英美文學(xué)史 重要作家作品

EnglishLiterature——ThebeginningperiodofEnglishliteratureChaucer,thefirstimportantwriterinEnglishhistoryBeowulf,themostimpressivelongpoeminOldEnglish,wascreatedaroundA.D.700;itisbelievedwrittenbyaDanishcleric.14thCEngland,threemajorpoets:GeoffreyChaucer,WilliamLangland,andtheanonymous“Gawain-poet”ChauceristhefatherofmodernEnglishpoetry.Hisfirstmajorwork:TheBookoftheDuchesshismonumentalsuccess:TheCanterburyTales（砍特博雷故事集）WilliamLangland,“PiersPlowman”SirGawainandtheGreenKnight,oneofthemostoutstandingpoemsinmedievalEnglishliterature,wasnotfocusingonrealhumanlifeandcharacter.——Thegloryofpoetry:FromSidneytoPopeFivegreatpoets:Shakespeare,Spenser,Sidney,Donne,MiltonPhilipSidney(菲利普·西德尼),bestrepresentedthespiritoftheElizabethAge.Thefamouswords:”Thyneedisgreaterthanmine.”Hismajorachievementasapoet:AstrophelandStellaOthers:DefenseofPoetry(詩辯),AnApologyforPoetryEdmundSpencer(斯賓塞):TheFaerieQueen(仙后),hisgreatallegoryTheShepheardesCalendar(牧羊人的日記)Amoretti(愛情小詩)Shakespeare:Sonnets---representthefinestpoeticcraftsmanshipofElizabethanpoetry.HewasthemostdistinguishedpractitioneroftheEnglishsonnetduringtheElizabethanAge.JohnDonne(多恩)---ametaphysicalpoet(玄學(xué)派);HolySonnetsOthermetaphysicalpoetsofhistime:GeorgeHerbert,RichardCrashaw,HenryVaughanJohnMilton(彌爾頓):ParadiseLostishismasterpieceandoneofthegreatestpoemsinworldliterature.ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes(drama)JohnDryden(德萊頓)asapoet---theneoclassicists(新古典主義)AlexanderPope(亞歷山大·薄柏):HebroughttheheroiccoupletHisfirstimportantpoem,AnEssayonCriticismHismostfamouspoem,TheRapeoftheLock——ThegoldenageofEnglishdramaTheElizabethanAgeistheageofsonnets,andtheageofdrama.ChristopherMarlowe(克里斯托弗·馬洛),heisthemostoutstandingdramatistamongthegroup“UniversityWits”.HeisacknowledgedasthegreatesttragedywriterbeforeWilliamShakespeare.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorEaustus(浮士德醫(yī)生)TheJewofMalta(馬耳他島的猶太人)WilliamShakespeare’sdramaticcareercanbedividedintofourperiodsBenJonson:VolponeortheFox,TheAlchemistJohnWebster:TheWhiteDevilandTheDuchessofMalfi——ThebeautyofProse:FromMalorytoPepysKingAlfred’sAngloSaxonChronicle(編年史)isconsideredthebeginningofEnglishprose.ThomasMalory:LeMorteD’Arthur---alandmarkachievementinthisfield17th.C,greatprosewriters:FrancisBacon,ThomasBrowne,SamuelPepysMilton’sAreopagitica(為英國人民申辯);TheBibleofKingJamesVersion---thenoblestmonumentofFrancisBacon:Essays---hebecamethefirstEnglish“essayist”——TheriseofthenovelPamela(帕米拉),thefirstmatureEnglishnovel----Englishnovelsbefore18thCJohnBunyan(班揚):masterpiece,ThePilgrim’sProgress(天路歷程)——Socialimagesin19thCEnglishnovelsCharlesJohnHuffamDickens(狄更斯):PickwickPapers(匹克威克外傳)OliverTwist(霧都孤兒);DavidCopperfield(大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾)TheOldCuriosityShop(老古玩店);DombeyandSon(董貝父子)BleakHouse(荒涼山莊);HardTimes(艱難時事)LittleDorritt(小杜麗);ATaleofTwoCites(雙城記)GreatExpectations(遠大前程)WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(薩克雷):VanityFair(名利場)ThomasHardy(托馬斯·哈代):TessoftheD’Urbervilles(德伯家的苔絲)JudetheObscure(無名的裘德)FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(遠離塵囂)TheReturnoftheNative(還鄉(xiāng))——Englishprosein18thCand19thC----18th.CproseSamuelJohnson---hisdeathmarkedtheendoftheAgeofReasonLifeofJohnsonTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryThomasCarlyle(卡萊爾):TheFrenchRevolutionPastandPresent——VariousMoodsin19th.CEnglishpoetryAlfred,LordTennyson---themostprolificpoetoftheageInMemoriam;IdyllsoftheKingRobertBrowning:TheRingandtheBook---masterpieceDramatisPersonaeDramaticMonologue(戲劇獨白)——Majornovelistsinthelate19thand20thCJosephConrad(康拉德)---p329JohnGalsworthy(高爾斯華)---p335NobelPrizeH.G.(HerbertGeorge)Wells(威爾斯):TheTimeMachine(時間機器)TheInvisibleMan(隱身人)TheWaroftheWorldsAModernUtopia——ThestreamofconsciousnessnovelsVirginiaWoolf(沃爾夫):Mrs.Dalloway(達洛衛(wèi)夫人)TotheLighthouseOrlando,ABiography(奧蘭多傳)TheWaves(浪)JamesJoyce(喬伊斯):Ulysses(尤利西斯)APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(一個青年藝術(shù)家的肖像)FinnegansWake——Thenewpoetryin20thCWilliamButlerYeats(威廉·巴特勒·葉芝)---p372NobelPrizeT.S.Eliot---themostinfluentialpoetofthe20thCTheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock---oneofhismostfamouspoemsTheWasteLand(荒原)---hismonumentalsuccessMurderintheCathedral(大教堂兇殺案)TheCocktailParty---dramaHewontheNobelPrizein1948——20thCnovelsbefore1950DavidHerbertLawrence(勞倫斯):SonsandLovers(兒子與情人)TheRainbowWomeninLoveWilliamSomersetMaugham:OfHumanBondageTheMoonandSixpenceCakesandAleTheRazor’sEdgeKatherineMansfield:TheGardenPartyandOtherStoriesGeorgeOrwell(喬治·奧威爾):AnimalFarm(動物莊園)NineteenEight-four(一九八四)——DespairandAbsurdityincontemporaryEnglishdramaJohnOsborne(約翰·奧斯朋):LookBackinAnger(憤怒中回顧)SamuelBeckett(賽繆爾·貝克特)---aforerunnerofthetheateroftheabsurdWaitingforGodot(等待戈多)NobelPrizein1969——DiversifiedtopicsincontemporaryEnglishnovelsWilliamGolding(戈爾丁):LordoftheFlies(蠅王)TheInheritors(繼承人)HewontheNobelPrizein1983KingsleyAmis(艾米斯·金斯利):LuckyJim(幸運的吉姆)UndertheNet(網(wǎng)之下)DorisLessing:TheGoldenNotebook(金色筆記)ShewontheNobelPrizein2007AmericanLiterature——AmericanRomanticismAmericanliteratureachievedmaturityinthe19thC.----EarlyRomanticismWashingtonIrving(華盛頓·歐文):RipVanWinkle---p73JamesFenimoreCooper(詹姆斯·費尼莫爾·庫柏):theseriesiffivenovelsTheDeerslayer(殺鹿人);TheLastoftheMohicans(最后的莫希干人);ThePathfinder(探路者);ThePioneers(拓荒者);ThePrairie(草原)----TranscendentalismandSymbolicRepresentationRalphWaldoEmerson(拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生)---themostrepresentativeTranscendentalist---p88Nature;TheAmericanScholarHenryDavidThoreau(亨利·戴維·梭羅):WaldenTheessay“CivilDisobedience”----InterrogationInnocenceNathanielHawthorne(納撒尼爾·霍桑):TheScarletLetter---thefirstgreatAmericannovelHermanMelville(赫爾曼·梅爾維爾):Moby-Dick(白鯨)EdgarAllanPoe(愛倫·坡)---p114----WhitmanandDickinsonWaltWhitman(沃爾特·惠特曼):LeavesofGrass(草葉集)EmilyDickinson---p127----AHouseDivided:WritingagainstslaveryHarrietBeecherStowe:UncleTom’sCabin(湯姆叔叔的小屋)FrederickDouglass:NarrativeoftheLifeofFrederickDouglass,anAmericanSlave——AmericanRealism----RegionalandLocalcolorwritingsMarkTwain(馬克·吐溫)---thegreatesthumoristinthe19thCTheGildedAge(鍍金時代)TheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnHenryJames---p155----LiteraryNaturalismStephenCrane:Maggie;TheRedBadgeofCourage----womenwritinginthewomenquestionKateChopin:TheAwakening(覺醒)---p176——AmericanModernism----TheevolutionofmodernismWillaCather(薇拉·凱瑟)---p203----AmericanmodernisminEuropeEzraPound(埃茲拉·龐德):Cantos(詩章);Personae(人物)----ModernfictionbetweenthewarsWilliamFaulkner(威廉·弗克那):TheSoundandtheFury(喧囂與騷動)LightinAugust(八月之光)Godown,MosesHewontheNobelPrizein1949---p225ErnestHemingway(海明威):TheOldManandSea(老人與海)TheSunAlsoRises(太陽照樣升起)HewontheNobelPrizein1954---p234F.ScottFitzgerald(弗·斯哥特·菲茨杰拉德):TheGreatGatsby(了不起的蓋茨比);TenderistheNight(夜色溫柔)----ModernAmericanPoetryT.S.Eliot(艾略特)---p247WilliamCarolsWilliams(威廉姆斯):TheRedWheelbarrow(手推車)PatersonE.E.Cummings(肯明斯):Him;SantaClaus;AMorality----AfricanAmericanliteratureandmodernismJeanToomer(圖默):Cane(公民凱恩)LangstonHughes(蘭斯頓·休斯):TheNegroSpeaksofRiversZoraNealeHurston(佐拉·尼爾·赫斯頓):TheirEyesWereWatchingGod(他們在觀望上帝)RichardWright(理查德·賴特):NativeSon(土生子)InvisibleMan(隱形人)TheManWhoLivedUnderground——Americanliteraturediversified:From1