infavourof“贊成”要用副詞，故填totally.考點：考查工作生活類對話閱讀。II閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共1小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A【湖北省襄陽市第四中學(xué)2017屆高三八月第一周周考】TristandaCunha,a38–square–mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearest,St.Helena,andI,950mileswestofAfrica.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(上將)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred. Cominginaclosesecond–andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland–isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica. Themountainous64–square–mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury，supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous. OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利領(lǐng)土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairport,andafewhoursoftelevisionperday. 1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheislandofTristandaCunha________. A.wasnamedafteritsdiscoverer B.gotitsnamefromHollandsettlers C.wasnamedbytheBritishgovernment D.gotitsnamefromtheGuinnessBookofRecords 2.Whichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai? A.TristandaCuha.B.PitcairnIsland.C.EasterIsland.D.St.Helena. 3.WhichcountrydoesEasterIslandbelongto? A.Britain.B.Holland.C.Portugal.D.Chile.【解析】試題分析：文章介紹了TristandaCunha群島的一些地理情況及名字的由來及隸屬情況?？键c：考查地理歷史類短文閱讀。B【山東省濰坊中學(xué)2017屆高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試】Walthadastrongcommercialsenseofwhatwouldappealtothepublic.Disneyland,WaltDisneyWorld,andfinallytheotherDisneythemeparksaroundtheworldallcameaboutbecauseWaltDisneyinsistedthathecouldbuildanamusementparkthatwassomuchbiggerandbetterthanotheramusementparksthatitshouldn’tevenbecalledanamusementpark.In1940hedisclosedaplantoshowDisneycharactersintheirfantasysurroundingsataparkacrossthestreetfromtheDisneystudioinBurbank.TheideaofanamusementparkgrewinWalt’smindashetraveledthroughtheUSandEuropeandvisitedattractionsofallkinds.WaltwassurethatanamusementparkwouldbesuccessfulintheUnitedStatesifitoffereda“goodshow”thatfamiliescouldenjoytogether,wasclean,andhadfriendlyemployees.In1948hesharedhisconceptwithtrustedfriends,amodestamusementparkwithacentralvillageincludingatownhall,asmallpark,railroadstationmovietheater,andsmallstores.Outlyingareaswouldincludeacarnival(聯(lián)歡)areaandawesternvillage.Soonheaddedspaceshipandsubmarinerides,asteamboat,andexhibithalls.Fouryearslater,hedecidedon“Disneyland”forthenameandformedacompanytodevelopthepark,Disneyland,Inc.In1953hegotStanfordResearchInstitutetoexaminetheeconomicfutureofDisneylandandtofindtheperfectlocation.TheybrokegroundinJuly,1954,andoneyearlater,Disneylandopened.Within7weeks,amillionvisitorshadvisitedDisneyland,makingitoneofthebiggesttouristattractionsintheUS.Waltcombinedhistalentandhissenseofwhatthepublicwouldwantwithlotsofhardwork.In1960,withamixtureofhugesuccessesandfailures,DisneyhadcreatedsomethingthatwassuccessfulbeyondWalt’sowndreams.4.WhatdidWaltDisneywanttoshowinhisplan?A.Hiscommercialsense. B.Disneystudio.C.Disneycharacters. D.Fantasysurroundings.5.WhatwouldasuccessfulamusementparkbelikeinWalt’sopinion?A.Itsservicewasfree.B.Itcouldshowfantasticprograms.C.Itincludedattractionsofallkinds.D.Itcouldmakefamiliessatisfied.6.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaboutDisneyland?a.Itopened.b.Theperfectlocationwasfound.c.Theybrokeground.d.Itprovedtobeagreatsuccess.e.Itsnamewasdecided.f.Waltshareditsoutlinewithhisfriends.f,e,b,c,a,d B.e,b,c,a,d,f C.f,e,c,b,a,d D.a,e,b,c,f,d5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的WaltwassurethatanamusementparkwouldbesuccessfulintheUnitedStatesifitoffereda“goodshow”thatfamiliescouldenjoytogether,wasclean,andhadfriendlyemployees.可知，Walt認(rèn)為成功的樂園就是讓家人得到滿足。故選D。6.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容介紹可知，故選A。考點：考查故事類閱讀C【黑龍江省哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)2017屆高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試】Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription．Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine．Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded．Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell．Insuchcasesthedoctormayprescribeaplacebo．Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell．Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbeginstogetbetter．Howdoesthishappen?Thestudyoftheplaceboopensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbodycanhealitself．Itisasiftherewasadoctorineachofus．Thedoctorwillhealthebodyforusifweletit．Butitisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody．Somepeoplesayitworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitself．Thesepeoplesaythatifthemindisfooledintothinkingitgotmedicine，thenitwillactasifitdid，andthebodywillfeelbetter．Placebosdonotalwayswork．Thesuccessofthistreatmentseemstorestalotwiththerelationshipbetweenthepatientandthedoctor．Ifthepatienthasalotoftrustinthedoctorandifthedoctorreallywantstohelpthepatient，thentheplaceboismorelikelytowork．Soinaway,thedoctoristhemostpowerfulplaceboofall．Aplacebocanalsohavebadeffects．Ifpatientsexpectabadreactiontomedicine，thentheywillalsoshowabadreactiontotheplacebo．Thiswouldseemtoshowthatalotofhowyoureacttomedicineisinyourmindratherthaninyourbody．Somedoctorsstillthinkthatiftheplacebocanhavebadeffectsitshouldneverbeused．Theythinkthereisstillnotenoughknownaboutit．Thestrangepoweroftheplacebodoesseemtosuggestthatthehumanmindisstrongerthanwethinkitis．Therearepeoplewhosayyoucanhealyourbodybyusingyourmind．Andtheinterestingthingisthatevenpeoplewhoswearthisisnotpossiblehavebeenhealedbyaplacebo．7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5referto?A.Theplacebo. B.Thebadeffect.C.Thebody. D.Themedicine.8.Whatdoweknowaboutplaceboaccordingtothepassage?A.Itcontainssomesortofmedicine.B.Itwon’tfunctionifyouarenegativeaboutmedicine.C.Peoplewhodon’tbelieveplacebocan’tbehealedbyit.D.Patientsanddoctorsknowclearlyhowithelpstohealthebody.9.Whyisthedoctorsometimesthemostpowerfulplacebo?A.Thepatientneedshelpbadly．B.Thepatientbelievesinthedoctor．C.Thedoctorknowsbetteraboutyourbody．D.Thedoctorhascarefullystudiedmedicine．10.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Placebo：WorkonYourMind B.Placebo：TheMostPowerfulMedicineC.Placebo：TheBestDoctor D.Placebo：HealYourBody8.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．可知安慰劑不會起到醫(yī)學(xué)上的作用。故選B。9.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的描述有時候病人是不需要使用藥物的，醫(yī)生給病人開出安慰劑，病人覺得安慰劑有很大的作用是因為他們很相信醫(yī)生。故選B。10.A主旨大意題。本文講述的是有時候病人的病并不是需要真正的藥物來醫(yī)治，而是需要醫(yī)生開一些安慰的藥劑，這時候就會安慰病人的心理，病人的情緒得到舒緩從而有利于病情的痊愈。這被叫做安慰劑。通常是空的甜膠囊，作用于病人的心理，幫助他們調(diào)節(jié)心情，從而有利于病情痊愈。故選A?？键c：考查科普類閱讀【名師點睛】科普類的閱讀理解一般為介紹科學(xué)知識、社會知識的文章。閱讀這類短文時，要以文章事實為中心進(jìn)行思考。答題技巧：1.加強(qiáng)整體意識，把握文章的主要內(nèi)容。給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞做上記號，特別是各段中心句，可以更快捷的答題。比如第29題：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．可知安慰劑不會起到醫(yī)學(xué)上的作用。故選B。2.審清題干，弄清楚問題的要點，從文章對應(yīng)處尋找答案。要熟悉科普類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點。科普類文章一般由標(biāo)題(Headline)，導(dǎo)語(Introduction)，背景(Background)，主體(Mainbody)和結(jié)尾(End)五部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來看，這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標(biāo)題，而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題。導(dǎo)語一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一個事實的起因。主體則對導(dǎo)語概括的事實進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述，這一部分命題往往最多，因此，閱讀時，同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點。比如第31題：主旨大意題。本文講述的是有時候病人的病并不是需要真正的藥物來醫(yī)治，而是需要醫(yī)生開一些安慰的藥劑，這時候就會安慰病人的心理，病人的情緒得到舒緩從而有利于病情的痊愈。這被叫做安慰劑。通常是空的甜膠囊，作用于病人的心理，幫助他們調(diào)節(jié)心情，從而有利于病情痊愈。故選A。結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng)，命題者常在此要設(shè)計一道推理判斷題。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）【湖北省沙市中學(xué)2017屆高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出正確的填入空白處。選項中有兩項為多余選項。UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.1InBritainwasonlythebeginning.2Theprocessofurbanization—themigrationofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1990,fewerthan5%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.3Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.4Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.5Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.【答案】1.E2.D3.B4.A5．F【解析】試題分析：文章的主題是城市化，講述了城市化由過去城市規(guī)模小，農(nóng)民人口多，到后來現(xiàn)代化之后，城市規(guī)模大，農(nóng)民人口少的現(xiàn)象，體現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)量的增加，社會的變遷。1.E根據(jù)前一句“Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago”可知，此處講的是以前城市的情況，即第一座城市僅僅是5500年才出現(xiàn)的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他幾個選項沒有關(guān)于以前城市的描述。故選擇E2.D根據(jù)前一句的“Britainwasonlythebeginning”可知，英國只是個開始，關(guān)鍵詞beginning,因此后面出現(xiàn)的是soon,句意為，英國只是個開始，很快，其他工業(yè)國家也變成了城市化社會。3.B根據(jù)前一句的“Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms”目前，超過82%的美國人住在城市，只有2%的人住在農(nóng)場，在講完了82%和2%之后，還有剩下的人呢，住在哪里呢？因此可以推斷出，下一句講述的是therest即，其余的人住在什么地方。因此，選擇B，意為，其余的人住在城鎮(zhèn)里?！久麕燑c撥】定位選項，明確各備選選項的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項填入文中，填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及