2022年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)一考試試題

--1-2年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)一考試試題nA

試卷一(PaperOne)Part I ListeningComprehension(30%):nsnulrntsnotheendofeachconversation,youwillhearauestionaboutwhatissaid.Theuestionwillbereadonlyonce,afteryouheartheuestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD．ChooseetsdkerfreneRnoegul:Il:orutdael:serheul．es. ．esnyn．es. ．edreCsetwsnhnr

eAB●D1. ens. enseenstfnn. ensgfme2. ．esae. ．esad．esae ．esa3. ．ts. ．ts. ．ts. ．tst4. ．r. n. ．ek ．o5. ．esar ．esa．esal. ．esnn6. ．. ．. ．. ．7. ．. ．. ．. ．8. ．oys. ．oe．omar. ．ormoa9. ．oo. ．ooko．oer. ．onr10.．ensgo. ．ensokt．ensdoda. ．enseat11.．ga. ．ga官方網(wǎng)站:-2-．ga. ．ghe12.．es. ．es．es. ．es13.．ensa. ．enssf．estehenn.．elyoeesa14.．0. ．0. ．0. ．015.．eshen. ．esgoer．tstfenoo. ．tseoenB:nsnulrendo,rhulre.rhderesd,,Cd．eetrdkerfreneR16.．r. ．t．y. ．stf17.．. ．r ．. ．18.．tshrna. ．tshmr．ts. ．ts19.．tsral. ．tsene．tsydne. ．tsnel20.．elsedatnewB．ertfeesnlC．eltse．eeleognoe.．. ．. ．. ．g.．. ．. ．. ．23.．gsdk．genngled．ge24. ．etsoetfB．etsrneC．etneeef．etseeef25.．5. ．5. ．5. ．5e26.．sd. ．gea-3-．l. ．lfe27.．tsetoeapttB．tsetokrnC．tstyretoe．tsetdae28.．ygetooeetB．ygetoeyenC．ygetefsrr．yges29.．eopg.．eokre．eoene. ．eoee30.．s ．. ．. ．tⅡynA:ns,lese.rsrsd,CandDaregivenbeneatheachofthem.Youaretochoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletese,nkrrneR31.Thereeyswhoedoeefrrs．n ．n．n ．32.edtoyahsy．n ．t ．e ．33.Thetstgeneyey,ttechniuelybeeo．d ．d ．n ．34.esdoelhsfrlndry．e ．e ．e ．35.yrItedeedng．e ．e ．n ．36.sesno,ennoed．rf ．tf ．lf ．w37.Theenvironmentsurroundinghealthcarehasbeengreatlyalteredbythmedicaltechnologies.．g B．impracticableC．sophisticated ．38.t,eesrre．d ．d．d ．39.sedhhfemoe．n ．n ．n ．-4-40.needsdnalrer．e ．s ．e ．nBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefoursrsheach.eedrehntkeepmeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.MarkyouranswerantheR41.elyder．y ．y ．y ．42.ttfed,esgt．ers ．yd．ennt ．yo43.esedyeyende．d ．d ．d ．44.Wedemandsometangibleproofofourhardworkintheformofstatisticaldata,aproductoral．e ．e ．l ．45.tsttndsrecset—or—onr．n ．e ．e ．46.ereslelsgl．s ．s ．s ．47.eysefetfyhsc．e ．t ．t ．48.sledrtse．l ．l ．e ．49.Theseeytstyandesfye．y ．y ．y ．50.sesunonetesandet．s ．s ．s ．tⅢe(10%)Directions:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightside.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterfreneRreodenr,yewsdw-5-Theyexperiencecultureshock.Manypeoplehavea(n)51aboutcultureshock:theythinkthatit'sjustafeelingofsadnessandhomesicknesswhenapersonisinanewcountry.Butthisisn'treally.eksayl2,dys3tnawThereerrneshock.netenaneweydand54.Everythings.yetatfsarernedssmdsm.sseneeewtewesmrnbecomeconfused.Itseemsdifficulttodoevenverysimplethings.Theyfeel56.Theyspendalotoftime57orwithotherpeoplefromtheirowncountry.Theythink,“myproblemsareallbecauseI'mgns〞Then,inStageThree,theybegintounderstandthenewculturebetter.Theybegintolikesomew.y8eenew.e9edneyly.yegoodsnewunderstandthenewcustoms.Somecustomsaresimilartotheirculture,andsomearedifferent,buts.yn051.．t ．n ．n ．52.．n ．e ．n ．53.．r ．h ．r ．54.．d ．d ．y ．55.．ef ．tm ．ro ．r56.．d ．d ．d ．57.．y ．e ．e ．58.．esh ．es．dyo ．ter59.．y ．e ．y ．60.．eh ．ot ．dph ．eastⅣReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfiveuestions.ForeachuestiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD．ChoosethebestanswerandkerfreneRePatientscanrecallwhattheyhearwhileundergeneralanestheticeveniftheydon'twakeup,sawSeveralstudiesoverthepastthreedecadeshavereportedthatpeoplecanretainconsciousorsubconsciousmemoriesofthingsthathappenedwhiletheywerebeingoperatedon.Butfailurebyrsomhssdsoetesdestyedsneef-6-GittaLubke,PeterSebelandcolleaguesatEmoryUniversityinAtlantameasuredthedepthofanesthesiausingbispectralanalysis,atechniuewhichmeasureschangesinbrainwavepatternsinthefrontallobesmomentbymomentduringsurgery.Beforethisstudy,researchersonlytookanaveragetree,sed96asgy,yofmetooydoel.g,eachteswhichaseriesof16wordswasrepeatedfor3minuteseach.Atthesametime,bispectralanalysisdehfAftertheoperation,Lubketestedthepatientsbyshowingthermthefistthreelettersofaword,hs〞,andgmoe.sodhadadghsdg—t〞r(shí)echosetdnefImoreoftenthanpatientswhohadbeenplayedadifferentwordlist.Noneofthepatientshadanysyfgedsgstrsdnsetanaesthetized.ButitwasstatisticallysignificantevenwhenpatientswerefullyanaesthetizedwhenedsThisfinding,whichwillbepublishedinthejournalAnesthesiologycouldmeanthatoperatingtheatrestaffshouldbemorediscreet.Whattheysayduringsurgerymaydistresspatientsafterwards,sp,atteyf,61.sedtpA．syotB．tk’C．nessoD．snsrs62.yew,eeflsseA．enetfesreeB．eretdnsrsC．ersdsoelsgD．eehfag63.oteesA．dosfB．dxsrC．deetreD．dyetesfnsg64.esmewyettsereA．onsreB．oledmrrC．oltdndg-7-D．otopaneef65.tenrmeA．wleneB．yanteoC．ysddrsgD．weesnnseScientistsusedtobelieveadultbrainsdidnotgrowanynewneurons,butithasemergedthatnewneuronscansproutinthebrainsofadultrats,birdsandevenhumans.Understandingtheprocessdbetrfindingsotssuchssnwhichneuronstneuronsgndmobeneaedgand.tyyeenaw.etyygeyedfetf.〞sElizabeth,aneuroscientistatPrinceton.Becauseofthelocation,Gouldandhercolleaguessuspectthatlearningitselfmightbolsterthenewneurons’survival,andthatonlytasksinvolvingthehippocampuswouldoeTotestthis,theyinjectedadultmaleratswithasubstancethatlabelednewbornneuronssothattheycouldbetracked.Later,theygavesomeoftheratsstandardtasks.Oneinvolvedusingvisualandspatialcues,suchaspostersonawall,tolearntofindaplatformhiddenundermurkywater.Inanother,theratslearnttoassociateanoisewithatinyshockhalfasecondlater.Boththesetasksuseefses,stoesersrtaskstdteefindingaplatformthatwaseasilyvisibleinwater,forinstance.OthermembersofthecontrolgroupydnabfrrdoThemtneetesnestehippocampuskepttwiceasmanyoftheirnewneuronsaliveastheothers.“Learningopporteerf〞stdGagedsstekerlsnLae.neeefee,yttresnedtpwsGouldthinksthedifferencearosebecausethegroupslabelednewneuronsatdifferenttimes.Hermeessosrese.newdybe.Shesekptreokoyrso.ytheeese,eset〞e66.tlydsdttA．wsdwnt-8-B．sdeeneC．sednsD．sdewss67.snstetdneuronsA．dernB．dehrndC．dyrgdD．deteyge68.hfegnyleosfsmhrne．er. ．es．esy. ．es69.dstekseoteesseo．egfgws ．eyf．eyds ．esfg70.hfegneetere．etret ．no．oertoe ．yyestrnoe.reeekyobedydnrsnrThatcouldmeancardesignerswillhavetobuildinnewsafetyfeaturestocompensatefortheasgt.ne.S.,rseyhadredesignairbagssotheyinflatetolowerpressuresmakingthemlessofadangertosmallerwomend.toetsttstststaAstudycarriedoutinSeattle,Washingtonlookedatmorethan26000peoplewhohadbeeninvolvedincarcrashes,andfoundthatheavierpeopleatfarmorerisk.Peopleweighingbetween100and119kilogramsarealmosttwo-and-a-halflinesaslikelytodieinacrashaspeopleweighingsn0-d,eeddupnesdtys—aetstslsto.e1.8sweighing126kilogramswouldhaveaBMIof39,butsowouldaperson1.5meterstellweighing88.eedoeefrIs0rThestudyfoundthatpeoplewithaBMIof35to39areovertwiceaslikelytodieinacrashdhehsft.sttl,butyfWhiletheydonotyetknowwhythisisthecase,theevidenceisworthpursuing,saysCharlesMack,andttewynandResearchrodeh.esererysoe-9-tsngsseohsyesttdsgt.,rtseondotncrashingcars.tlargerandheavierstused,elHighwaycSafetynnnCdwThereasonsforthehigherinjuryanddeathratesarefarfromclear,Mockspeculatesthatcarsmightnotbesuitablydesignedforheavypeople.Orobesepeople,withhealthproblemshshder,degtrorm71.nydrsods,enrs.A．dtdotstenfB．yttasoeC．drbnenfrD．ydrnd72.nydee,es .A．daerInB．dteessC．desfmeenD．edowerfeednr73.ose,k .A．dteysertB．drenftC．desftD．deeoe74.egenrerydh,kdtyt .A．sneerodB．tsereetoeC．tsttl,tyftsD．enndems’y75.hfegssydoeA．ersyyoetnB．esdseoC．etsoD．erseItseemsintuitivethatgoingtoaspecialistphysicianwillresultinmorethoroughandup-to-datecareforwhateverailsyou.Infact,manystudiessupportthisidea-buthealth-Careresearchersntyytlee-10-ThefirstuestioniswhosepatientsaresickerSpecialiststendtotreatmorecomplicatedformsft—ysandls—eeyotreatshlgAseconduestioniswhatcountsasthemostvaluabletreatmentSpecialistsaremorefamiliarhsferesytsnM.zfUniversity.Ontheotherhand,ageneralistmaydoabetterjobofcoordinatingapatient’scareandkeepinganeyeonaperson’soverallhealth,saysMartinT.DonohoeoftheOregonHealthSciencesynTore,yslthsd,tlsotsw,snyferheydhn,Thatsaid,strokepatientstreatedbyneurologistsaremorelikelytosurvivethanstrokepatientstreatedbygeneralists.Amongabout3800srokesufferersnationwide,16.1percentofthosetreatedbyatdn3,dh25.3tfedySeveralstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewithheartdiseasefarebetterwhentheyaretreatedbysaS.Nashfetilrnw,tsdetyn,nnogaeflgne,soayrl,〞e.sytoetegone,thatpracticemakesperfect;two,theeffectoftheeducationalandtimeinvestmentsinaclinicalmensyd;deefl〞Differencesbetweenspecialistcareandgeneralistcare,however,paleincomparisonwiththegthsdsnloteteopractice,dbothDonohoeandClancy.AtyeU.S.lAccountingOfficettksowsywereeyotakegdrugsandas—heteandbloode—nereceivedcarefromageneralist.Evenso,theselife-prolongingdrugswerenotprescribedtomanysodoeer,gthsdsd“Maybewearefocusingtoomuchenergyonthedifferencesbetweengeneralistandspecialist〞saysDonohoe.Perhaps,headds,“weshouldfocusmoreintentlyonimprovingtheualityofnandnnsandsandongandgestteahrtonelh.〞76.Whichofthefollowinguestionscanmostprobablycomeoutofthetwouestionsraisedinthe．ster ．tstel-11-．ysegoeat ．steeef77.esoeostt .A．seeyoeB．a(chǎn)tnea,reC．rfeossrneD．seynooot78.goeertfedtenet.A．tyedoB．sdoedneeC．shoeeyftD．shoohetfl79.hsd,edy,doarb.A．gefeB．gshesC．geteoD．gecorsf80.esgotrn.A．rndnnsdB．eleftdt,C．esntdtD．eghfenegangtfeg.sefoundntdneyf,tshtHowever,manystudiesofchildren’suseofcomputersshowthattherearepossiblenegativeeffects.Thisessaywillexplainthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcomputeruseonchildren,focusingonthesnydrsdedystComputerusemaynegativelyaffectthesocialrelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.Becausendoheon,ynweaboutcomputerusethantheirparents,AccordingtoSubrahmanyamandhiscolleagues(2022)thisoftenleadstoarolereversal,wherethechildbecomesateachertotheparent.Inotherwords,itisofteneetayrerlhrswoeexsfr.scanleadoannl,heyfe,rsdotwfytalkingtoachildoranadult,soallusersaretreatedeually(Subrahmanyametal,2022).Childrenynteeynl,rgoanneparent-npmt,--12-Children’speerrelationshipscanalsobenegativelyaffectedbyextensivecomputeruse.Sincecomputersaremorelikelytobeusedinisolationbychildren,theyspendlittletimeinteractingwiththeirpeers(Shields&Behrman,2022).Asaresult,childrenmaynotdevelopthesocialskillsthey,reeonsneldmt,.hedr,snmeldndosds&,Adisturbingpossibleeffectofcomputeruseonchildrenisthelinkbetweencomputergamesand.thsydagkntstelevisionandaggressivebehaviorinchildren,soitisreasonabletobelievethatasimilarlinkwillbefoundbetweenviolentbehaviorinchildrenandviolenceincomputergames(Subrahmanyametal,200l).However,asShieldsBehrman(200l)pointsout,itisimportanttonotethatalthoughthesytl,nortsdetn,ga,yrd,yttheparent-childrenrelationshipinfamilies.Itcouldalsoresultinchildrennotlearningthesocialskillsneedtointeractwithpeersandmaintainfriendships.Moreover,itseemslikelythatplayingviolentcomputergamesislinkedtoviolenceinchildren.Althoughtheresearchisnotconclusive,itappearsatdefsdeaetnsl.mey,ersgowtnA．snetB．a(chǎn)enyC．eesfsefD．egrfsn82.hsetnrenflygoeA．nesorB．sednwC．ntrnlshrD．’segkye83.tsdnyneA．nyeephrB．nedornygC．nlnosedytD．snonyemt84.hfegsTdseetfgrse．Akfl. ．gt．Aen. ．Anny85.eeeten-13-．A. ．Ae．Ahl ．seAresmartpeoplejustnaturallyattractedtostudyartorperformmusic,dance,ordramaOrdoesearlyeducationintheartactuallycausechangesinthebrainthatdevelopimportantcomponentsofcognitionRecentfindingsshowthattheremaybesomesignificantcausalrelationshipsbetweenartsgdesyoThea,nnhsn,deducation,justreleasedathree-yearstudythatfoundthatearlytrainingintheartsispossiblygoodrr.sandstlsehowgftwestethinking,,ande.nsdheyolhmandm,,dtfg.egsthinkingyandgsmoexpand.lsseegdedodh;nIhIha