非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

1LectureSix非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Non-finiteVerbs.2024/4/12本講主要內(nèi)容：一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類、特征二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞炙?、補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)2024/4/13動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種：1.不定式(TheInfinitive)，由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，to為不定式符號(hào)，并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。2.動(dòng)名詞(TheGerund)，由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成。3.分詞(TheParticiple)1）現(xiàn)在分詞（ThePresentParticiple),由動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成

2）過去分詞（ThePastParticiple),由動(dòng)詞+ed構(gòu)成。2024/4/14非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有以下特征：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等多種句子成分，但唯獨(dú)不能做謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有各種形態(tài)：原形、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有動(dòng)詞的功能，如可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)，但不具有語(yǔ)法上的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì),如沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

Growingflowersismyhobby.Thankyouforhelping

us.Ihopetoseeyouagain.2024/4/15使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的條件：在一個(gè)句子中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而又沒有連詞的情況下，其他的動(dòng)詞就需要使用非謂語(yǔ)形式。Shegotoffthebus,_______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft2024/4/16不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendone

tobedoing無(wú)tohavebeendoing無(wú)2024/4/171.不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用一般式。Hewantedtoseeyou.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生時(shí)，用完成形式。Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用不定式的進(jìn)行形式。WhenIcamein,

hepretendedtobereadingabook.4.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.

ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.2024/4/18動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone2024/4/191.動(dòng)名詞的一般形式表示一般性動(dòng)作或是與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Weareinterestedinclimbingmountains.

Iprefersingingtodancing.2.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，要用完成形式。Hewaspraisedforhavingpassedtheexam.3.如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，也要用完成形式。HeisproudofhavingbeensenttoworkinTibet.4.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是該動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)形式。

HerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingwhenhewasachild.2024/4/110分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)只有一種，即done.2024/4/111現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動(dòng)的，要用過去分詞。1.________(look)outofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.________(see)fromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,__________(follow)manystudents.4.Theteachercamein,_________(follow)bymanystudents.LookingSeenfollowingfollowed2024/4/112如果強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，要用分詞的被動(dòng)形式beingdone。Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,Iwenthome.

Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.2024/4/113非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式所有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not.不定式的否定形式：nottodo動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：notdoing現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：notdoing過去分詞的否定形式：notdone2024/4/1141.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive2.-Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.-That'sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowAB2024/4/1153.________theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedC2024/4/116KeytoPart1:nottohaveseenhimtohavegivenyousomuchtroubletobedreamingtohavebeenstudyingtobebettertreatedbeinginterruptedhavingbeenthereHavingreviewedhislessons2024/4/117非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植欢ㄊ絼?dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★2024/4/118不定式、動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)1.直接作主語(yǔ)：Seeingisbelieving.Smokingisnotagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.Tosmokehereisdangerous.2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnEnglishgrammar

well.

2024/4/119動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別1.對(duì)稱原則:主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)對(duì)稱Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.2.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)表示抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作。

Climbingmountainsisinteresting.

Toclimbthismountainwilltakeustwohours.3.不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式短語(yǔ)后置。

Itwilltakeustwohourstoclimbthemountain.2024/4/120固定句型:1.It’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…在暗淡的燈光下看書不好。

Itisnogoodreadingindimlight.2.It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthItisverykindofyoutohelpus.3.It’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth

我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。

ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.2024/4/121不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)Hechosenottogohomethisweekend.Themanagerdesirestoseeyou.Mymotherdislikesseeingyouwithme.Hecouldhardlyresistlaughing.Heisfondofplayingtennis.動(dòng)名詞既可做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，也可做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而不定式只能做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，而有的只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)，有的既可接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同。2024/4/122A.下列動(dòng)詞只能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：admit,allow,avoid,appreciate,consider,denyenjoy,escape,finish,complete,forgivekeep,mind,miss,risk,resume,recall,practise,prevent,resist,suggest,understandbe/getusedto,devoteoneselfto,lookforwardto,objectto,prefer...to,referto,payattentionto,stickto,leadto

這些詞組里的to為介詞，而非不定式符號(hào)。2024/4/123B.下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：afford,agree,attempt,aim,choosedecide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,wish

2024/4/124C.在一些動(dòng)詞后，可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但含義有差別。forget,remember,regret+doing

表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；+todo表動(dòng)作未發(fā)生want,

need,require+doing

表被動(dòng)=tobedonetrydoing試著做;trytodo

盡力做，想要做stopdoing

停止做某事

stoptodo

停下來(lái)做另一件事2024/4/125goondoing

繼續(xù)做某事（前后是同一件事）goontodo

接下來(lái)做某事(前后不是同一件事)meandoing

意味著...,意思是...

meantodo

故意或想要做某事can’thelpdoingsth

抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’thelptodosth

不能幫忙做某事2024/4/126D.

在begin,start,continue

等詞后可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義區(qū)別不大，但要注意：

1)這些動(dòng)詞本身是-ing

形式時(shí)，其后要接不定式；2)主語(yǔ)是物，多用不定式；

3)其后的動(dòng)詞是表示情感的或與智力有關(guān)的，不用

v-ing形式,而要用不定式，如：

know,realize,hate,love,understand,wonder,remember,forget2024/4/127Practice:1.Wouldyoumind______thedoor?A.openB.openingC.toopenD.opened2.“Somuchforthenewwordsand

expressions;let’sgoon____thetext.”the

teachersaidwithasmile.A.totalkaboutB.talkingaboutC.tobetalkingD.talkaboutBA2024/4/1283.Haveyougotused_________inGuilin?A.toliving

B.toliveC.living

D.tobeliving4.Nobodyiswillingtogotoapartywithout___________.A.askingB.tobeaskedC.beingaskedD.havingaskedAC2024/4/129非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常用的有：

ask,want,advise,allow,encourage,force,forbid,like,order,permit,persuade,request,require,tell,warn,urge,expect這些詞后均可接+sb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Myteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.2024/4/130常接分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have，keep,get,findsee,hear,watch,noticeetc.Isawhimworkinginthefieldyesterday.Hekeptthewaterboiling.Ifoundmycarmissing.Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.2024/4/131see,hear等詞+sb.+dosth.與+sb.+doing的區(qū)別：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的真實(shí)性、完整性，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性、進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個(gè)事實(shí)。Isawhimwokinginthegardenyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)我見他正在干活這個(gè)動(dòng)作。2024/4/132非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)1.不定式作表語(yǔ)（betodo):按計(jì)劃、趨勢(shì)將要做的

Sheistogetmarriednextweek.有責(zé)任、義務(wù)必須做的

I’mtoseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow祈使、命令不得不做的

You’retostandhere,doyouunderstand?命運(yùn)安排,注定做的

Disneymetthemouseandhewastobecomeafamousartist.2024/4/1332.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容（有時(shí)可與主語(yǔ)互換）MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.3.分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)特征,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。

Thebookisinteresting.Skiingismoreexcitingthanskating.Shefeltconfused,evenfrightened.Theguestsaregone.做表語(yǔ)的分詞，其實(shí)很多已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為了形容詞。2024/4/134非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)A.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾詞的用途drinkingwater=thewaterthatis(used)fordrinkingdrinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowderB.分詞作定語(yǔ)，表被修飾詞的特點(diǎn)、特征.單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)前置,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞之后?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示正在進(jìn)行和主動(dòng)，過去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)完成和被動(dòng)。boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater白開水（煮開過的水，可能是涼的）aretiredworker一位退了休的工人2024/4/135分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于省略了的定語(yǔ)從句：現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動(dòng)關(guān)系：Duetothemanychangestakingplaceinourwayoflife,people'swayofthinkinghasalsochangedalot.=Duetothemanychangeswhichtakeplacein…過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系：

Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.

=Mostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothe…2024/4/136C.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1.后置，表示將來(lái)ThisistheHopeProjectSchooltobebuiltnextyear.2.不定式與其所修飾的詞之間可能是主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.Ihavealotofworktodo.Iwanttogetsomethingtoread.Doyouneedsomewatertodrink?2024/4/1373.當(dāng)名詞有特定的定語(yǔ),如形容詞\副詞的最高級(jí),序數(shù)詞及next,only,right等,其后接不定式作定語(yǔ)。

Heisthefirststudenttocomeandthelasttoleave.

Whereisthebestplacetomeet?

Weneedthenextroomtoholdcorn.4.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.2024/4/1385.如果動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，則它們相應(yīng)的名詞一般也要用不定式做定語(yǔ),如：decidetodo,wishtodoHiswishtobuyacarcametrue.Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.6.不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，這里的介詞不能省略。Ineedapentowritewith.2024/4/139KeytoPart4:called/namedSallystandingbehindthecounterbeingbuilttobecompletednextyeartoputthebookshelfoftenplayingfootballontheplayground2024/4/140非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)不定式做狀語(yǔ)，表示原因,目的或結(jié)果。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的,可與inorderto或soasto連用。

Ireachedhomeonlytofindmyolddogdead.

Hegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.

ToimproveourEnglish,wecomehere.

I’msogladtoseeyou.

Theywenttotherailwaystation,onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.

注：only+不定式”常表示出乎預(yù)料的結(jié)果.2024/4/141分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式，及獨(dú)立成分。分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之，用過去分詞。Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.（時(shí)間）Givenenoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.

（條件）Beingill,

hedidn’tgotoschool（原因）Theglassfelltotheground,

breakingintopieces.(結(jié)果)Ourteachercamein,

followedbymanystudents

(伴隨）Generallyspeaking,onemustbeconfident.(獨(dú)立成分)2024/4/142分詞做時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語(yǔ)往往可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,做伴隨狀語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列句。Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn't...

Givenenoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.=IfIamgivenenoughtime,Icandoitbetter.

Beingill,

hedidn’tgotoschool.=Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.

Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theycameintotheclassroom,andtheyweresingingandlaughing.2024/4/143Notice:使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要注意，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定要與該句話的主語(yǔ)保持一致。判斷下列句子正誤并改錯(cuò)。1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.→TolearnEnglishwell,Imustdoalotof