中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：專(zhuān)題十三簡(jiǎn)單句

專(zhuān)題十三簡(jiǎn)單句中考考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)突破考點(diǎn)1

陳述句(1)陳述句的肯定形式That

boy

often

helps

others.那個(gè)男孩經(jīng)常幫助別人。I

went

to

the

cinema

yesterday.昨天我去看電影了。(2)陳述句的否定形式①如果句子的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其否定形式是在這些詞后面加not。She

is

not

a

teacher.她不是一位教師。Man

can’t

live

without

water.沒(méi)有水人類(lèi)就不能生存。②如果句子的謂語(yǔ)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其否定形式是在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。I

don’t

like

apples.我不喜歡蘋(píng)果。③除not外,其他表示否定意義的詞也可以構(gòu)成否定句。a.用no表示。He

has

no

sisters.＝He

doesn’t

have

any

sisters.他沒(méi)有姐妹。b.never從來(lái)沒(méi)有I

have

never

seen

such

a

man.我從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的人。c.little/few幾乎沒(méi)有There

are

few

students

in

the

classroom.教室里幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生。d.no

one/nobody

沒(méi)有人No

one/Nobody

is

interested

in

the

book.沒(méi)有人對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣。e.nothing什么也沒(méi)有There

is

nothing

wrong

with

you.你沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題。f.neitherof...兩者都不;none

of...(三者及三者以上)都不,沒(méi)有一個(gè)NeitherofthemhaseverbeentoBeijing.他們兩個(gè)都沒(méi)有去過(guò)北京。g.seldom很少;hardly

幾乎不I

seldom

go

to

hospital.我很少去醫(yī)院看病。I

can

hardly

say

a

word.我?guī)缀跻痪湓?huà)都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。h.too...to...太……而不能……He

was

too

late

to

catch

the

bus.他太遲了,沒(méi)有趕上公共汽車(chē)?？键c(diǎn)2

感嘆句(1)感嘆句的含義表示強(qiáng)烈的感情或情緒的句子叫感嘆句。這種句子一般用what或how來(lái)引導(dǎo),都用陳述語(yǔ)序,句尾常用感嘆號(hào)。(2)感嘆句的分類(lèi)感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句whatWhat＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!Whatabeautifulpresentitis!多么漂亮的一份禮物啊!What＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!Whatinterestingbookstheyare!多么有趣的書(shū)啊!What

nice

music

it

is!多么美妙的音樂(lè)啊!感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)例句howHow＋形容詞/副詞(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!Howfinetheweatheris!天氣真好啊!How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))!Howbeautifulagirlsheis!她是多么漂亮的一個(gè)女孩啊!How＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)!Howtimeflies!時(shí)光飛逝!口訣記憶感嘆句的用法感嘆句,表情感,how或what放句前。名詞詞組跟what,how與形副緊相連。為了句子更簡(jiǎn)潔,主謂部分也可略?？键c(diǎn)3

祈使句(1)祈使句的含義表示說(shuō)話(huà)人直接向聽(tīng)話(huà)人發(fā)出命令、提出勸告或發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句句尾通常用句號(hào),也可用感嘆號(hào)。(2)祈使句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)

祈使句的否定形式需在動(dòng)詞前加don’t?？谠E記憶祈使句的構(gòu)成祈使句,無(wú)主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞原形作開(kāi)始。do,be,let三種形式,委婉請(qǐng)求“請(qǐng)”字用。否定句式很簡(jiǎn)單,don’t打頭最常見(jiàn)。(3)祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句①陳述句是肯定形式時(shí),問(wèn)句一般用willyou/won’tyou;陳述句是否定形式時(shí),問(wèn)句一般用willyou。TurnofftheTV,willyou/won’tyou?把電視關(guān)了,好嗎?Don’teatsomanycandies,willyou?不要吃這么多的糖果,好嗎?②“Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形(＋其他).”句式的反問(wèn)用willyou;“Let’s...”句式的反問(wèn)常用shallwe。Letushelpyoucleanthehouse,willyou?我們幫你打掃屋子,好嗎?Let’sgoswimmingtomorrow,shallwe?我們明天去游泳,好嗎?(4)祈使句的回答祈使句通常表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以回答祈使句時(shí)一般用will或won’t?？键c(diǎn)4

疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題、表示疑問(wèn)的句子叫作疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)句分為四種:一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。分類(lèi)概念結(jié)構(gòu)或用法一般疑問(wèn)句用yes或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句叫作一般疑問(wèn)句。Be＋主語(yǔ)＋其他?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他?助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形/過(guò)去分詞＋其他?(續(xù)表)分類(lèi)概念結(jié)構(gòu)或用法特殊疑問(wèn)句以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句叫作特殊疑問(wèn)句。who詢(xún)問(wèn)身份which詢(xún)問(wèn)特定的人或物what詢(xún)問(wèn)事物或職業(yè)when詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間where詢(xún)問(wèn)地點(diǎn)、位置分類(lèi)概念結(jié)構(gòu)或用法特殊疑問(wèn)句以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句叫作特殊疑問(wèn)句。why詢(xún)問(wèn)原因how詢(xún)問(wèn)方式選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩種或兩種以上不同情況以供對(duì)方選擇的問(wèn)句。AorB?反意疑問(wèn)句在陳述句之后加上一個(gè)意思與之相反的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句,用以向?qū)Ψ阶C實(shí)所敘述的事情,這種句子叫作反意疑問(wèn)句。肯定陳述句＋否定附加疑問(wèn)句?否定陳述句＋肯定附加疑問(wèn)句?Let’s...,shallwe?肯定(否定)祈使句,willyou?

(1)一般疑問(wèn)句中含有否定詞、半否定詞時(shí),要特別注意yes和no的意義,這種情況下的yes意為“不”,no意為“是的”。用yes回答時(shí),后面只能接肯定句;用no回答時(shí),后面只能接否定句?！狧aven’ttheybeentoBeijing?難道他們沒(méi)有去過(guò)北京嗎?—Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.不,他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)。/是的,他們沒(méi)有去過(guò)。(2)一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)有時(shí)不用yes或no來(lái)回答,而是用其他一些詞;有時(shí)候答語(yǔ)也不用問(wèn)句開(kāi)頭的詞,而用其他詞?！狹ayIuseyourpen?我可以用一下你的鋼筆嗎?—Certainly.Hereyouare.當(dāng)然可以。給你。(3)在反意疑問(wèn)句中,反意部分與陳述部分在時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)、數(shù)等方面一般要保持一致,且反意部分的主語(yǔ)要用代詞,動(dòng)詞的否定式要用縮寫(xiě)形式。TomwillhelpuswithourEnglish,won’the?Tom將幫我們學(xué)英語(yǔ),不是嗎?(4)反意疑問(wèn)句的特殊用法。①陳述部分出現(xiàn)表示否定意義的詞,如never,seldom,hardly,few,little等時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分須用肯定形式。Hehardlywritestoyou,doeshe?他幾乎不給你寫(xiě)信,是嗎?②陳述部分是therebe句型,疑問(wèn)部分用be(not)there。There’ssomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn’tthere?你的手表出毛病了,不是嗎?③陳述句主語(yǔ)是不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing等時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分中的代詞用it;陳述句主語(yǔ)是somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,everybody,everyone等時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分中的代詞用they或he,注意問(wèn)句動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與they或he保持一致。Nothingiswrongwiththecomputer,isit?計(jì)算機(jī)沒(méi)什么問(wèn)題,是嗎?Everyoneknowstheanswer,don’tthey/doesn’the?人人都知道這個(gè)答案,不是嗎?④陳述部分是Iam時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分常用aren’tI。Iamlate,aren’tI?我遲到了,不是嗎?⑤當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it。Tosayitiseasierthantodoit,isn’tit?說(shuō)比做容易,不是嗎?⑥陳述部分是Ithink/Isuppose/Ibelieve/Iconsider等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分一般與從句保持一致,并注意“否定前移”。Ithinkyoucandoitbetternexttime,can’tyou?我覺(jué)得你下次可以做得更好,不是嗎?Idon’tbelievetherewillberobotsatpeople’shomes,willthere?我相信人們的家里不會(huì)有機(jī)器人,會(huì)有嗎?⑦祈使句反問(wèn)分兩種情況:Let’sdosomehousework,shallwe?我們做些家務(wù),好嗎?Don’targue,willyou?不要吵了,好嗎?專(zhuān)項(xiàng)能力檢測(cè)單項(xiàng)選擇1.(2022·江蘇宿遷)

D

?clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.

A.WhatB.HowaC.HowD.Whata2.(2022·甘肅武威)—

D

?doyouexercise?

—Everyday.A.HowlongB.WhyC.WhattimeD.HowoftenD

D

3.(2022·云南)—

B

?isitfromyourhometoschool,Alice?

—Aboutfifteenminutes’walk.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowmanyD.Howmuch4.(2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州)—Tellme,Grandma.

B

?isyourfavoritepersoninthewholewideworld?

—That’seasy!It’syou!A.WhatB.WhoC.HowD.WhomB

B

5.(2022·重慶)

C

?afreshspringmorningitis!

A.WhoB.WhyC.WhatD.How6.(2022·四川遂寧)—Sam,

B

?runinthehallways.It’sverydangerous.

—Sorry,Ms.Black.A.doB.don’tC.notD.doesn’t7.(2022·云南昆明)—Shenzhou

carriedthreeChineseastronautsintospacesuccessfully.—Wow,

A

?excitingnews!Wearesoproud.

A.whatB.whataC.whatanD.howC

B

A

8.(2022·江蘇無(wú)錫)—

A

?didtheonlineconcertbegin?

—Youdidn’tmissanything.Ithasjustbegun.A.WhenB.WhereC.WhatD.Why9.(2022·江蘇連云港)Welearned

C

?toworkasateambycomplet