2024屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之科普知識(shí)類(lèi)介紹素材

閱讀理解之科普知識(shí)類(lèi)題型分析科普知識(shí)類(lèi)說(shuō)明文是高考閱讀理解中的重難點(diǎn)題材，考生往往在這類(lèi)文章中失分嚴(yán)重，因此，考生需要了解科普知識(shí)類(lèi)文章的主要特點(diǎn)和命題方式。選材：當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等方面的變化，以介紹某一科學(xué)現(xiàn)象居多。特點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯性強(qiáng)。語(yǔ)言：文章中詞匯的意義相對(duì)單一、穩(wěn)定、簡(jiǎn)明，不帶感情色彩。句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語(yǔ)法分析較困難，常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動(dòng)句式。命題：主要集中在細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題或詞義猜測(cè)題，以推理判斷題居多。解題策略科普知識(shí)類(lèi)說(shuō)明文長(zhǎng)難句居多，題目往往是推理判斷題和主旨大意題。因此，考生在擴(kuò)大詞匯量的同時(shí)，還需要努力增強(qiáng)分析長(zhǎng)難句的能力，把握文章的主旨。具體答題策略如下：感悟真題·體驗(yàn)技法(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ·C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測(cè)量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive，plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。隨著數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來(lái)越普遍，對(duì)用戶(hù)信息起防護(hù)作用的技術(shù)如指紋掃描等的市場(chǎng)正在增長(zhǎng)，但這些技術(shù)仍然很昂貴。本文介紹了一種具有類(lèi)似功能的新型低成本設(shè)備——智能鍵盤(pán)。28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.”和第二段第一句“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.”可知，研究者們開(kāi)發(fā)智能鍵盤(pán)是為了降低e-space保護(hù)的成本。故選D。29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities...”可知，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的打字方式不同，使得智能鍵盤(pán)能夠識(shí)別人的身份。故選C。30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，研究者們希望智能鍵盤(pán)能早日投入市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)售。故選B。隨堂演練Bioprintingismedicallyandbio-technologicallyequalto3Dprinting.Byusingthesameprinciples，theaimistorapidlydeveloplivingstructuressimilartohuman-grownorgansandtissuethatcanbeusedtohealpeopleortestnewdrugs.Ofcourse，printingbiologicaltissueismuchmorecomplexthanbuildingamechanicalpart.Therearecomplexlayersofcellsinlivingtissue.Bioprintersusebioinkmadefromcells，biochemicalnutrientsandbiologicalstandstosupportcellsinanexactorder.Bioinkshavetooperateunderconditionsthataresuitableforliving，growingtissue，sotheycannotreallybeprintedattemperaturesthattopbodytemperature.Perhapsthesimplestformofbioprintingisinkjetprinting.Bioinkissprayedthroughtinytubessoithastobealmostliquidandthislimitsthebiologicalmaterialsthatcanbeprinted.Most3Dprintersoperatebysqueezingmaterialthroughapipeandbioprinterscanusesqueezingtoo，thoughcarehastobetakennottodamagecellsthroughextremeforce.Othertechniquessuchaslaser-assistedbioprintingorelectrospinning(靜電紡絲)areincrediblyexactandcanbeusedwiththickerbioinks，buttheyaremoretrickytousewithlivingcellsandnotasrapidorabletocreatelargequantitiesoftissue.Oncethebioprinterhasdoneitswork，thepost-processingstagebegins.Bioreactorsystemsareoftenemployedtohelpthetissuegrowup.Theycanbeusedtocopytheforcesandbiochemicalsupportthattissueneedstogrowanddifferentiatecorrectly.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarareencouraging.Stemcells，whichhavethepotentialtoturnintoseveraltypesofcells，arebeingusedtocreatebone.Organprintingcanimprovethehealthofsocietyingeneralbywipingouttheproblemofdiseasescausedbyorganfailure，costlytreatmentsandsocialcare.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidprototyping(原型技術(shù))enabledbybioprintingispushingmedicaladvancesforwardatpace.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)介紹生物打印的所需材料、實(shí)施過(guò)程和相關(guān)用途等告訴讀者生物打印的發(fā)展很有前景。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A.Cells. B.Bioinks.C.Nutrients. D.Biologicalstands.代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，生物墨水必須在適合的條件下工作，所以它們不能在高于體表溫度的狀況下打印。由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞they指代的是生物墨水。故選B。2.Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhenusingbioprinting?A.Thesortofhumanorgans.B.Thethicknessofbioinks.C.Theforceofsqueezing.D.Theorderofcells.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，生物打印機(jī)也可以通過(guò)擠壓原料的方式運(yùn)作，不過(guò)要注意不能過(guò)度用力，否則會(huì)損壞細(xì)胞。故選C。3.Whatcanweinferfrom