中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法題型滿分練習(xí)專題22 閱讀理解+說明文+-（含解析）

專題二十二閱讀理解類型三說明文人與自我－生活與學(xué)習(xí)Passage1(2022江蘇連云港)Didyouknowthatvocabulary(詞匯)ismoreimportantthangrammar?Ifyouhavegoodvocabulary,youcancommunicatesuccessfully,evenifthegrammarisnotcompletelyperfect.However,onecommonproblemislearningnewwordsandthenforgettingthem.Sowhenyouwanttouseanewwordinaconversation,youcan'trememberitatthatmoment.Doesthisoftenhappentoyou?Thereasonforthisdifficultyisthatmoststudentstrytolearnvocabularybystudyinglistsanddictionariesandrememberingthewords.Butitmaynotworkifyoudon'thaveaverygoodmemory.Thebestwaytolearnvocabularyandrememberthewordssuccessfullyistolearnnewwordsandusethematonce.Youcandothiswithaverysimpleexercise.Everytimeyoulearnanewword,forexample,fromanEnglishlessonoranarticle,writeitdowninyourvocabularynotebook.Writingismoreactivethanjustreadingadefinition(釋義).Youshouldwritetheword,thedefinitioninEnglishortranslation,oneexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionaryandoneexamplesentencethatyoucreate.Imagineyoujustlearntheword“generous”;writeinyourvocabularynotebook:generous(adjective),definition-givingorwillingtogivefreely.Exampleone,fromthearticle:Thanksforpayingformydinner;you'reverygenerous.Exampletwo,myexample:Mybrotherisgenerousbecausehevolunteersattheanimalshelteronweekends.It'sbestifyourexamplesentencesaretruetoyourlife,becausethiscreatesapersonalconnectionwiththenewword.Thenextday,readyourvocabularynotebookagainandtrytoaddonemoreexamplesentenceusingthenewword.It'shelpfulforyoutorememberit.Thesetwosimplesteps-writingthewordandusingitatonce-helpyourememberandusenewwords.Doyouhaveavocabularynotebook?Ifnot,startnow.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A.Theproblem.B.Thenewword.C.Theconversation.D.Thedictionary.2.What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingstepsoftakingvocabularynotes?①M(fèi)akeyourownexamplesentence.②Writetheword,itsEnglishdefinitionortranslation.③Copyanexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionary.④Readyournotebookagainandaddonemoreexamplesentence.A.②③①④B.②③④①C.③④②①D.③②①④3.Howcanwemakethebestexamplesentencesaccordingtothewriter?A.Byaskingforhelpfromfriends.B.Byexplainingwords'definitions.C.Byconnectingthemwithourlife.D.Byaddingwordsfromthearticle.4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TipsforTranslatingWordsB.AdviceonUsingGrammarC.AbilitiesofCreatingExamplesD.WaysofLearningNewWords答案:語篇解讀本文主要介紹了英語學(xué)習(xí)中增加詞匯量的方法。最佳方法是學(xué)后立即使用。先在筆記本上寫出生詞及英文定義或者翻譯，再摘錄并創(chuàng)造跟生活關(guān)聯(lián)緊密的例句，可以幫助你有效地記憶并使用生詞。子主題為“積極的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)，恰當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)方法與策略，勤學(xué)善思”。1.B代詞指代題。根據(jù)“onecommonproblemislearningnewwordsandthenforgettingthem”可知這里指的是學(xué)習(xí)生詞然后又忘記了。再結(jié)合上文“whenyouwanttouseanewword”可知這里的it就是指代“thenewword”。2.A排序題。根據(jù)第三、四段內(nèi)容可知，第一步在筆記本上記下生詞及英文解釋或翻譯；第二步從文章中或字典中摘錄例句；第三步創(chuàng)作自己的例句；第四步復(fù)習(xí)詞匯筆記再增添一個例句加以鞏固。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'sbestifyourexamplesentencesaretruetoyourlife,becausethiscreatesapersonalconnectionwiththenewword.”可知選C.4.D最佳標(biāo)題題。全文分成五段，從闡述詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的重要性到介紹生詞學(xué)習(xí)的方法，并舉例說明如何具體操作。所有的內(nèi)容都是在圍繞詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的方法來展開的。Passage2(2022四川南充)Atreehasroots.Peoplehaverootstoo.Ifyougettotherootofaproblem,youwillsolveit.It'sthesamethingwithwords.Digdeeplyintoabig,unfamiliarwordandyouwillunderstandwhereitcamefrom.Asreaders,especiallythosereadinginasecondlanguage,weneedtodealwiththetextasifweweredetectives(偵探)lookingforinformationtounlocktheunknown.Likeanygooddetectivearrivingonthecrimescene,thefirstthingtodowhenmeetinganewanddifficultwordistojudgethesituation,tolookateverythingthatisknownandseeifithelpsustounderstandwhatitmeans.Asyouknow,prefixes(前綴)andsuffixes(后綴)canbeaddedtothebeginningorendofwordstochangethemeaning.Knowthem,andyouwillhavethewordbuildingpower.Butrootwordsarethekey.Taketimetolearnafewofthese,puttheminyourmemory,andyouwillbecomeamasterworddetective.Let'slookatonecommonrootwordusedinEnglish.“Alter”fromtheLatinwordmeans“other”.Whenyoumeetthisrootword,youknowthatthebiggerwordhassomethingtodowith“other”.Examinetheword“alternate”.CanyoufindtheLatinrootinit?●Ifyouandyourfriendliketoeatout,firstyoupayandtheotherpaysthenexttime.Youarealternatingpaying.●IfyougotothemoviesonalternateSaturdays,yougoononeSaturday,butnottheotherSaturday.●Ifyouhavenoalternative,youhavenootherchoice.Learnasmanyrootwordsaspossibleinthelanguageyouarestudying.Thenuseyour“rootingforwords”skills.Likeanynewskill,practiceandhardworkarealwayspaidback.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A.Thesituation.B.Thecrimescene.C.Anewanddifficultword.D.Everythingthatisknown.2.IfJimandLilygotothemovies,whichonebelowis“alternatingpaying”?A.Theyeachpayhalf.B.Jimpayseverytime.C.Theytaketurnspaying.D.Theirparentspayforthem.3.Howdoestheauthorexplainhisideasaboutrootwords?A.Bygivingafact.B.Bytakinganexample.C.Bytellingastory.D.Byhavingadiscussion.4.“Sen”fromtheLatinwordmeans“old”.WhichwordusesthisLatinroot?A.Mybrotherismyseniorbytwoyears.B.Hewasillsohewasabsentfromschool.C.Acriminalwassentencedtodeathbylaw.D.60studentswerepresentatthesportsmeeting.5.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassage?(①=paragraph1②=paragraph2,...)ABCD答案:語篇解讀文章介紹了根據(jù)詞根學(xué)習(xí)語言的一些方法。子主題為“積極的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)，恰當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)方法與策略，勤學(xué)善思”。1.C代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，當(dāng)遇到一個新的、難的單詞時，第一件要做的事情是判斷情況，研究所有已知的內(nèi)容，看看這些內(nèi)容是否有助于我們理解“它”的意思。此處“it”指的是“一個新的、難的單詞”。2.C詞義理解題。根據(jù)方框中的＂Ifyouandyourfriendliketoeatout,firstyoupayandtheotherpaysthenexttime.Youarealternatingpaying.”可知，如果你和你的朋友喜歡出去吃飯，你先付錢，下次由對方付錢，這樣就是“輪流付錢”。3.B寫作手法題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者通過舉例來解釋對詞根的看法。4.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“Sen'fromtheLatinwordmeans'old',”可知，“Sen”來自拉丁語，意思是“老”。選項(xiàng)Mybrotherismyseniorbytwoyears.”表示“我哥哥比我大兩歲”。5.B文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。分析文章內(nèi)容可知，第一段引出主題；第二段介紹處理文本時需要注意的事情；第三、四段介紹前、后綴和詞根的意義；第五段總結(jié)全文，升華主題。Passage3(2022陜西)Doyouknowthewordmigrate?Itisawordusuallyusedtotalkaboutcertainanimalssuchasbirds,fishandsoon.Whenanimalsmigrate,theytravelalongwayfromonepartoftheworldtoanotheraccordingtotheseason.Forexample,swallows(燕子)migratesouthinwinter.Manyanimalsmigrate-theydothisoftenatthesametimeandtothesameplaceeachyear.Theymovetoplaceswhereconditionsarebetter-wheretheweatheriswarmer,wherethereismorefoodandwater,orwheretheiryoungwillbesafer.Peoplealsomigrate.Whenpeoplemigrate,theygotoliveinanotherareaorcountry,especiallyinordertofindwork.InEnglish,whenpeopleleavetheirhomecountryinordertoliveinanothercountry,weusethewordemigrate*insteadofmigrate.Frommigrateandemigratecomethewordsmigrationandemigration.However,ifpeoplemovefromtheirhomecountrytoanothertolivethereforever(永久地),thewordchangesfromemigratetoimmigrateintheEnglishlanguage.Thenthewordimmigrationisborn.Isn'tword-makingoftheEnglishlanguageinteresting?Andcanthisprocess(過程)offindingouttherelationshipsbetweenwordsandlearningtheminagrouporgroupsbeawayforyoutolearnthelanguage?*BasedonLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,6thedition1.WhichofthefollowingsituationscanmatchthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Snakesmoveintoholestosleepinwinter.B.Fishswimtocleanwatersbecauseofpollution.C.Birdsflyveryfarawaytofindfoodandreturntogiveittotheirbabies.D.MonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmericaflysouthtostayawayfromthecold.2.Accordingtothepassage,ifpeople__________,theyleavetheirhomecountrytoliveinanotherforever.A.travelB.migrateC.emigrateD.immigrate3.Thepassageiswrittento__________.A.introducemigrationofanimalsB.tellreadersawayoflearningEnglishC.showhowEnglishwordschangeD.explainwhypeoplemigrate答案:語篇解讀本文主要通過舉例介紹英語單詞的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別，來告訴讀者一種學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。子主題為“積極的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)，恰當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)方法與策略，勤學(xué)善思”。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whenanimalsmigrate,they...theiryoungwillbesafer.”可知選D.2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“However,ifpeoplemovefromtheirhomecountrytoanothertolivethereforever,thewordchangesfromemigratetoimmigrateintheEnglishlanguage.”可知選D.3.B寫作目的題。根據(jù)第三段中“Andcanthisprocessoffindingouttherelationshipsbetweenwordsandlearningtheminagrouporgroupsbeawayforyoutolearnthelanguage?”可知，文章介紹了掌握單詞之間的關(guān)系可以成為學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種方式。Passage4(2022四川瀘州)March21isWorldSleepDay.Herearesomefactsaboutsleep.SleepatadvisedtimesIn2021,theMinistryofEducation(MOE)advisedthatjuniorandseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotobedbefore10pmand11pmrespectively(分別地)．Howdoastronautssleep?JustlikeonEarth,apersoninspacegoestobedatnightandthenwakesupthenextday.Butinspacethereisnoupordown,andyoudonotfeelthepullofgravity(重力).Asaresult,astronautsusuallysleepinfixedsleepingbags.EarwormshappenwhilesleepingSomepeopleenjoylisteningtomusicalot.Whilewe'reawake,themusicweknowwellkeepsringinginourears,whichiscalledearworms(耳蟲現(xiàn)象).Thiscanhappenduringsleepaswell,whichcouldcauseproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep.Sleepwithyourpet?Pets,likedogsandcats,donotsleepcontinuouslyandtheywilloftengetupandwalkonthebed,whichcanmakeyousleepevenworse.Butrecentstudiesfoundthathavingpetsinthebedmayhelppeoplewhoareoftenworried.Thepets,likesofttoys,canhelpcutdowntheirworry.SockscanhelpussleepStudieshaveshownthatwearingsockstobedcanhelpyoufallasleepfaster!Handsandfeethelpexchange(交換)heatbetweenthefarendsofthebodyandtheheart.Wearingsocksmeansanincreaseofbloodtoyourhandsandfeet,whichcutsdownyourcore(核心的)bodytemperature.Thelowerthecorebodytemperatureis,thefasteryoufallasleep.1.AccordingtoMOE,juniorhighschoolstudentsshould__________.A.gotobedbefore10pmB.gotobedbefore11pmC.sleepatleast10hoursadayD.sleepatleast11hoursaday2.Whydoastronautssleepinfixedsleepingbags?A.Becausethereisnobedinthespacestation.B.Becausethereisnopullofgravityinspace.C.Becausesleepingbagsarecomfortable.D.Becausethespaceshipistoosmall.3.Accordingtothepassage,earwormscan__________.A.bebadforsleepqualityB.improvemusicabilityC.helppeoplefallasleepquicklyD.appearonlyduringtheday4.Howdoeswearingsockshelpussleep?A.Bymakingfeetwarmerthanhands.B.Byincreasingbloodtohandsandfeet.C.Bymakingcorebodytemperaturehigher.D.Byexchangingheatbetweenhandsandfeet.5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsleepistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.WorldSleepDayfallsinthefifthmontheachyear.B.Thesleepingbagisthebestchoiceforsleep.C.Sleepingwithpetshelpsworriedpeople.D.Musiccanhelppeoplesleeplonger.答案:語篇解讀本文主要介紹了關(guān)于睡眠的一些事實(shí)。子主題為“健康、文明的行為習(xí)慣與生活方式”。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“juniorandseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotobedbefore10pm...”可知初中生晚上10點(diǎn)前要睡覺。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“youdonotfeelthepullofgravity.Asaresult,astronautsusuallysleepinfixedsleepingbags”可知太空中沒有重力，所以宇航員睡在睡袋里。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thiscanhappenduringsleepaswell,whichcouldcauseproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep.”可知耳蟲現(xiàn)象會造成睡眠問題，所以對睡眠質(zhì)量有不好的影響。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wearingsocksmeansanincreaseofbloodtoyourhandsandfeet...thefasteryoufallasleep.”可知穿襪子意味著流向手腳的血液增加，這會降低核心體溫，核心體溫越低，就人睡越快。5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butrecentstudiesfoundthathavingpetsinthebedmayhelppeoplewhoareoftenworried.”可知和寵物睡覺可能會幫助那些經(jīng)常擔(dān)心的人。Passage5(2022山東泰安)Countingthehairsonyourheadwouldbeverydifficult.Manyhavetried,butmostpeoplegiveupafterlosingcountorgettingbored!However,scientistssaypeoplehavemorethan100,000hairsontheirheadsonaverage.Ofcourse,thisnumberisdifferentfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplehavemuchmorehairthanothers.Whatcauseshairloss?Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.Italsorunsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowolder.Toavoidlosinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyandcondition(養(yǎng)護(hù))yourhairtohelpkeepyourhairhealthy.It'salsoimportanttobegentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair.Hairlossisnotthesameasdailyshedding(脫落)．Peopleloseanaverageof50to100hairsaday.It'snormal.Ifyouarelosingmorehairthanaverage,talktotheadultsyoutrust.Theycanhelpyoudecidewhethertoaskadoctorforhelp.Whydohumanshavehairontheirheads?Mostothermammals(哺乳動物)havethickfur(毛)coveringtheirwholebodies.Whilehumansgrowsmallandfine(細(xì)微的)hairsonmuchoftheirskin,it'smuchthickeronthetopofthehead.Scientistssaytheanswerscomedowntoevolution.Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausetheyhavemoresweatglands(汗腺)thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.Therefore,thetopoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromthesun.Thisiswhypeoplehavemorehairontheirheadsthanontherestoftheirbodies.Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweatherandkeepahealthybodytemperature.1.HowmanyreasonsforhairlossarementionedinParagraph2?A.3.-B.4.-C.5.-D.6.2.Youcantakethefollowingmeasures(措施)toavoidlosinghairexcept__________.A.wearingahatallthetimeB.washingyourhaircorrectlyC.brushingorcombinghairgentlyD.conditioningyourhair3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolution"meaninthelastparagraph?A.進(jìn)化B.發(fā)育C.天生D.訓(xùn)練4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Ingeneral,it'seasierforyoungpeopletolosehairthanoldpeople.B.Thehaironhumanheadshelpskeepheatincoldweather.C.Ifyoulose50to100hairseveryday,youmustaskadoctorforhelp.D.Allthemammalshavethickfurcoveringtheirwholebodiesbecausetheyhavenosweatglands.答案:語篇解讀本文介紹了人類頭發(fā)的數(shù)量、掉頭發(fā)的原因、避免脫發(fā)的方法以及人類長頭發(fā)的原因。子主題為“健康、文明的行為習(xí)慣與生活方式”。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知一共提到5個原因：stress,illness,styling,runsinfamilies,growolder.2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，沒有提到wearingahatallthetime,故選A.3.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的內(nèi)容可知，科學(xué)家說人類比其他哺乳動物有更多的汗腺，導(dǎo)致人類身上沒有毛，但是由于直立行走需要保護(hù)頭部，故長了很多頭發(fā)，推斷這是進(jìn)化的結(jié)果。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweather可知B項(xiàng)正確。Passage6(2022廣東廣州)TheWorldofOrienteeringImagineyouareinanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytellyoutogostraight,turnleft,andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofindyourwaywithaphone.Nowimagineyouareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamapandacompass,andinsteadofrunningdownacityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundinthewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.Welcometoorienteering!Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.Thesestationsarecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.Controlsarenoteasytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmostofthegames,you'llhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucanchangetheorder.Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayersmustfindallthecontrolstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon'thavethatmarkontheircards.Theymightcrossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwithafullcardwillwinthegame.1.Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?A.Amap,acompassandaflag.B.Aflag,acompassandacard.C.Acompass,amapandacard.D.Aphone,acompassandamap.2.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?A.Youdon'tneedtomarkthecards.B.Youcan'tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.C.Youhave.tofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.D.Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.3.HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.答案:語篇解讀本文介紹了定向越野比賽及其規(guī)則。子主題為“運(yùn)動與游戲，安全與防護(hù)”。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，地圖和指南針是參賽者必須使用的。第三段第一句說“在每個控制點(diǎn)，參賽者會在他們隨身攜帶的卡片上做標(biāo)記”。因此，卡片也是必須隨身攜帶的。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，參賽者必須找到全部控制點(diǎn)才能贏得比賽。3.B圖文理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，只有經(jīng)過控制點(diǎn)，卡片上才會被標(biāo)記上不同的記號。圖片中共有10個小格子被標(biāo)上了標(biāo)記，說明Anna通過了10個控制點(diǎn)。人與自我－做人與做事Passage7(2022浙江湖州)①Therearelotsofthingsthatcausestress(壓力)inourlives,suchasschoolproblems,argumentswithfriendsandsometimesbadfeelingsaboutourselves.Weallexperiencestressattimes,butit'simportanttomanageitproperlyandreduce(減少)itsinfluence.Herearesomehelpfultipsfordealingwithstress.②Sometimeswefeelstressedwithoutunderstandingthereason.Sowheneveryou'restressed,youshouldstopandthink.Whatisreallyhappening?Howcanyouimprovethesituation?Trykeepingadiaryaboutyourproblemsandthepossiblecauses.③DoyoualwayswaituntilSundayeveningtodohomework?Thisbadhabitcancause“l(fā)ast-minute”stress,aswellaspoorgrades.Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.Planyourstudiesandotheractivitieswithacalendar.Youcanalsodividebigprojectsintosmallertasks.Inthisway,you'llalwaysknowhowmuchtimeyoureallyhave.④Besides,healthyhabitsareveryimportantforreducingstress.Besuretoeathealthymealsandgetatleasteighthoursofsleep.Avoidcheckingyourmobilephoneorusingthecomputerbeforebedtime.Itwillkeepyouawake!⑤Whenyou'refeelingstressed,it'shelpfultospeaktosomeonewhounderstandsyoursituation,suchasyourfriendsandfamily.Sometimesit'senoughtotalkaboutyourproblemsandshareyourfeelings.Othertimes,however,youmightneedadviceorsuggestions.Don'tkeepyourworriestoyourself.⑥Finally,relaxationisimportant.Findsomefreetimeforactivitiesthatyouenjoy,suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample,seeingafilmorhangingoutafter5days'studycouldbeagoodchoice.Ifyoufindsometimetorelaxandenjoyyourself,you'llfeelrefreshed,havemoreenergy,andreduceyourlevelofstress.1.WhatadvicedoesthewritergivetoreducestressinParagraph3?A.Stopandthink.-B.Manageyourtime.-C.Watchyourhealth.-D.Reachoutforhelp.2.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph6?A.Bytellingstories.-B.Bylistingnumbers.-C.Byaskingquestions.-D.Bygivingexamples.3.Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?ABCD答案:語篇解讀文章介紹了緩解壓力的幾個好辦法。子主題為“自我認(rèn)識，自我管理，自我提升”。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.”可知，作者的建議是管理好時間。2.D寫作手法題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Forexample”可知，作者通過舉例闡述本段。3.A文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段是總起，先提出了壓力大的問題，再提出有幾個好建議。第二、三、四、五、六段分別提出了不同的建議，并且用besides,finally等詞銜接，證明它們之間是并列關(guān)系，所以本文是“總一分”結(jié)構(gòu)。Passage8(2022河北)1.Howcanyouinterestyourlistenersatthebeginning?A.Bylistingyourideas.B.Bytellingafunnystory.C.Bystandingupstraight.D.Bysayingsimplewords.2.Whichisthe“bigday”accordingtothetext?A.Thedayyoupreparevideos.B.Thedayyougetsomeadvice.C.Thedayyouvisityourfriends.D.Thedayyoumakeapresentation.3.Whatisthegoodwaytoendyourpresentation?A.Torepeattopics.B.Toshowthanks.C.Tomakesuggestions.D.Tosharemainideas.4.Whichquestioncouldbesthelpusfindoutthewriter'spurpose?A.Didthewritertrytoteachusskills?B.Didthewriterhelpusunderstandideas?C.Didthewriterinviteustoattendacourse?D.Didthewriteraskustobepoliteinpublic?答案:語篇解讀本文介紹展示的重要性以及如何在觀眾面前展示。子主題為“自我認(rèn)識，自我管理，自我提升”。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由原文中＂Thebeginningofyourpresentationshouldbeinteresting.Forexample,youcantellashort,funnystorytomakepeoplelaugh.”可知，在開頭可以講一個有趣的故事來使聽眾感興趣。2.D詞義理解題。由原文中“Youneedtopracticemanytimesbeforethe'bigday'.”可推知，“bigday”就是你展示的那一天。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由原文中“Finally,besuretothankyouraudience...butgoodwaytoendanypresentation.”可知，最好的結(jié)束方式是表示感謝。4.A寫作目的題。本文開頭介紹了展示的重要性，然后分四個步驟教給我們展示的技能。所以，作者的目的是盡力教給我們展示的技能。人與社會－歷史、社會與文化Passage1(2022新疆)WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather'sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood(成年).Womenwouldgettheircurtesynamesaftergettingengaged.One'scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone'sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean“carriage(馬車)”.ZhugeLiang'sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.1.Howmanypartsarethereinpeople'snamesinancientChina?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A.名B.姓氏C.字D.昵稱3.Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?A.Toshowtheirlove.B.Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C.Toshowtheirkindness.D.Toshowtheirrespect.4.Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?A.Familyname.B.Nickname.C.Givenname.D.Courtesyname.5.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThefamouspoetLiBai.B.Threepartsofancientnames.C.Theancientnamesandthemodernnames.D.Thedevelopmentofnames.答案:語篇解讀本文介紹了古代中國人名字的三個部分。子主題為“跨文化溝通與交流，語言與文化”。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中“InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts”可知，古代中國人的名字有三部分。2.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容結(jié)合語文常識可知，李白姓李，名白，字太白。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.”可知，互相稱呼字是為了表示尊重。4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中“ifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeused”可知，長輩會叫晚輩的名。5.B主旨大意題。本文介紹了古代中國人名字的三個部分，包括人們互相稱呼的習(xí)慣，以及取“字”時的一些原則。Passage2(2022天津)Teaandcoffeearetwoofthemostpopulardrinksintheworld.However,peopleusuallylikeonemorethantheother.Thesedrinksalsohaveverydifferentuses.TeadrinkingstartedinChinaabout5,000yearsago.Teaismadefromleaves.Thesedays,somepeopledrinkteaforhealth,usingittohelpwithstress(壓力)orlosingweight.However,mostpeopleintea-drinkingcountriesthinkofteaasmorethanjustahealthydrink.Infact,teadrinkinginsomecountriesisapartoftheculture.InTurkey(土耳其),teaisalwaystherewhenpeoplemeet.Whetherinsomeone'shomeoracompany,teaisalwaysofferedasawayofwelcoming.IntheUK,homesandofficesusuallyhaveteatime.Teaandotherdishesareservedatteatimeintheafternoon.Itisawayofrelaxingwithfriendsorco-workers(同事).Coffeecamemuchlaterthantea,justover1,000yearsago.Coffeeismadefrombeans.Somethinginthecoffeebeansmakesapersonfeelactive.Mostpeopledonotdrinkcoffeetorelax.Instead,theydrinkcoffeetogetgoing.Manypeopledrinkcoffeeinthemorningtohelpthemwakeup.Otherswillalsodrinkcoffeeduringshortbreaksintheafternoontokeepgoingthroughtheworkingday.Somepeoplemayvisitcoffeeshopsjusttomeetandtalkwithfriends.However,manypeopleincoffeeshopsdrinkcoffeewhileworkingontheircomputers.Isteaorcoffeemorecommoninyourcountry?Betweenthetwo,whichdoyouliketodrinkmore?1.Wheredidteadrinkingstart?A.InJapan.B.InChina.C.InTurkey.D.IntheUK.2.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatpeopleintheUK__________.A.drinkteatogetfatB.offerteatosaygoodbyeC.thinkofteaasabaddrinkD.haveteatorelaxthemselves3.Whatiscoffeemadefrom?A.Leaves.B.Sugar.C.Dishes.D.Beans.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Coffeecamemuchearlierthantea.B.Manypeopledrinkcoffeetowakeup.C.Manypeopleworkontheircomputersincoffeeshops.D.Somepeoplemeetandtalkwithfriendsincoffeeshops.5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheSmellsofTeaandCoffeeB.ThePricesofTeaandCoffeeC.TheDifferentCulturesofTeaandCoffeeD.TheDifferentWaysofMakingTeaandCoffee答案:語篇解讀本文主要介紹了喝茶和喝咖啡的不同文化。子主題為“跨文化溝通與交流，語言與文化”。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TeadrinkingstartedinChina”可知選B.2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中最后三句可知選D.3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Coffeeismadefrombeans.”可知選D.4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Coffeecamemuchlaterthantea,justover1,000yearsago.”可知A項(xiàng)與事實(shí)相反，故A項(xiàng)錯誤，故選A.5.C最佳標(biāo)題題。本文是總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段總寫茶和咖啡有不同的用途；第二段和第三段分別介紹茶文化和咖啡文化；最后一段呼應(yīng)首段。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)可知選C.Passage3(2022江西)Indonesianslovetocelebrate.Theybelievethatcelebratingandeatingtogetherbringsgoodluck.Let'spartyIndonesia-style.WouldyoubesurprisedtofindaNewYear'sDayinMarch?IndonesiansontheislandofBaliaregettingreadytoringinNyepi,theirNewYear.ItfallsinMarchorAprilonthenightofthenewmoonandisasymbolofafreshstartforthepeopleandtheislandofBali.OntheeveofNyepi,familiesandfriendsgettogetherinthemarket.Theycarryahugemonsterwhichismadeofwoodandothermaterialsaroundthevillagethreetimes.Afterthat,peoplesetitonfire,hopingtodriveoutevil(邪惡的)spirits.AfterNyepi,aTurunTanahceremonybeginsinhonorofachild'sfirststeps.AttheTurunTanah,parentsinvitefriendsandfamilytoapartytointroducethebaby.Theyputdifferentobjectssuchasabracelet(手鐲),pen,mirrorortoycomputeraroundtheirbaby.Ifthebabypicksupapen,heorshemaybeawriter.Achildwhopicksupagoldbraceletmayberich.WhileTurunTanahcelebratesthefutureofafamily,Galungancelebratesitsbamboopolespast.Ancestorswhohavediedreturn'home'duringthisten-daycelebration.Andlivingrelativesdotheirbesttomakethemhappy.Tallbamboopoleslinethestreet.Peopleattendtheceremoniesandvisittheirfamilyandvillagetemples.Actorsanddancersgiveperformancesthattellstoriesofgoodfightingagainstevil.Ayearoffestivalshascometoanend.Don'tworry:nextyear,Indonesiawillbebuzzing(發(fā)出嗡嗡聲)againwithcelebrations,sowelcometotheparty!1.What'sthetheme(主題)ofthepassage?A.Celebrations.B.Feelings.C.Family.D.Health.2.WhatdopeopledoduringGalungan?Checkandchoosetherightanswer.①Watchperformances.②Discussnewbabies'future.③Visittheirfamilyandvillagetemples.④Putthebamboopolesalongthestreet.⑤Carryahugemonsteraroundthevillage.A.①②⑤-B.①③④-C.②③④-D.③④⑤3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thebabywhopick