“太空加油站”-變廢為寶助力星際探索

名師精講外刊“太空加油站”——變廢為寶助力星際探索'Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit名師精講外刊人類航空事業(yè)的發(fā)展越來越迅速了，但是太空垃圾的問題也受到很多人的關(guān)注。太空垃圾顧名思義就是太空中漂浮的垃圾，那么太空垃圾是由什么組成的？會帶來怎么樣的危害？目前人類提出了那些方案來解決此問題？一起來看今天的外刊文章。課前問題1.文中用了哪兩個詞來表示“推動力”？2.文末提到了哪三種處理太空垃圾的方式？導(dǎo)讀名師精講外刊‘Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit【基礎(chǔ)解析】fueln.燃料【釋】anymaterialthatproducesheatorpower,usuallywhenitisburnt【例】Hisremarkssimplyaddedfueltothefire/flamesofherrage.他的話只是給她的憤怒火上澆油。v.增加；加強；刺激【釋】toincreasesth;tomakesthstronger【例】Theresultwillinevitablyfuelspeculationabouttheprimeminister'sfuture.該結(jié)果將不可避免地加劇人們對首相前途的猜測。名師精講外刊‘Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit【基礎(chǔ)解析】orbitn.（天體等運行的）軌道【釋】acurvedpathfollowedbyaplanetoranobjectasitmovesaroundanotherplanet,star,moon,etc.【例】theearth'sorbitaroundthesun地球環(huán)繞太陽的軌道v.沿軌道運行；圍繞……運動【釋】Ifsomethingsuchasasatelliteorbitsaplanet,moon,orsun,itmovesarounditinacontinuous,curvingpath.Australiancompanyjoinsglobalefforttorecycledangerousspacedebris【基礎(chǔ)解析】debrisn.1)殘渣；垃圾；廢棄物【釋】piecesofmaterialthatarenotwantedandrubbish/garbagethatareleftsomewhere【例】Clearawayleavesandothergardendebrisfromthepond.把池塘里的樹葉和其他庭園垃圾清除干凈。2)殘??；碎片；破片【釋】piecesofwood,metal,brick,etc.thatareleftaftersthhasbeendestroyed【例】Emergencyteamsarestillclearingthedebrisfromtheplanecrash.各搶救小組仍在清理失事飛機的殘骸。精講試聽結(jié)束AnAustraliancompanyispartofaninternationalefforttorecycledangerousspacejunkintorocketfuel-inspace.Theorbitourplanetdependsonisgettingcloggedwithdebrisfromoldspacecraft.【基礎(chǔ)解析】clogv.（使）阻塞，堵塞【釋】toblocksthortobecomeblocked【例】Thenarrowstreetswerecloggedwithtraffic.狹窄的街道上交通堵塞。Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【長難句分析】Deadsatellitesandspentrocketparts(主語)arewhizzingaround(謂語)atspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語).Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【基礎(chǔ)解析】whizzv.嗖嗖地移動；飛速行駛【釋】tomoveveryquickly,makingahighcontinuoussound【例】Abulletwhizzedpastmyear.一顆子彈嗖的一聲從我耳邊飛過。Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【基礎(chǔ)解析】posev.1)造成（威脅、問題等）；引起；產(chǎn)生【釋】tocreateathreat,problem,etc.thathastobedealtwith【例】toposeathreat/challenge/danger/risk構(gòu)成威脅/挑戰(zhàn)/危險/風(fēng)險2)提問；質(zhì)詢【釋】toaskaquestion,especiallyonethatneedsseriousthought【例】toposeaquestion提出問題Atthosespeeds,evenasmallscreworafleckofpaintposesarisktofacilitiessuchastheISS,aswellasthehumansinthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】facilityn.設(shè)施；設(shè)備【釋】buildings,services,equipment,etc.thatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose【例】sports/leisurefacilities體育/消閑設(shè)施Atthosespeeds,evenasmallscreworafleckofpaintposesarisktofacilitiessuchastheISS,aswellasthehumansinthem.【拓展延伸】1)facilitate/f??s?l?te?t/v.促使；使便利【例】Structuredteachingfacilitateslearning.有條理的教導(dǎo)有利于學(xué)習(xí)。2)關(guān)于“設(shè)備、設(shè)施”的單詞辨析：①equipment多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備，比如camping/officeequipment野營/辦公室設(shè)備；②facility用于某項活動的設(shè)備，比如sports/leisurefacilities體育/休閑設(shè)施；③apparatus尤作科學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)或技術(shù)等方面的用途的儀器，比如laboratoryapparatus實驗室儀器；④appliance多指家用電器，比如electrical/householdappliances電器/家用器具；⑤device指的是小巧的電子裝置或設(shè)備，比如mobiledevices移動設(shè)備；⑥amenity指便民設(shè)施，比如公共電話、公共廁所；⑦infrastructure指基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，比如水、電、道路、橋梁。Lastweekend,Russiafiredamissileanddestroyedoneofitsownsatellites,sendingdebrisflying.TheUnitedStatessaidthatdebrisnow"threatenstheinterestsofallnations".Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基礎(chǔ)解析】scenarion.設(shè)想；方案；預(yù)測【釋】adescriptionofhowthingsmighthappeninthefuture【例】Letmesuggestapossiblescenario.我來設(shè)想一種可能出現(xiàn)的情況。Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基礎(chǔ)解析】cascadev.傾瀉；流注【釋】toflowdownwardsinlargeamounts【例】Watercascadeddownthemountainside.水從山腰傾瀉而下。n.一連串【釋】alargenumberofthingsfallingorcomingquicklyatthesametime【例】Ifonefirmgoesunderitcouldprovokeacascadeofbankruptcies.如果一家公司倒閉，可能會引起一連串的破產(chǎn)。Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基礎(chǔ)解析】collisionn.碰撞（或相撞）事故【釋】anaccidentinwhichtwovehiclesorpeoplecrashintoeachother【例】acollisionbetweentwotrains兩列火車相撞事故Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【拓展延伸】collide/k??la?d/v.①碰撞；相撞【釋】Iftwopeople,vehicles,etc.collide,theycrashintoeachother;ifaperson,vehicle,etc.collideswithanother,orwithsththatisnotmoving,theycrashintoit.【例】Thecarcollidedhead-onwiththevan.那輛小轎車與貨車迎面相撞。②嚴重不一致；沖突；抵觸【釋】todisagreestrongly【例】Theyregularlycollideoverpolicydecisions.他們經(jīng)常在政策決策上發(fā)生沖突。SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【長難句分析】SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpace(主語)hasdeveloped(謂語)an"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"(賓語)thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbit(定語從句，修飾system)toextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem(todo不定式作目的狀語).SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】propulsionn.推動力；推進【釋】theforcethatdrivessthforward【例】wind/steam/jetpropulsion風(fēng)力/蒸汽/噴氣推進SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【拓展延伸】1)propel/pr??pel/v.驅(qū)使；迫使【釋】toforcesbtomoveinaparticulardirectionortogetintoaparticularsituation【例】Furypropelledherintoaction.怒火驅(qū)使她行動起來。2)compel/k?m?pel/v.強迫；迫使；使必須【釋】toforcesbtodosth;tomakesthnecessary【例】Thelawcancompelfatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.這項法律可強制父親定期支付子女的費用。NowNeumannisworkingonaplanwiththreeothercompaniestoturnspacejunkintofuelforthatpropulsionsystem.Japanesestart-upAstroscalehasalreadydemonstratedhowitcanusesatellitestocapturebitsofdebrisinspace.【基礎(chǔ)解析】capturev.1)俘虜;捕獲【釋】Ifyoucapturesomeoneorsomething,youcatchthem,especiallyinawar.【例】Alliedtroopscapturedover300enemysoldiers.盟軍俘虜了300多名敵方士兵。2)引起（注意、想象、興趣）【釋】tomakesbinterestedinsth【例】Theyusepuppetstocapturetheimaginationofyoungeraudiences.他們用木偶來啟發(fā)小觀眾的想象力。3)（用圖畫、文章、電影等準確地）表達，刻畫，描述【釋】tosucceedinaccuratelyexpressingafeeling,anatmosphere,etc.inapicture,pieceofwriting,film/movie,etc.【例】Thearticlecapturedthemoodofthenation.這篇文章把國民的情緒把握得很準。Nanorocks,intheUS,isworkingonaplanusingadvancedroboticstostoreandcutupthatdebriswhileitisstillinorbit.AnotherUScompany,Cislunar,isdevelopingaspacefoundrytomeltdebrisintometalrods.AndNeumannSpace'spropulsionsystemcanusethosemetalrodsasfuel-theirsystemionisesthemetalwhichthencreatesthrusttomoveobjectsaroundorbit.【基礎(chǔ)解析】thrustn.（發(fā)動機推動飛機、火箭等的）推力，驅(qū)動力【釋】theforcethatisproducedbyanenginetopushaplane,rocket,etc.【例】Itprovidesthethrustthatmakesthecraftmoveforward.它提供了使飛機前進的推力。v.猛推；沖；搡；擠；塞【釋】topushsth/sbsuddenlyorviolentlyinaparticulardirection;tomovequicklyandsuddenlyinaparticulardirection【例】Shethrustpasthimangrilyandleft.她氣呼呼地從他身旁擠過去走了。ChiefexecutiveofficerHerveAstiersaidwhenNeumannwasapproachedtobepartofasupplychaintomeltmetalinspace,hethoughtitwasafuturisticplan,andwouldnotbe"aseasyasitlooks"."ButtheygotagrantfromNasasowebu