2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)語法精講及練習(xí)

2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)語法精講及練習(xí)

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（TheActiveVoice）和被動語態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice）o

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，例如：

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（主動語態(tài)）

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被動語態(tài)）

基本形式：be+ved（及物動詞的過去分詞）

被動語態(tài)的用法：

1）當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，或者只需

強調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。

Thisjacketismadeofcotton.

Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld.

2）強調(diào)動作的承受者時。Theboywassavedatlast.這個男孩最后得救了。

一、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟：

主動句：Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.

被動句：Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday.

步驟一：原句中的賓語thewindow變成主語。

步驟二：謂語動詞broke改為被動形式：wasbroken

步驟三：原句中的主語Theboy放在介詞by的后面。

步驟四：其他成分如：yesterday不變。

口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞be+V.pp

二、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)的變化：

各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表

時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)be+V.pp

1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞

2一般過去時Didwas/were+過去分詞

3含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞

4一般將來時will/begoingto+動詞原形will/begoingto+be+過去分詞

5過去將來時would+動詞原形would+be+過去分詞

6現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+it去分詞

7過去進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞Was/were+being+過去分詞

8現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞

9過去完成時had+過去分詞hadbeen+過去分詞

注：中考一般只考一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時以及情態(tài)動詞的被

動語態(tài)，其余只作拓展學(xué)習(xí)。

三、被動語態(tài)的考點：

1.含有雙賓語(人/物)的主動句變被動句時：

A.可有兩種被動語態(tài)的常用動詞有：buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,teach,tell,show

等。

1.Hegavemethebookjustnow.

Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.

=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow.

2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding.

Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

=Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

B.通常用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)主語的一些動詞有：bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,

write等o

1.Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.

Mymothermademeaskirt.Askirtwasmade(fbrme)bymymother.

口訣：A+be+V.pp+物；物+be+V.pp+to+人

2.使役動詞make,have,let;感官動詞see,watch,hear,feel以及help等在主動語態(tài)中

省去to,但改成被動語態(tài)后都要加上to,不能省略。

但如果主動語態(tài)是see/watch/hearsb.doingsth的結(jié)構(gòu)，改成變動語態(tài)后則V-ing前不能加to.

eg.beseendoingsth.

使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

使makesbdosthsbbemadetodosth

役havesbdosthsbbehadtodosth

動

letsbdosthsbbelettodosth

詞

seesbdosthsbbeseentodosth

感watchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosth

觀hearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosth

動noticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth

詞findsbdosthsbbefoundtodosth

feelsbdosthsbbefelttodosth

3.一些只有主動語態(tài)，沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞：

happen=takeplace（發(fā)生）,belongto（屬于），sellwell（賣得好），writewell（寫得好），sleep

（睡覺），run,exist,have（擁有），seem（看來好像）等。

4.當(dāng)謂語動詞為短語時，不能丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞，如handin,takecareof等。

四、初中常見的主動表被動的幾種情況：

1.weigh,measure,cost,last,breakout,takeplace,happen表示“稱重"測量"花費''、

“持續(xù)”、“發(fā)生”等動詞為狀態(tài)動詞或不及物動詞，雖然漢語有被動含義，但英語要用主動形

式表被動之意。

eg.Themeetinglastedtwohours.會議持續(xù)了兩小時。

Whathappenedtohimlastnight?他昨晚怎么了？

2.feel,look,sound,smell,taste等連系動詞，用主動形式表被動意義。

eg.Thebamboochairfeelscool.這竹椅摸起來很涼快。

Histheorysoundedreasonable.他的理論聽起來有些道理。

3.表示“需要”的need,want,require等動詞以及形容詞worth（值得）后面，跟動詞-ing

的主動形式表達被動意義。

eg.Theoldhousewantsrepairing/toberepaired.那座舊房子需要修了。

Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.這本字典很值得買。

4.不定式作定語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語、間賓或說話人時，不定式用主動形式表達被

動意義。eg.Shehasandoldgrandfathertolookafter.她有一位年邁的爺爺需要照

綜合練習(xí)

一、單項選擇

()1.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?

一Yes.Ourclassroom___everyday.

A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning

()2.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology___intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.give

()3.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeen

published

()4.—DidyougotoJack'sbirthdayparty?—No,I.

A.amnotinvitedB.wasn'tinvitedC.haven'tinvitedD.didn'tinvite

()5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?

—Whenyourhomework__,youcan.

A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did

()6.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.

A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.

()7.Seeinghimrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhimwhat.

A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.

()8.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought___in1999.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.

()9.Treesandflowerseveryyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.

A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.

()10.China,ssportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiangGoodWillAmbassadors(親善大

使)forShanghai.

A.hasbeennamedB.havebeennamedC.hasnamedD.havenamed.

()11.Theearthisourhome.ltwell.

A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.

()12.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade___whattheyarenot___.

A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.

()13.___anewlibraryinyourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.

()14.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.

()15.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.

()16.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.

()17.Howmanytreesthisyear?

A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.

()18.Alotofthings___bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.

()19.NeitheroftheminChina

A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.

()20.Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.

A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.

()21.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.

A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.

()22.Thedoctorforyet.

A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent.

()23—When___thiskindofcomputer___?—Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

()24.TheGreatWallaboutallovertheworld.

A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.

()25.1insummer.

A.bornB.wasbomC.havebeenbornD.ambom.

()26.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.

A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.

()27.Who_thisbook_?

A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written

()28.Mary___showmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

()29.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

()30.Themonkeywasseenoutofthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

()31.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()32.EnglishinCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()33.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()34.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()35.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

()36.Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()37.--I'dliketobuythatcoat.―I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.ifssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

()38.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()39.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()40.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()41.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.

A.speak,toB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

()42.Oldpeoplemust___.

A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell

()43.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.

A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare

()44.Thesewalls___stones.

A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto

()45.Thecoathersister.

A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto

()46.1___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.

A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven

()47.Theteachermadehim___hishomework

A.todoB.doC.didD.done

()48.Theboy__streetswithoutpayintheolddays.

A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean

()49.Thesechildren__dance.

A.wereseentoB.wereseenfbrC.wereseenD.sawto

()50.Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted

()51.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.

A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace

()52.Ybucan'tusethecomputer,it.

A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown

()53.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?

A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close

()54.Theapple__verysweet.

A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting

()55.--WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?----Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.

A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing

()56.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed__.

A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned

二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面)

1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說)thatthelongbridge(build)intwomonths.

2.Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss)now.

3.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak.)intheworld?

4.Thelostboy(notfind)sofar.

5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees(cut)down.

6.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

7.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.

8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.

9.Whatknives(make)of?

They(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.

10.Canthemagazine(take)outofthelibrary?

11.Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday.

12.Thestarscan't(see)inthedaytime.

13.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.

14.Thiskindofshoes(sell)well.

15.Howlongyouruncle(be)inthecity?

16.Thefood(smell)delicious.

17.Look!Someone(dance).

18.Apples(grow)onthisfarm.

19.Russian(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.

2O.Thecinemas(build)in1985.

三.將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)：

1TheyplayfootballonSunday.______________________________________________________

2Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening._____________________________________________

3Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.__________________________________________________

4,Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

5.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoplayintheplaygroundwithoutateacher.

6.Thisfarmergrewbeautifulflowerslastyear.

7.Johnansweredallthequestions.___________________________________________________

8.Tombrokethewindow.__________________________________________________________

9.Myfatherboughtmeabike._______________________________________________________

lO.Mymotheradvisedmetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.

1l.WemightputoffthesportsmeetinguntilnextTuesday.

12.Weshouldn'tlaughatthedisabledpeople.__________________________________________

13.Hisparentsshouldallowhim