2019英語(yǔ)練習(xí)方略資料：8Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit1Alandofdiversity多元化的社會(huì)Ⅰ.單詞盤點(diǎn)根據(jù)詞性和漢語(yǔ)意思寫出詞匯1.________(n.) 手段；方法2._______(n.) (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮

(vi.) 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期meansboom3._________(n.) 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅4._______(vi.) 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)5._________(vt.) 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示6.________(n.) 行李7.______(vi.) 滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤

(n.) 滑動(dòng)；滑倒8._____(vt.&n.) 租用；雇用customsoccurindicateluggagesliphire9._________(adv.)無(wú)處；到處都無(wú)10._______(vt.&vi.)改革；革新

(n.)改革；改造；改良11._______(vt.&n.)抓??；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)12.________(adj.)清晰的；明顯的；明確的→

__________(n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著13.__________(n.)大多數(shù)；大半→_________(n.)少數(shù)14._____(vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→_______(n.)選舉nowherereformgraspdistinctdistinctionmajorityminorityelectelection15.__________(n.)申請(qǐng)人→_______(vi.)申請(qǐng)→__________(n.)申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng)16._________(adj.)顯而易見(jiàn)的；顯然的；表面上的→____________(adv.)顯然地；顯而易見(jiàn)地applicantapplyapplicationapparentapparently【品詞自測(cè)】根據(jù)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①___________,shetooknonoticeofthe__________mistakesintheaccident.(apparent)②Allthe_________can_____inpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheir___________beforeMay6th.(apply)ApparentlyapparentapplicantsapplyapplicationsⅡ.短語(yǔ)回放1.繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 _______2.用……辦法；借助…… ______________3.習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 ___________4.堅(jiān)持；維持，沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) ________5.背靠背 ____________6.與……合作或一起工作 ____________7.畫線；標(biāo)出……界線 _________liveonbymeansof...makealifekeepupbacktobackteamupwithmarkout8.包括；吸收 ______9.許多；很多 ________________10.申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到 ________takeinagreat/goodmanyapplyforⅢ.句式掃描1.However,___________(很可能)thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.2.__________(那就是為什么)todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.3.Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,____________(被吸引)theclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.

itislikelyThatiswhyattractedby4.__________________(人們相信)beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.

Itisbelievedthat【仿句自測(cè)】根據(jù)下面句式仿寫句子①Itbelikelythat...很可能……仿寫：他很可能成為我們的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。_____________________________________②Itisbelievedthat...人們認(rèn)為/相信……仿寫：人們相信第三次世界大戰(zhàn)不會(huì)發(fā)生。___________________________________________________Itislikelythathewillbeournewleader.ItisbelievedthattheThirdWorldWarwillnotbreakout.核心要點(diǎn)majority

三年2考

occur三年1考

keepup三年4考1.majorityn.

大多數(shù)；大半(1)a/themajorityof... 大多數(shù)beina/themajority 構(gòu)成大多數(shù)/大部分(2)majoradj.

主要的

vi.

專修；主攻majorin 主修(3)minorityn.

少數(shù)；少數(shù)派/人①ThemajorityofpeopleinterviewedpreferTVtoradio.大多數(shù)接受采訪的人都喜歡看電視而不喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。②Mybrothermajoredintwosubjectsintheuniversitylastyear.我哥哥去年在大學(xué)里主修兩門課程。③Youngpeoplewere_____________atthemeeting.這次會(huì)議年輕人占了多數(shù)。inthemajority④Mostpeoplewanttoowntheirownhouse.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)=______________peoplewanttoowntheirownhouse.大多數(shù)人想要擁有他們自己的房子。Themajorityof【點(diǎn)津】(1)當(dāng)a/themajorityof...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞保持一致。(2)當(dāng)themajority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。

2.occurvi.

發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)sth.occurstosb. 某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosb.that-clause 某人突然想起①ThereportfindsthemostrapiddeclineinchildlaborhasoccurredinLatinAmerica.這份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)童工人數(shù)下降最快的地方是拉丁美洲。②Didn’titoccurtoyouthathewaslying?你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)想到他在撒謊嗎？③

______________________(他從未想到)thatshewouldbesodispleased.

Itneveroccurredtohim【真題鏈接】［2010陜西，18］Itneveroccurredtome_____youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.A.which

B.what

C.that

D.if【解析】選C。考查固定句型。Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...是固定句型，意思是：某人突然想起……，其中that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，故選C。【點(diǎn)津】occur常與介詞to搭配，相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞happen，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！鞠胍幌搿勘硎尽澳橙送蝗幌肫稹钡谋磉_(dá)方式還有哪些?【拓展延伸】主語(yǔ)

句型

想到的事情作主語(yǔ)或it作形式主語(yǔ)

sth.strikessb.sth.comestosb.Itstrikessb.that-clauseIthitssb.that-clause

人

sb.comesupwithanidea/athought

3.bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……Ifoundmybikebymeansofanoticeinthenewspaper.我借助于報(bào)紙上的一則通知找到了我的自行車?！就卣埂糠g以下短語(yǔ)bythismeans ___________bynomeans _______________byallmeans _________________用這種方法決不；一點(diǎn)也不當(dāng)然可以，沒(méi)問(wèn)題【真題鏈接】［2011浙江，17］—CanIcomeandhavealookatyournewhouse?—Yes,_______!A.withpleasure B.IlikeitC.Iquiteagree D.byallmeans【解析】選D?？疾榻浑H用語(yǔ)。句意：——我可以來(lái)看看你的新房子嗎？——好的，當(dāng)然可以。A項(xiàng)：非常樂(lè)意；B項(xiàng)：我喜歡它；C項(xiàng)：我非常同意；D項(xiàng)：當(dāng)然可以，沒(méi)問(wèn)題。4.keepup堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)①Youarealldoingasplendidjob;keepupthegoodwork!你們干得很出色；繼續(xù)好好干吧！②Thehighcostofrawmaterialsiskeepingpricesup.昂貴的原材料費(fèi)用使價(jià)格居高不下。③Weshouldnotkeepupoldcustoms.我們不該沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗。【拓展】翻譯以下短語(yǔ)keepupwith ________________keeptosth. ___________________________keepoff ____________________keepout ______________________keepon _____keepback __________________跟上；并駕齊驅(qū)堅(jiān)守；不違背(諾言、計(jì)劃等)避開(kāi)；使……不接近使不進(jìn)入；使留在外面繼續(xù)隱瞞；扣下；留下5.takein包括；吸收閱讀下列例句，寫出takein的漢語(yǔ)意思①Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheteacherhadtaught.()②Iftheskirtistoobig,wecantakeinthewaist.()③Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.()④Don’tletyourselfbe

taken

inbyhistricks.()⑤Thisisthetotalcostoftheholiday,takingeverythingin.()理解改小吸收欺騙包括【拓展】takefor 當(dāng)做；誤認(rèn)為

takeoff 脫衣服；(飛機(jī))起飛；成功takeon 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takeup 占據(jù)；從事；繼續(xù)；拿起takeover 接管takeback 撤回；同意收回【真題鏈接】［2011陜西，25］Someinsects______thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.A.takeinB.takeoffC.takeonD.takeout【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含義辨析。句意：一些昆蟲呈現(xiàn)出它們周圍環(huán)境的顏色，目的是為了保護(hù)自己。takein“吸收；改??；理解；欺騙”；takeoff“起飛；脫衣服；擺脫；成名”；takeon“雇用；呈現(xiàn)”；takeout“拿出來(lái)”。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。6.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。It’slikelythat...很可能……。在該句型中，it為句子的形式主語(yǔ)，that從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。①ItislikelythatTomwillattendtheparty.湯姆很可能會(huì)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)?！军c(diǎn)津】Itbelikelythat...也可轉(zhuǎn)換為：sb./sth.+belikelytodosth.，意為“某人/某物可能做某事”。

②Itislikelythattheweatherwillbefine.=Theweatherislikelytobefine.天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。③Sheislikelytoringmetonight.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)=_____________shewillringmetonight.她可能今晚給我打電話。Itislikelythat【辨析】理解下列區(qū)別并選詞填空l(shuí)ikely

用于①itislikely+that從句②sb./sth.islikelytodosth.但一般不用于itislikelyforsb.todosth.

possible

用于①itispossible(forsb.)todosth.②itispossible+that從句但不用于sb.ispossibletodosth.

probable

常用于itisprobable+that從句

④Itissunny,soitis_________thathewillcomehere.=Heis______tocomehere,becauseitissunny.⑤Anythingis________.Youneedtoconvincemethatyouarereasonable.

probablelikelypossible【助記】7.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認(rèn)為，過(guò)不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)如此之大，以至于不可能存在明顯的主要的種族和文化群體，而是一個(gè)多種族、多文化的混合體。It’sbelievedthat...人們認(rèn)為……。在該句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。①Itisbelievedthatthestoryistrue.據(jù)說(shuō)故事是真的?！军c(diǎn)津】“It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”該句式可改寫為：主語(yǔ)(sb./sth.)+be+過(guò)去分詞+不定式或People+動(dòng)詞+that...。Itbesaidthat...=sb./sth.besaidto...=Peoplesaythat...

②Thelittleboyisbelievedtobesleepingintheroom.(句型轉(zhuǎn)換)=_______________thelittleboyissleepingintheroom.=People___________thelittleboyissleepingintheroom.人們認(rèn)為那個(gè)小男孩正在房間里睡覺(jué)。Itisbelievedthatbelievethat【想一想】類似的it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句的形式還有哪些?【拓展延伸】(1)it+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprised,good,etc.)+that從句It’sobviousthatheknowsthetruth.很明顯他知道真相。(2)It+be+名詞詞組(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that從句It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我們隊(duì)贏了比賽并不奇怪。1.electvt.

決定做某事；選舉某人；選擇①Sheelectedtobecomealawyer.她決定當(dāng)律師。②WeelectedJames(tobe/as)chairman.

我們選舉詹姆斯當(dāng)主席。【歸納】electtodosth. __________electsb.(tobe/as)+職務(wù) __________________【點(diǎn)津】“獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”職務(wù)、官銜作同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。

決定做某事推選某人擔(dān)任某職務(wù)【辨析】理解下列區(qū)別并選詞填空choose

指在兩個(gè)或多個(gè)之中選擇其一，可與from或between連用。

select

指在同類事物中選擇最好或最合適的,一般有一定的目的性。

elect

是指通過(guò)“選舉”選出。

③Youcan_______whatyouwantfromthesebooks.④I________fourpostcardsandhandedthemtothecashier.⑤Hewas_______mayorlastyear.

chooseselectedelected2.apparentadj.

顯而易見(jiàn)的；顯然的；表面上的Itisapparentthat... ……是顯然的apparentlyadv.

顯然地①_________________shewasgoingtodie.很顯然她將死去。②Certainproblemswereapparentfromtheoutset.某些問(wèn)題從開(kāi)始就是顯而易見(jiàn)的。Itwasapparentthat③Shemanagedtoclimboutofthecar,apparentlyunhurt.她從車?yán)锱懒顺鰜?lái)，很顯然沒(méi)受傷。3.teamupwith與……合作或一起工作①Heteamedupwithhisbrotherandpulledthecarout.他與弟弟攜手將車?yán)顺鰜?lái)。②Thetwocompanieshaveteamedupwitheachothertodevelopanewracingcar.這兩家公司已經(jīng)合作開(kāi)發(fā)一種新型賽車。

【拓展】補(bǔ)全以下短語(yǔ)team___ 結(jié)對(duì)；合作ateam___... 一隊(duì)……___a...team 屬于……隊(duì)play____a...team 為……隊(duì)效力upofonfor4.markout畫線；標(biāo)出……界線①Thestudentsaremarkingoutthe