2024年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)TomcatchesJerry.JerryiscaughtbyTom.一個(gè)內(nèi)容兩種說(shuō)法從動(dòng)作發(fā)出者角度從動(dòng)作承受者角度主動(dòng)說(shuō)法被動(dòng)說(shuō)法主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)選擇哪一種呢？關(guān)鍵看強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象及運(yùn)用角度TomcatchesJerry.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作的承受者JerryiscaughtbyTom動(dòng)作的承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式觀(guān)察下列被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，圈出表示被動(dòng)含義的謂語(yǔ)部分1.Thetreesareplantedbythevolunteers.2.Disneylandisenjoyedbymillionsofpeople

fromallovertheworld.基本形式：be+及物動(dòng)詞（組）的過(guò)去分詞3.Chineseisspokenbypeopleallovertheworld.4.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofbytheirgrandma.有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)詞組,如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”,“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等,也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不能分開(kāi)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞可以構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)介詞和副詞不要丟掉.

1.Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.2.Grandma

takescareof

mysister.Mysister

istakencareof

by

Grandma.3.Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞！lookforlookaftertakecareofhandinlaughatspeaktobelookedforbelookedafterbetakencareofbehandedinbelaughedatbespokento

主動(dòng)

被動(dòng)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是整體，不要丟掉后面的介詞或副詞哦！Tom

catchesJerry

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)Jerry

iscaught

by

TomS

VO動(dòng)作發(fā)出者動(dòng)作動(dòng)作承受者動(dòng)作承受者動(dòng)作動(dòng)作發(fā)出者步驟：1：換

2：改3：加by（有時(shí)也會(huì)省略）

4：補(bǔ)（有狀語(yǔ)時(shí)）小試牛刀1.TheyplayfootballonSunday.2.Lucydoesthehomeworkinthemorning.3.They

playthecomputers

in

class.4.WemakethemachinesinBeijing.FootballispalyedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyinthemorning.Thecomputersareplayedbytheminclass.ThemachinesaremadebyusinBeijing.主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)互換時(shí)，要注意“格”的變換，be的形式取決于變化前句中給定的時(shí)態(tài)以及更換后新主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)及單復(fù)數(shù)情況被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)1.語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)關(guān)注做被做dobedone2.時(shí)態(tài)：動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形態(tài)關(guān)注不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Thestudentsplantedthesetreeslastyear.3.Theywillfinishtheworkinthreehours.4.Wearepaintingtheroomnow.5.Wewerebuiltingtheroadthistimelastyear.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Thesetreeswereplantedbythestudentslastyear一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Theworkwillbefinishedbytheminthreehours.Theroomisbeingpaintedbyusnow.Theroadwasbeingbuiltbyusthistimelastyear.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)6.Shehasfinishedherhomework.

Herhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbyher.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeen+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞7.Youmustfinishyourhomeworktoday.Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedtodaytoday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)主要依托于助動(dòng)詞be來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)什么時(shí)候用1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。ThiswatchismadeinChina.這塊手表是中國(guó)制造的。2.沒(méi)必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。Manytreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必須種許多樹(shù)。3.需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語(yǔ)的廣泛使用)4.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是物。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.許多房子被洪水沖走了。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)什么時(shí)候用說(shuō)話(huà)或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí),為了顯得客觀(guān)公正,也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用句型:Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為e.g.Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.e.g.Itisreportedthatgoldhasbeenfoundthere.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用的特殊情況let,make,have(三使)/see,look,watch,notice(四看)/listen,hear(二聽(tīng))/feel(一感覺(jué))當(dāng)它們變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要把to加上。1.Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.一、使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞2.Iheardhimsinglastnight.Hewasheardtosinglastnight.使役動(dòng)詞+sbdo感官動(dòng)詞+sbdosb+be+使役動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞todosb+be+感官動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞todo3.Theymadehimwork12

hoursaday.

Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用的特殊情況1.look,sound,smell,taste,feel等系動(dòng)詞，后加形容詞，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)?！鞠当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)】Thefishtastesgood.Thesongsoundedwonderful.Thecoatfeltcomfortable.二、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義2.want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/require/need/deservetobedone【需要做某事】Thecomputer

needsrepairing.

這個(gè)電腦需要修理。=Thecomputerneedstoberepaired.Thetablewantscleaning.這張桌子該擦了Thepointdeservesmentioning.這一點(diǎn)值得提到.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用的特殊情況3.beworthdoing“值得被….”=beworthyofbeingdone

=beworthytobedoneThebookisworthreading.=Thebookisworthyofbeingread.=Thebookisworthytoberead.二、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義4.blow,carry,cut,drive,read,sell

,write,wear,等與副詞連用,表示主語(yǔ)性能時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Thecomputerssellwell.Theroomcleanedperfectly.Thepenwriteseasily.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句：The

roomis

cleanedbyhim.否定句：Theroomis

not

cleanedbyhim.一般疑問(wèn)句：Is

theroomcleanedbyhim?特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whois

theroomcleanedby?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be是助動(dòng)詞,所以否定句直接在be動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞提至句首,特殊疑問(wèn)句be動(dòng)詞跟在特殊疑問(wèn)詞后面后面.Jimgaveme(間接賓語(yǔ))abook(直接賓語(yǔ)).tellsbsthgivesb.sth.

passsb.sth.throwsbsthsendsb.sth.showsb.sth.lendsbsthbringsb.sth.被動(dòng)

sth主動(dòng)betoldtosbbegiventosb.bepassedtosb.bethrowntosb.besenttosb.beshowntosb.belenttosb.bebroughttosb.IwasgivenabookbyJim.三、雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)直物間人AbookwasgiventomebyJim含有雙賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)直接賓語(yǔ)sth作主語(yǔ)時(shí)要在間賓前加上to或for主動(dòng)