中考二輪復習重點語法精講精練專項九+主從復合句課件

2024河北中考二輪復習重點語法精講精練專項九

主從復合句考點突破2024備考提能訓練命題點一

賓語從句1.賓語從句的構成規(guī)則及用法要素用法例句引導詞從屬連詞that本身無詞義，在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用，在口語中that可省略He

said

（that）

he

would

go

to

the

seaside.他說他要去海邊。從屬連詞if或whether意為“是否”，不作句子成分，不可省略，句尾有or

not時用whetherHe

hasn't

decided

if

he'll

go

on

a

trip

to

Zhejiang.他還沒決定是否去浙江旅行。要素用法例句引導詞連接代詞（what/who/whose/whom/which等）在從句中作一定成分，如：作主語、賓語、定語等Do

you

know

who

he

is?你知道他是誰嗎?連接副詞（where/when/why/how等）在從句中作狀語She

asked

me

where

I

bought

the

book.她問我在哪里買的這本書。續(xù)表要素用法例句時態(tài)需要性原則：主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用所需要的時態(tài)I

don't

know

when

he

will

come

back.我不知道他將何時回來。呼應性原則：主句為一般過去時，從句相應地用過去的某種時態(tài)The

children

didn't

know

who

he

was.孩子們不知道他是誰。特殊性原則：如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理和普遍事實，則不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

goes

around

the

sun.老師說地球圍繞著太陽轉。語序陳述句語序，即主語+謂語+其他Do

you

know

where

I

can

get

some

postcards?你知道我能從哪里得到一些明信片嗎?續(xù)表2.否定前移：當主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose等時，要將賓語從句的否定詞轉移到前面的主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式，而賓語從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。如：I

don't

think

he

will

come

with

you.我認為他不會和你一起來。1.（2020河北）My

cousin

will

drive

me

to

school

today，but

I

don't

know

___.CA.what

he'll

do

B.where

he'll

go

C.when

we'll

leave

D.why

we'll

go

there2.（2018河北）—Hi，Ken.Did

Mrs.Zhang

tell

us

___?—Yes.She

said

we

should

meet

there

at

nine.CA.which

was

the

way

to

the

station

B.why

we

should

meet

at

the

stationC.when

we

should

get

to

the

station

D.who

we

should

meet

at

the

station3.（2023南京）I

can't

wait

to

know

___.Maybe

it

is

a

world

full

of

challenges.BA.what

is

senior

high

school

life

like

B.what

senior

high

school

life

is

likeC.what

was

senior

high

school

life

like

D.what

senior

high

school

life

was

like4.（2023孝感）—I

want

to

know

___.—Maybe

in

the

classroom.DA.when

will

we

buy

them

B.why

they

will

like

to

go

thereC.where

will

you

go

to

work

D.where

we

will

have

the

singing

training5.（2022北京）—Do

you

know

___the

new

national

park?—Yes，I

do.To

protect

wildlife

and

benefit

the

local

people.BA.why

did

China

set

up

B.why

China

set

upC.when

did

China

set

up

D.when

China

set

up6.（2023荊州）—What

did

the

shopkeeper

say

to

you?—She

asked

me

___.BA.when

did

the

shop

close

B.if

I

preferred

that

T-shirtC.what

else

I

will

buy

D.where

did

I

see

the

style7.（2023武漢）This

famous

saying

“When

I

walk

along

with

two

others，they

may

serve

me

as

my

teachers”

tells

us

___.BA.how

should

we

treat

people

B.who

we

can

learn

fromC.what

did

we

say

in

public

D.why

we

need

teachers8.（2023牡丹江改編）—Alice，I

wonder

___

you

won

the

tug-of-war（拔河比賽）

yesterday.—Yeah!We

pulled

together

and

made

it

in

the

end.CA.what

B.where

C.whether

D.how9.Alex

said

___

he

would

visit

his

uncle

in

the

countryside

next

weekend.AA.that

B.what

C.which

D.if10.（2023濱州）—Many

students

did

well

in

this

exam.I

wonder

___.—Through

their

own

efforts.DA.why

did

they

get

a

success

B.what

they

learned

from

itC.whether

they

tried

their

best

D.how

they

made

it

finally11.（2022廣元）—The

2022

Winter

Olympics

was

held

in

China.Do

you

know

___?—Yes.In

Beijing

and

Zhangjiakou.DA.when

it

was

held

B.when

was

it

heldC.which

cities

was

it

held

in

D.which

cities

it

was

held

in12.（2023無錫）—You

know

___?In

12

hours!—That's

crazy.How

is

it

even

possible?AA.how

soon

we

must

finish

the

task

B.how

often

we

must

finish

the

taskC.how

soon

must

we

finish

the

task

D.how

often

must

we

finish

the

task13.（2023綏化改編）She

said

that

the

earth

___

around

the

sun.BA.traveled

B.travels

C.travel

D.will

travel命題點二

狀語從句一、狀語從句的類別及連接詞1.時間狀語從句連接詞含義及用法例句before“在……之前”，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前She

always

washes

hands

before

she

has

meals.她總是在飯前洗手。after“在……之后”，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后He

became

a

doctor

after

he

graduated.他畢業(yè)后成為了一名醫(yī)生。連接詞含義及用法例句while“正當……時；與此同時”，表示主從句的動作同時進行，引導的從句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，且常用進行時My

mother

was

cooking

while

I

was

doing

my

homework.在我做作業(yè)時，我媽媽正在做飯。續(xù)表連接詞含義及用法例句when“當……時候”，表示主從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生，從句中的動詞可以用延續(xù)性動詞，也可以用終止性動詞①Li

Ming

was

reading

when

I

came

in.當我進來的時候，李明正在讀書。②When

the

lights

went

out，I

lit

some

candles.燈滅后，我點燃了一些蠟燭。as“當……時；一邊……一邊……”，表示主從句的動作同時發(fā)生或進行She

listened

to

the

radio

as

she

washed

the

clothes.她一邊洗衣服一邊聽收音機。續(xù)表連接詞含義及用法例句until主句是肯定式時，意為“直到……”，主句謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞Let's

wait

until

the

rain

stops.讓我們一直等到雨停的時候吧。主句是否定式時，常用not...until...，意為“直到……才……”，謂語動詞一般用非延續(xù)性動詞He

didn't

go

to

bed

until

his

mother

came

back.直到他媽媽回來，他才去睡覺。續(xù)表連接詞含義及用法例句since“自……以來”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時I

have

worked

in

this

company

since

I

graduated.自從我畢業(yè)，我一直在這家公司工作。as

soon

as“一……就……”，表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即發(fā)生。主句用一般將來時，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來I'll

tell

him

as

soon

as

he

comes

back.他一回來我就告訴他。續(xù)表2.條件狀語從句連接詞含義及用法例句if“如果”，主句為一般將來時，if引導的從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來If

it

doesn't

rain

tomorrow，we'll

go

to

the

park.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。unless“如果不，除非”，unless可轉化為if...not...結構。主從句時態(tài)與if用法一致Unless

it

rains，the

game

will

be

played.除非下雨，否則比賽照常進行。連接詞含義及用法例句as

long

as“只要”，主從句時態(tài)與if用法一致As

long

as

you

work

hard，you

will

make

great

progress.只要你努力，你就會取得很大的進步。in

case“如果，萬一”，主從句時態(tài)與if用法一致In

case

we

fail，we

won't

lose

heart.萬一我們失敗了，我們也不會失去信心。once“一旦，只要”，主從句時態(tài)與if用法一致Once

he

makes

up

his

mind，he

will

never

give

it

up.他一旦下定決心，就永遠不會放棄。續(xù)表3.目的狀語從句連接詞含義及用法例句so

that兩個連接詞都有“以便，為了”之意，引導的從句謂語中常含有may，can，could，would等情態(tài)動詞，多數(shù)情況可互換，但位于句首和逗號之后時，用in

order

that。當主從句主語一致時，in

order

that引導的從句可與in

order

to短語轉換①You'd

better

speak

louder

so

that/in

order

that

we

can

hear

you.你最好說話大聲一些，以便我們都能聽到。②He

gets

up

early

in

order

that

he

can

catch

the

first

bus.=He

gets

up

early

in

order

to

catch

the

first

bus.他起得很早，以便能趕上第一班公共汽車。in

order

that4.讓步狀語從句連接詞含義及用法例句though/although“雖然，盡管”，可與yet連用，不能與but連用，一般情況可以互換，但作正式用法時，常用although①They

are

generous

though

they

are

poor.雖然他們很窮，但他們很慷慨。②Although

it

was

late，they

were

still

working.雖然很晚了，但他們仍在工作。連接詞含義及用法例句even

though/even

if“盡管，即使”，不能與but連用We'll

make

a

trip

even

if/even

though

the

weather

is

bad.即使天氣不好，我們也要去旅行。whatever/whenever/however/wherever“無論什么／無論何時／無論怎樣／無論在哪里”，引導的從句可換成no

matter+相應的疑問詞（no

matter

what/when/how/where）Wherever

you

go，I

will

go

with

you.=No

matter

where

you

go，I

will

go

with

you.無論你去哪里，我都會和你一起去。續(xù)表5.原因狀語從句連接詞含義及用法例句because“因為”，表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語氣最強，回答由why引導的問句，不能和so同時使用I

didn't

go

to

your

party

because

my

mother

was

ill.因為我媽媽生病了，所以我沒有去參加你的聚會。連接詞含義及用法例句since“因為；既然”，語氣比because弱，表示對方已知或眾所周知的原因，通常放在句首Since

everyone

is

here，let's

begin

our

meeting.既然大家都來了，我們就開始開會吧。as“由于；因為”，語氣比since弱，所引出的原因在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯或已為聽話人所熟悉，引導的從句位于主句前后均可I

left

a

note

as

you

were

out.因為你不在，所以我留了一張便條。續(xù)表6.結果狀語從句連接詞含義及用法例句so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，so修飾的中心詞是形容詞或副詞，結構為“so+形容詞／副詞+that從句”，可以與“too...to...”結構互換；當名詞前有many，much，few，little

修飾時，用so，不用such，結構為“so

many/few+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+that從句”或“so

much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句”①He

was

so

tired

that

he

couldn't

go

any

farther.=He

was

too

tired

to

go

any

farther.他太累了，不能再走了。②We

have

so

much

time

that

we

can

finish

the

work

on

time.我們有如此多的時間，能讓我們按時完成工作。連接詞含義及用法例句such...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，such修飾的中心詞是名詞，結構為“such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that從句”或“such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞+that從句”They

are

such

interesting

books

that

we

all

enjoy

reading

them.這些書很有趣，我們都喜歡看。續(xù)表7.方式狀語從句連接詞含義例句as“按照……的方式”You

must

do

the

work

as

your

boss

told

you.你必須按照你的老板告訴你的方式做這項工作。as

if/

though“好像……；似乎……”I

still

remember

the

trip

to

Hangzhou

as

if

it

happened

yesterday.我仍然記得杭州之行，就好像發(fā)生在昨天一樣。二、狀語從句的時態(tài)

在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句和從句一般有以下兩種時態(tài)：1.“主將從現(xiàn)”：主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：I

will

go

swimming

as

soon

as

I

finish

my

homework.我一完成作業(yè)就去游泳。2.“主祈／情從現(xiàn)”：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動詞時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：①Please

let

me

know

if

he

comes

back.如果他回來了，請告知我。②If

you

feel

hungry，you

should

eat

something.如果你餓了，你該吃點東西。1.（2022河北）___

you

can

use

your

dictionary，you

will

learn

English

better.AA.If

B.Unless

C.Though

D.Before2.（2021河北）I

love

to

listen

to

rock

music

___

I

am

running.AA.while

B.after

C.since

D.until3.（2020河北）And

___

you

find

music

helpful，give

it

a

go.DA.before

B.until

C.since

D.if4.（2017河北）Mom

won't

let

Dick

go

out

___

he

promises

to

be

back

by

10：00

tonight.DA.if

B.when

C.since

D.unless5.（2023綏化）I

don't

know

if

it

____

sunny

tomorrow.If

it

________sunny，I

will

go

fishing.A.will

be；is

B.is；will

be

C.will

be；is

going

to

beA6.（2022龍東改編）The

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin

is

____

wonderful

movie

________

I

want

to

see

it

again.A.such

a；that

B.so；that

C.such

an；that

D.very；whatA7.（2023遂寧）The

city

Zibo

is

____

popular

________

many

people

want

to

go

there

for

a

trip

this

year.A.so；that

B.such；that

C.too；to

D.very；thatA8.（2023牡丹江改編）Zhang

Guimei

once

said，“___

I'm

alive，I

will

donate（獻身）

myself

to

teaching.”CA.Even

though

B.As

soon

as

C.As

long

as

D.So

that9.（2023瀘州）—Mum

is

too

busy

to

make

dinner

for

us.—Let's

do

it

ourselves，

___

we

shouldn't

depend

on

our

parents

too

much.BA.so

B.because

C.but

D.or10.（2023沈陽）“Post-2000s（00

后）”

have

begun

to

amaze

the

world

___

they

are

very

young.AA.though

B.if

C.unless

D.before11.（2023恩施州改編）—Miss

Wang，what's

the

most

important

thing

___

we

go

traveling?—You

should

make

a

plan

first.BA.while

B.before

C.after

D.unless12.（2023宿遷）Miss

Xu

goes

jogging

in

Huanghe

Park

every

morning

___

it

rains.AA.unless

B.till

C.since

D.as13.（2023重慶）They

have

been

friends

___

they

first

met.AA.since

B.while

C.before

D.after14.（2023徐州）Let's

take

the

simple

steps

today

___

we

will

save

the

world

for

our

grandsons

and

granddaughters

tomorrow.CA.unless

B.until

C.so

that

D.though命題點三

定語從句/關系從句

在復合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫作關系詞。1.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法關系詞用法例句關系代詞which指物，在從句中充當主語或賓語；作主語時不可省略，作賓語時可以省略Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的游戲。關系詞用法例句關系代詞that可指物，也可指人，在從句中充當主語或賓語。在從句中作主語時不可省略，作賓語時可以省略①A

plane

is

a

machine

that

can

fly.飛機是一個能飛的機器。（作主語，不可省略）②The

homework

（that）

I

finished

last

night

was

left

at

home.我昨晚寫完的作業(yè)落在家里了。（作賓語，可省略）續(xù)表關系詞用法例句關系代詞who指人，在從句中充當主語或賓語。作主語時不可省略，作賓語時可以省略The

boy

who

is

standing

over

there

is

Tom.站在那邊的男孩是湯姆。whom（課標未作要求）指人，在從句中充當賓語，可以省略，有時也可以用who替代This

is

our

English

teacher

whom

everybody

likes.這是我們大家都喜歡的英語老師。whose（課標未作要求）可指物，也可指人，在從句中充當定語This

is

my

deskmate

whose

father

works

in

a

factory.這是我的同桌，他的父親在一家工廠工作。續(xù)表關系詞用法例句關系副詞（課標未作要求）when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語We

will

never

forget

the

days

when

we

stayed

with

Mr.Smith.我們永遠不會忘記和史密斯先生在一起的日子。where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語This

is

the

classroom

where

we

study.這是我們學習的教室。why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語This

is

the

reason

why

I

didn't

attend

the

meeting

yesterday.這就是我昨天沒有參加會議的原因。續(xù)表2.關系代詞只能用that的情況（1）當先行詞是all，none，little，much，some，everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞或被其修飾時。如：Please

get

everything

ready

that

we

need.請準備好我們需要的一切。（2）當先行詞前面有

the

only，the

very，the

last，the

same等修飾詞時。如：He

is

the

only

person

that

I

want

to

see.他是我唯一想見的人。（3）當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：This

is

the

most

interesting

book

that

I

have

ever

read.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的書。（4）當先行詞既指人又指物時。如：They

talked

about

the

people

and

things

that

they

remembered

in

school.他們談論了他們在學校記得的人和事。（5）當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，為避免重復應用that。如：Who

is

the

person

that

is

standing

at

the

gate?那個站在門口的人是誰?3.關系代詞不能用that的情況（1）介詞之后不能用that。如：This

is

the

factory

in

which

we

once

worked.這就是我們曾經(jīng)工作過的工廠。（2）當先行詞本身為that/those時。如：You

must

find

out

those

which

may

be

ignored

by

us.你必須找到那些可能被我們忽視的東西。1.（2023十堰）I

will

remember

the

important

people

___

helped

and

supported

me

in

my

life.DA.which

B.whose

C.whom

D.who2.（2023吉林改編）The

students

are

reading

books

___

are

full

of

the

“red

spirit”

these

days.CA.who

B.where

C.which

D.whose3.（2023綏化改編）Mrs.Wang

is

an

English

teacher

___

makes

her

class

lively.CA.which

B.whose

C.who

D.what4.（2023營口）The

Aerospace

Square

___

was

completed

last

year

has

become

a

new

tourist

attraction.AA.which

B.who

C.whom

D.where5.（2023牡丹江改編）If

we

study

hard

with

big

dreams，there

is

nothing

___

can't

be

achieved.BA.who

B.that

C.whom

D.which單項選擇。1.（2023樂山改編）Guo

Moruo

is

a

famous

Chinese

writer

___

is

popular

around

the

world.CA.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that2.（2023株洲改編）Today's

China

is

a

country

___

keeps

to

its

national

character.CA.what

B.who

C.that

D.whom3.（2023岳陽改編）Lei

Feng

is

a

great

person

___

sets

a

good

example

to

us.AA.who

B.which

C.whose

D.what4.（2023達州改編）—The

Lifelong

Journey

is

one

of

the

most

touching

books

___

I

have

ever

read.—Yeah，the

book

is

fantastic

and

I

am

looking

forward

to

reading

it

again.AA.that

B.which

C.what

D.who5.（2023北京）—Lily，can

you

tell

me

___

during

the

Dragon

Boat

Festival

this

year?—Sure.We

ate

zongzi

and

watched

a

dragon

boat

race.BA.what

you

will

do

B.what

you

did

C.what

will

you

do

D.what

did

you

do6.（2023長春）—I

wonder

___

this

evening.—What

about

the

Sports

Center?It's

big

and

clean.AA.where

we

can

play

basketball

B.when

we

can

play

basketballC.when

can

we

play

basketball

D.where

can

we

play

basketball7.（2023宿遷）—I

wonder

___.—My

best

friend

James.DA.how

can

you

spend

the

coming

summer

holidaysB.how

you

can

spend

the

coming

summer

holidaysC.who

will

you

spend

the

coming

summer

holidays

withD.who

you

will

spend

the

coming

summer

holidays

with8.（2023無錫）Hey，Aunt

Jenny!It's

you!I

didn't

expect

you

___

over.What

a

nice

surprise!CA.had

come

B.have

come

C.would

come

D.will

come9.（2023天津）—Do

you

remember

___?—Sure.On

the

evening

of

Labour

Day.CA.how

we

got

to

the

Jiefang

Bridge

B.how

did

we

get

to

the

Jiefang

BridgeC.when

the

Jiefang