秒殺味蕾！甜甜圈的前世今生

名師精講外刊秒殺味蕾！甜甜圈的前世今生Doughnuts:Thefriedtreatthatconqueredthemodernworld名師精講外刊相比于在冷藏柜里正襟危坐的復雜甜點，甜甜圈顯然更加平易近人。美國人無疑是甜甜圈的頭號粉絲，他們擁有世界上最著名的兩大甜甜圈連鎖品牌DunkinDonuts和KrispyKreme。不過其實甜甜圈的發(fā)源地并非美國，而且它以前的樣子和現(xiàn)在也不同。現(xiàn)代的甜甜圈是如何演變的呢？它的背后有什么故事呢？讓我們跟著今天的外刊，開始今天的學習。課前問題1.“使某人望而卻步”用英語怎么說？2.“NewYork”之前叫什么名字？導讀名師精講外刊Doughnuts:Thefriedtreatthatconqueredthemodernworld【基礎(chǔ)解析】treatn.樂事；樂趣；款待【釋】somethingverypleasantandenjoyable,especiallysththatyougivesbordoforthem【例】Wetookthekidstothezooasaspecialtreat.作為特別的消遣，我們帶孩子們到動物園去。名師精講外刊Doughnuts:Thefriedtreatthatconqueredthemodernworld【基礎(chǔ)解析】conquerv.1)占領(lǐng)；攻克；征服【例】TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.諾曼人于1066年征服了英格蘭。2)（尤指比賽、賽跑等中）擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝【例】Theworldchampionconqueredyetanotherchallengerlastnight.昨晚，這位世界冠軍又戰(zhàn)勝了一名挑戰(zhàn)者。3)（成功地）對付，克服，控制【例】Theonlywaytoconquerafearistofaceit.克服恐懼的唯一方法是正視恐懼。4)在（某地）很受歡迎；在（某地）成功【例】Thebandisnowsettingouttoconquertheworld.這支樂隊現(xiàn)在要去征服世界。Thereisasoftplaceinmostheartsreservedfordoughnuts:thepillowytexture,thecrispjacketofglazing,thesweetnesssosweetitalmostcouldputyouoffdoughnuts,butneverdoes,oratleastnotforlong.Inbakeriesthewarmyellowglowoftrayupontrayofdoughnutshasgreetedmanyamorningcustomerandlightenedmanyaload.【基礎(chǔ)解析】texturen.1)質(zhì)地；手感【例】thesofttextureofvelvet天鵝絨柔軟的質(zhì)地2)口感【例】Thetwocheeseswereverydifferentinbothtasteandtexture.這兩種奶酪的味道和口感大不相同。名師精講外刊Thereisasoftplaceinmostheartsreservedfordoughnuts:thepillowytexture,thecrispjacketofglazing,thesweetnesssosweetitalmostcouldputyouoffdoughnuts,butneverdoes,oratleastnotforlong.Inbakeriesthewarmyellowglowoftrayupontrayofdoughnutshasgreetedmanyamorningcustomerandlightenedmanyaload.【基礎(chǔ)解析】putoff1)使……等待；把……搪塞過去【例】Theoldpriesttriedtoputthemoff,sayingthatthehourwaslate.那位老牧師試圖把他們搪塞過去，說時間太晚了。2)使反感；使對……失去興趣【例】Thehighdivorcefiguresdon'tseemtobeputtingpeopleoffmarriage.高離婚率好像并沒有使人們對婚姻望而卻步。3)使分心【例】Sheaskedmetobeserious-saiditputheroffifIlaughed.她要我嚴肅一點——說如果我大笑會讓她分心。名師精講外刊Readinghistoriesofthedoughnut,youmightbesurprisedtofindthattheconfectionhaslongbeentingedwithnationalism.AtthesametimethatthenewnationoftheUnitedStateswastryingtofinditsfootingintheworld,itsdenizensweretryingtofigureoutwhatwasessentialaboutit-aboutitsliterature,aboutitsnationalcharacter,aboutitsfood.【基礎(chǔ)解析】confectionn.甜食；甜品【釋】Youcanrefertoasweetfoodthatsomeonehasmadeasaconfection【例】aconfectionmadewithhoneyandnuts一種蜂蜜和堅果制成的甜食精講試聽結(jié)束Readinghistoriesofthedoughnut,youmightbesurprisedtofindthattheconfectionhaslongbeentingedwithnationalism.AtthesametimethatthenewnationoftheUnitedStateswastryingtofinditsfootingintheworld,itsdenizensweretryingtofigureoutwhatwasessentialaboutit-aboutitsliterature,aboutitsnationalcharacter,aboutitsfood.【基礎(chǔ)解析】betingedwithsth強烈地感到【釋】tofeelanemotionstrongly【例】Shewasstilltinglingwithexcitement.她仍然興奮不已。精講試聽結(jié)束Readinghistoriesofthedoughnut,youmightbesurprisedtofindthattheconfectionhaslongbeentingedwithnationalism.AtthesametimethatthenewnationoftheUnitedStateswastryingtofinditsfootingintheworld,itsdenizensweretryingtofigureoutwhatwasessentialaboutit-aboutitsliterature,aboutitsnationalcharacter,aboutitsfood.【基礎(chǔ)解析】denizenn.生活在特定地方的人（動物或植物）【釋】Adenizenofaparticularplaceisaperson,animal,orplantthatlivesorgrowsinthisplace.【例】Gannetsaredenizensoftheopenocean.塘鵝是棲息于大海的動物。BeforeNewYorkwasNewYork,ofcourse,itwasNewAmsterdam,andwritersoftenreflectedontheDutchcustomsofearliereraswithtreaclyfondness.Oneofthesecustomswasthemakingoffrieddoughballs,knownasoliekoecken,oroilcakes.Arecipeforthesetreatsappearsina17th-CenturyDutchcookbook:theyareleavenedwithyeastandstuddedwithdriedfruit.【基礎(chǔ)解析】NewYork紐約【知識拓展】紐約的歷史可以追溯至1624年，荷蘭殖民者在這時候在此地建立貿(mào)易站，名為新阿姆斯特丹。1664年，紐約及其周邊地區(qū)為英國所占，并改名為紐約。美國建國后，在1785-1790年為首都，1790年，紐約取代費城成為美國第一大城市。BeforeNewYorkwasNewYork,ofcourse,itwasNewAmsterdam,andwritersoftenreflectedontheDutchcustomsofearliereraswithtreaclyfondness.Oneofthesecustomswasthemakingoffrieddoughballs,knownasoliekoecken,oroilcakes.Arecipeforthesetreatsappearsina17th-CenturyDutchcookbook:theyareleavenedwithyeastandstuddedwithdriedfruit.【基礎(chǔ)解析】treaclyadj.1)像糖漿的；糖蜜似的【釋】liketreacle【例】atreaclybrownliquid糖漿狀的棕色液體2)虛情假意的；過分多情的【釋】expressingfeelingsofloveinawaythatseemsfalseorexaggerated【例】treaclymusic甜膩膩的音樂BeforeNewYorkwasNewYork,ofcourse,itwasNewAmsterdam,andwritersoftenreflectedontheDutchcustomsofearliereraswithtreaclyfondness.Oneofthesecustomswasthemakingoffrieddoughballs,knownasoliekoecken,oroilcakes.Arecipeforthesetreatsappearsina17th-CenturyDutchcookbook:theyareleavenedwithyeastandstuddedwithdriedfruit.【基礎(chǔ)解析】leavenv．（添加……）使較有趣，使更令人愉快【釋】tomakesthmoreinterestingorcheerfulbyaddingsthtoit【例】Herspeechwasleavenedwithatouchofhumour.幾分幽默使她的講話更為有趣。BeforeNewYorkwasNewYork,ofcourse,itwasNewAmsterdam,andwritersoftenreflectedontheDutchcustomsofearliereraswithtreaclyfondness.Oneofthesecustomswasthemakingoffrieddoughballs,knownasoliekoecken,oroilcakes.Arecipeforthesetreatsappearsina17th-CenturyDutchcookbook:theyareleavenedwithyeastandstuddedwithdriedfruit.【基礎(chǔ)解析】studdedadj.1)用飾釘裝飾的【釋】decoratedwithsmallraisedpiecesofmeta【例】astuddedleatherbelt飾釘裝飾的皮帶2)布滿（或有很多）……的【釋】(~withsth)havingalotofsthonorinit【例】Theskywasclearandstuddedwithstars.天空晴朗，繁星點點。OneoftheearliestmentionsofdoughnutsinAmericanwritingcamefromWashingtonIrving,hegoesonatlengthaboutquaintAmero-Dutchfolkways."Itwasalwayssuretoboastanenormousdishofballsofsweeteneddough,friedinhog'sfat,andcalleddoughnuts,orolykoeks-adeliciouskindofcake,atpresentscarcelyknowninthiscity,exceptingenuineDutchfamilies."【基礎(chǔ)解析】WashingtonIrving華盛頓·歐文【文化拓展】華盛頓·歐文是19世紀美國最著名的作家，號稱美國文學之父。1783年4月3日出生在紐約一個富商家庭。從歐文少年時代起就喜愛閱讀英國作家司各特、拜倫和彭斯等人的作品。歐文的第一部重要作品是《紐約外史》。1819年，歐文的《見聞札記》出版，引起歐洲和美國文學界的重視，這部作品奠定了歐文在美國文學史上的地位。OneoftheearliestmentionsofdoughnutsinAmericanwritingcamefromWashingtonIrving,hegoesonatlengthaboutquaintAmero-Dutchfolkways."Itwasalwayssuretoboastanenormousdishofballsofsweeteneddough,friedinhog'sfat,andcalleddoughnuts,orolykoeks-adeliciouskindofcake,atpresentscarcelyknowninthiscity,exceptingenuineDutchfamilies."【基礎(chǔ)解析】quaintadj.新奇有趣的；古色古香的【釋】attractiveinanunusualorold-fashionedway【例1】quaintoldcustoms稀奇的古老習俗【例2】aquaintseasidevillage古樸典雅的海濱村莊Thefantasiesofhomespungoodnesssurroundingdoughnutscontinued.Morethan50yearsafterIrvingwroteaboutthem,doughnutshadachievedtheirmoderncircularshape-butthetruehow-and-whyofthistransformationhavebeenlosttotime,buriedbyajust-so-storyinvolvingaNewEnglandsailorandhismother.OneversionofthislegendholdsthatHansonGregory'smothermadedoughnutstotakeonhistripsandhejammeditoverahandleontheship'ssteeringwheeltoeatduringastorm,buttherearenearlyinfinitevariations.【基礎(chǔ)解析】homespunadj.（觀點或想法）簡單的；樸實的【釋】Youusehomespuntodescribeopinionsorideasthataresimpleandnotbasedonspecialknowledge.【例】Thebookissimplehomespunphilosophy.該書闡述的是簡單而樸實的哲學。n.（衣服）用家織土布制作的【釋】Homespunclothesaremadefromcloththathasbeenmadeathome,ratherthaninafactory.Thefantasiesofhomespungoodnesssurroundingdoughnutscontinued.Morethan50yearsafterIrvingwroteaboutthem,doughnutshadachievedtheirmoderncircularshape-butthetruehow-and-whyofthistransformationhavebeenlosttotime,buriedbyajust-so-storyinvolvingaNewEnglandsailorandhismother.OneversionofthislegendholdsthatHansonGregory'smothermadedoughnutstotakeonhistripsandhejammeditoverahandleontheship'ssteeringwheeltoeatduringastorm,buttherearenearlyinfinitevariations.【基礎(chǔ)解析】jamv.1)使勁（往某處）擠（或壓、塞）【釋】topushsthsomewherewithalotofforce【例】Hejammedhisfingersinhisears.他用手指使勁堵住耳朵。2)塞入；塞進；擠進【釋】toputsb/sthintoasmallspacewherethereisverylittleroomtomove【例】Sixofuswerejammedintoonesmallcar.我們六個人被塞進一輛小汽車里。ThecultureofNewEnglandwhalingvesselsalsoinvolvedwhatarelikelytohavebeenslightlyfishydoughnuts.Withvastquantitiesofwhalefatonboardafteracaptureandrenderingvatsonhand,fryingwasthelogicalthingtodo.Doughnuts'folksycredmayhavereacheditsapexwiththedoughnutgirlsofWorldWarOne,SalvationArmyvolunteerswhofrieddoughnutsforAmericatroops.Hundredsofthousandsofthemwerehandedoutnearthetrenches,andpostersandtributestothesewomen'sdevotioninbringingatasteofhometosoldiersabound.TheSalvationArmy'sprofilewaslikewiseelevated.Bythetimethewarended,"theirchosentotem,thedonut,wasaningrainedsymbolofhome."【基礎(chǔ)解析】folksyadj.1)淳樸友好自然的；樸實熱情隨意的【釋】(especiallyNAmE)simple,friendlyandinformal【例】Theywantedthestoretohaveafolksysmall-townimage.他們希望這家商店具有小城鎮(zhèn)那種樸實熱情的形象。2)有民間傳統(tǒng)的；有民間風味的【釋】(sometimesdisapproving)doneormadeinatraditionalstylethatistypicalofsimplecustomsinthepast【例】afolksyballad有民間風味的歌謠Doughnuts'folksycredmayhavereacheditsapexwiththedoughnutgirlsofWorldWarOne,SalvationArmyvolunteerswhofrieddoughnutsforAmericatroops.Hundredsofthousandsofthemwerehandedoutnearthetrenches,andpostersandtributestothesewomen'sdevotioninbringingatasteofhometosoldiersabound.TheSalvationArmy'sprofilewaslikewiseelevated.Bythetimethewarended,"theirchosentotem,thedonut,wasaningrainedsymbolofhome."【基礎(chǔ)解析】apexn.1)（機構(gòu)、體系的）最上層【釋】Theapexofanorganizationorsystemisthehighestandmostimportantpositioninit.【例】Attheapexofthepartywasitscentralcommittee.該黨的最高機構(gòu)是其中央委員會。2)尖端；頂點【釋】Theapexofsomethingisitspointedtoporend.【例】Thehangaris103feethighattheapexofitsroof.飛機庫頂最高點高103英尺。Doughnuts'folksycredmayhavereacheditsapexwiththedoughnutgirlsofWorldWarOne,SalvationArmyvolunteerswhofrieddoughnutsforAmericatroops.Hundredsofthousandsofthemwerehandedoutnearthetrenches,andpostersandtributestothesewomen'sdevotioninbringingatasteofhometosoldiersabound.TheSalvationArmy'sprofilewaslikewiseelevated.Bythetimethewarended,"theirchosentotem,thedonut,wasaningrainedsymbolofhome."【基礎(chǔ)解析】trenchn.1)溝渠【釋】Atrenchisalongnarrowchannelthatiscutintotheground,forexample,inordertolaypipesorgetridofwater.2)戰(zhàn)壕【釋】Atrenchisalongnarrowchannelinthegroundusedbysoldiersinordertoprotectthemselvesfromtheenemy.PeopleoftenrefertothebattlegroundsoftheFirstWorldWarinNorthernFranceandBelgiumasthetrenches【例】Wefoughtwiththeminthetrenches.我們在戰(zhàn)壕里與他們作戰(zhàn)。Doughnuts'folksycredmayhavereacheditsapexwiththedoughnutgirlsofWorldWarOne,SalvationArmyvolunteerswhofrieddoughnutsforAmericatroops.Hundredsofthousandsofthemwerehandedoutnearthetrenches,andpostersandtributestothesewomen'sdevotioninbringingatasteofhometosoldiersabound.TheSalvationArmy'sprofilewaslikewiseelevated.Bythetimethewarended,"theirchosentotem,thedonut,wasaningrainedsymbolofhome."【基礎(chǔ)解析】aboundv.充滿【釋】Ifthingsabound,orifaplaceaboundswiththings,thereareverylargenumbersofthem.【例】Storiesaboundaboutwhenhewasincharge.他負責時傳聞很多。Doughnuts'folksycredmayhavereacheditsapexwiththedoughnutgirlsofWorldWarOne,SalvationArmyvolunteers