命題點(diǎn)5 非謂語動(dòng)詞

第三部分

語法專題精講練專題一

動(dòng)詞命題點(diǎn)5

非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）三類?？枷?

動(dòng)詞不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（1）基本形式：to+動(dòng)詞原形（不定式符號(hào)to有時(shí)可省略）（2）否定形式：not

to+動(dòng)詞原形功能用法例句作賓語v.+to

do

sth.

此類動(dòng)詞有decide,

want,

try,

afford,

agree,

choose,

expect,

fail,

hope,

wish,

learn,

manage,

offer,

plan,

prefer,

prepare,

promise,

refuse等I

want

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.功能用法例句作賓補(bǔ)v.+sb./sth.+to

do

sth.

此類動(dòng)詞有ask,

advise,

allow,

encourage,

expect,

force,

invite,

order,

teach,

tell,

warn,

wish,

want/would

like等Our

teacher

advises

us

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.v.+sb./sth.+do

sth.

常見接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的有使役動(dòng)詞let,

make,

have和感官動(dòng)詞see,

watch,

notice，

hear，

feel等，但在變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，要還原to（let除外）My

mother

made

me

clean

my

room

just

now.=I

was

made

to

clean

my

room

by

my

mother

just

now.續(xù)表功能用法例句作狀語目的狀語I

collect

rubbish

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.續(xù)表功能用法例句作狀語原因狀語I

am

happy

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.結(jié)果狀語I

am

free

enough

to

clean

the

classroom.作主語常用it作形式主語，真正的主語即動(dòng)詞不定式則被后置It’s

good

for

you

to

take

exercise.不定式位于句首作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)To

keep

the

classroom

clean

is

important.續(xù)表功能用法例句作表語常位于系動(dòng)詞之后，表示主語的具體內(nèi)容或目的My

purpose

is

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.作定語置于被修飾詞之后，作后置定語。I

have

some

work

to

do.續(xù)表常見接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞見《晨讀詞句篇》P31。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的常用句型（1）too+adj./adv.+to

do

sth.太……而不能做某事（2）adj./adv.+enough

to

do

sth.足夠……做某事（3）prefer

to

do

sth.

rather

than

do

sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事（4）It’s+adj.（+for/of

sb.）+to

do

sth.

（對(duì)某人來說，）做某事是……的。（5）It’s

time

to

do

sth.該是做某事的時(shí)候了。（6）It’s

one’s

turn

to

do

sth.輪到某人做某事了。（7）It

takes/took

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.某人花費(fèi)……（多長(zhǎng)）時(shí)間做某事。（8）find/think/feel/make

it+adj.+to

do

sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感覺/使做某事是……的（9）have

no

choice

but

to

do

sth.除做某事之外別無選擇3.“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法

動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用可作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句。如：（1）When

to

go

to

Beijing

hasn’t

been

decided

yet.

（作主語）（2）I

haven’t

decided

when

to

leave

Beijing.（作賓語）=I

haven’t

decided

when

I

should

leave

Beijing.（“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為語從句。）（3）My

question

is

how

to

go

to

Beijing.（作表語）考向2

動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞（v.-ing）的用法用法例句作賓語動(dòng)詞賓語I

like

playing

football

very

much.介詞賓語I

have

no

experience

in

teaching

English.作主語Getting

up

early

is

a

good

habit.作表語His

job

is

teaching

Chinese

in

a

school.作定語We

need

a

washing

machine.常見接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞（組）見《晨讀詞句篇》P31。2.動(dòng)名詞的常用搭配或句型（1）be

good

at/do

well

in

doing

sth.擅長(zhǎng)做某事（2）be

interested

in

doing

sth./have

（an）

interest

in

doing

sth.對(duì)做某事感興趣（3）be/get/become

used

to

doing

sth.習(xí)慣于做某事（4）be

busy

doing

sth.忙于做某事（5）be

worth

doing

sth.值得做某事（6）can’t

help

doing

sth.情不自禁做某事（7）feel

like

doing

sth.想要做某事（8）give

up

doing

sth.放棄做某事（9）have

difficulty/problems/trouble

（in）

doing

sth.做某事有困難（10）have

fun

（in）

doing

sth./have

a

good

time

（in）

doing

sth.做某事很開心（11）look

forward

to

doing

sth.期待做某事（12）prefer

doing

sth.

to

doing

sth.喜歡做某事勝過做某事（13）stick

to

doing

sth./hold

on

to

doing

sth.堅(jiān)持做某事（14）spend+時(shí)間/金錢+（in）

doing

sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事（15）succeed

in

doing

sth.成功做某事（16）Thank

sb.

for

doing

sth.因某人做了某事而感謝某人。（17）What/How

about

doing

sth.？做某事怎么樣？1.

若動(dòng)名詞位于句首作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單三形式；并列動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.

有一些動(dòng)詞后面既可以接動(dòng)名詞，也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，但是意思有區(qū)別，常見的有：forget

doing

sth.

忘記做過某事（已做）forget

to

do

sth.

忘記去做某事（未做）remember

doing

sth.

記得做過某事（已做）remember

to

do

sth.

記得去做某事（未做）regret

doing

sth.

對(duì)做過的事感到后悔（已做）regret

to

do

sth.

對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾（未做）mean

doing

sth.

意味著做某事mean

to

do

sth.

打算做某事need

to

do

sth.

（某人）需要做某事need

doing

sth.

（某物）需要被……stop

doing

sth.

停止做某事stop

to

do

sth.

停下來去做另一件事try

doing

sth.

嘗試做某事try

to

do

sth.

設(shè)法/努力做某事考向3

分詞1.分詞的用法

分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞（v.-ing）和過去分詞（v.-ed），其常見用法有：用法例句作補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被修飾的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即主動(dòng)關(guān)系）。I

hear

my

sister

singing.過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被修飾的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）。I

had

my

hair

cut

last

night.用法例句作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，所修飾的詞是其邏輯主語。Do

you

know

the

boy

playing

football？過去分詞作定語，所修飾的詞是其邏輯賓語。Please

hand

in

your

written

exercises.續(xù)表2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別（1）在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。如：a

moving

film一部感人的電影the

moved

people被感動(dòng)的人們（2）在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如：the

developing

country發(fā)展中國(guó)家the

developed

country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家隨堂練一、用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子repair

help

attend

see

make1.My

friend

invites

me

to

_______

the

party.

I

can’t

wait

to

go

there.attend2.Our

foreign

teacher

went

back

to

her

country.

We

all

hope

to

____her

again.see3.Judy

enjoys

cooking，

and

she

is

busy

________

her

mom

to

prepare

the

dinner

now.helping4.His

parents

encourage

him

to

______

his

own

decisions.

They

think

he

is

old

enough

to

do

it.make5.My

bike

is

broken.

I’m

going

to

get

it

_________

this

afternoon.repairedexplain

hear

have

join

manage6.To

make

herself

_______

clearly,

Sarah

tried

to

speak

as

loudly

as

possible.heard7.Mr.

George

has

lived

in

China

for

five

years,

and

now

he

is

used

to

________

meals

with

chopsticks.having8.Bonnie

is

new

here,

so

she

decided

to

_____

an

after-school

club

to

make

some

friends.join9.Although

the

problem

was

hard

to

understand，our

teacher

didn’t

give

up

___________

it

again

and

again.explaining10.It

is

necessary

to

learn

to

________

time

and

make

good

use

of

every

minute.manage二、用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成語篇Passage

1train

finish

send

raisereturn

improve

face

In

recent

years，

with

more

and

more

cars

on

the

road，

flying

robots

are

used

to

1.______

mails．Flying

robots

can

carry

mails

to

people’s

houses

without

2._______

heavy

traffic．

But

they

will

spend

too

much

time

in

3.__________.

A

research

center

is

trying

to

4._________

its

flying

robots

with

the

help

of

homing

pigeons（信鴿）．sendfacingreturningimprove

In

tests，

researchers

found

that

homing

pigeons

5.________

to

fly

home

from

somewhere

else

were

more

efficient（高效的）

than

flying

robots

at

returning

to

their

home.

So

the

research

center

is

trying

to

use

a

flying

robot，

together

with

a

homing

pigeon，

to

send

mails．After

6._________

its

tasks，

the

robot

can

follow

the

pigeon

back

in

the

shortest

possible

time．

Although

it

will

cost

more

money

to

7.______

pigeons，

the

research

center

says

that

it

can

save

time.trainedfinishingraisePassage

2attract

spend

becometeach

train

learn

send

In

Dengfeng

today,

there

are

more

than

50,000

students

learning

kung

fu,

a

traditional

art

in

China.

They

come

to

learn

it

for

many

reasons.

Some

hope

to

8.________

film

stars.

Others

come

to

learn

skills

that

will

help

them

get

good

jobs

in

future.become

Hu

Zhengsheng

9._________

kung

fu

at

a

small

school