（2）任務型閱讀中考英語閱讀理解提分要義

（2）任務型閱讀——2024屆中考英語閱讀理解提分要義提分要點Step1明確任務任務型閱讀一般提供一段或幾段閱讀材料，在材料后設置5個任務，做題時考生應先閱讀所給的任務，明確任務要求，再帶著任務去閱讀材料，有針對性地去讀，提高閱讀效率。Step2速讀全文，了解大意明確任務后，應迅速閱讀全文來了解文章的主要內(nèi)容以及文章的感情基調(diào)、作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。概括大意的題目需要通篇考慮，對要點加以歸納概括。這類題目有時可以從文中找到答案，但有時需要自己概括。為文章擬標題的題目可以通過尋找主題句和高頻詞來完成。主題句往往在首段或尾段，但當沒有主題句時，則應全面、簡練地去提煉、概括。文章的標題可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子。標題必須遵循概括性原則（最大程度上覆蓋全文體現(xiàn)文章的中心大意）和醒目性原則（必須力求吸引讀者的注意力）。Step3找細節(jié)尋找細節(jié)，從原文中找答案此環(huán)節(jié)可以采用“跳讀”的方式來確定準確答案。如閱讀填空、填表題、填寫詞語、一補全句子的方式完成表格或圖表，還有一些題目是對文章細節(jié)的直接設問，答案通?？梢詮脑闹姓业?。精讀細節(jié)，理解深層含義部分題型考查通過已知信息進行推理、研究細節(jié)的暗示、推敲作者的態(tài)度、理解文章寓意的能力。做這一類型的題時需注意：①把握文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，以文章提供的事實和觀點為依據(jù)，立足原文，推斷求知，不能主觀臆造，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點為依據(jù)；②在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，吃透文章的字面意思，從設問句的上下文中捕捉線索，對文章的表面意思進行挖掘加工，悟出作者的深層含義或弦外之音。提分訓練一、Drones(無人駕駛飛機)candolotsofthings,includingtakingpicturesfromtheskyandwatchingwildanimals.Nowthesesmallflyingrobotsbegintochangethewayoffarming.LookingforsickplantsDronescanfindbacteria(細菌)thatareharmfultoplantsintheairfromafewkilometersaway.Farmscancheckthedrones’airsamples(樣本)andtrytofindwaystoprotecttheirplantsbeforethebacteriagettothem.CountingcowsWhenflyingovercows,dronescanfollowupthecowsandfindoutwhichfencesneedfixing.Therearealsospecialcamerasondrones.Theycanhelpfarmerslookforanimalsthatcouldharmtheircows.WaterwatchAfterwateringthefields,wecanoftenseesomeplacesmaydryoutfasterthanothers.Otherplacesmightnotgetwateratall.Dronescanlookoverthefieldandmakea3Dmap.Usingthemap,farmerscanfindoutwhichpartsofafieldaredryorneedimprovement.Sprayingpesticide(噴灑農(nóng)藥)Differentpartsofafieldmighthavedifferentaltitude(海拔).Dronescancheckforthiswhenflyingabovetheland.Then,theychangetheirheightsothattheycanspraythecorrectamountofpesticideovereachpartofthefield.Thisismoreusefulthantraditionalpesticidespraying.Dronescanfinishsprayingafieldmuchfasterthanwithtraditionalmachines.1.Farmerscancheckthedrones’airsamplestofindwaysto_________beforethebacteriagettothem.2.Thespecialcamerashelpfarmers_________animalswhichmayharmtheircows.3.Whatcanthefarmersdobyusingthe3Dmap?4.找出并寫下全文的主題句。5.將文中劃線句子譯成漢語。二、Mostpeopledrinkteaintheworld.Butteadoesnotmeanthesamethingtodifferentpeople.Indifferentcountries,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutdrinkingtea.InChina,(1)______,(例如)teaisoftenservedwhenpeoplegettogether.Chinesepeopledrink(2)itathomeorinteahousesatanytimeoftheday.Theyoftenusehotwatertoboiltealeaves.TeaisalsoimportantinotherAsiancountries.Peopleinthesecountrieshaveaspecialwayofservingtea.Theyholdateaceremony(儀式)intheirhouseswhenimportantguestse.(3)Itisveryoldandfullofmeaning.Everythingmustbedoneinaspecialwayintheceremony.Thereisevenaspecialroomforitintheirhouses.IntheUnitedStates,peopleusuallydrinkteaatbreakfastor(4)他們有時在飯后喝茶.Americansusuallyuseteabagstomaketea.Thiswayisfasterandeasierthanthewayofmakingteainteapots.Insummer,mostAmericansdrinkicedtea.Theyliketoputsomeiceintheirtea.6.將文中(1)處“例如”翻譯成英語___________________________7.文中(2)處“it”代替的是________________________(限填一個單詞)8.將文中(3)處Itisveryoldandfullofmeaning.譯成漢語。9.將文中(4)處“他們有時在飯后喝茶.”譯成英語。10.WhatkindofteadomostAmericansdrinkinsummer?(根據(jù)文章，用完整的句子回答)三、TheFirstLessonisagreatpublicwelfare(公益的)programforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.It'sshownat8p.m.onSeptember1steveryyear.Thisyear'sFirstLessontakes"Struggling(奮斗)toachievedreams"asthetheme,anditisdividedintothreeparts:workinghard,keepinggoingandfightingtogether.(1)Theprograminvitedsomespecialguest.Winnersof"theAugust1stMedal",RoleModeloftheTimes,scientificandtechnologicalworkers,Olympicplayersandvolunteerssharedalivelyandinteresting"firstlesson"withstudentsinChina.Thisyear'sprogrammovedtheclassroomtotheWentianspacelab.TheastronautsoftheShenzhouXIVwhowereonbusinessinspacealsojoinedintheprogramthroughtheconnection.(2)WangYaping,China'sfirstfemaleastronauttowalkinspace...Besides,thisyear'sclassalsomovedtheclassroomintoSaihanbamechanical(機械的)forestfarmandXihuangbannaAsianelephantsavingandbreeding(繁殖)center.StudentsfeltthebeautifulandamazinglandofChina.Allofthemdevelopedtheirsenseofnationalprideafterhavingthisclass.(3)Onlyiftheyoungarestrongcanourcountrybepowerfulenough.AllthestudentsdevelopedthesenseofnationalprideafterwatchingtheFirstLesson.TheFirstLessonencouragesteenagerstostruggleintheneweraandstartanewjourneywithlivelyandexcitingstories.Asateenagerinthenewtime,weshouldthinkaboutthepurposeofthestorycharacters,regardthemasourownexample,learntheirspirit.Inthefuture,weshouldbeemoreserioustowardsstudyandbeeausefulpersontoworkhard!11.文中(1)處畫線部分有錯誤，改正并抄寫。12.根據(jù)下列單詞提示，將文中（2）處畫線句子補全，使上下語義通順、連貫、語法正確（詞數(shù)不限）。also,share,experience,return,earth,space13.將文中（3）處畫線句子翻譯為漢語。14.What'sthethemeofthisyear'sFirstLesson?15.HowdidstudentsfeelafterwatchingtheFirstLesson?四、Beingfriendswithsomeonedoesnotmeanthatyouagreewitheverythinghedoes.Sometimes,youmightdisagreesostronglywiththewayafriendbehavesthatyouwanttomentionittohim.Youmayfinditsohardtotalktoyourfriend.It'simportanttoknowsometipsonhowtomakethetalkfriendlyandeffective.Askyourselfwhatchangesyouexpect.Ifyouplantotellyourfriendtochange,youneedtolayoutexamplesofwhatyouexpecthimtochangefirst.Thismaybethatafriendisdishonest,toolazy,orsometimesheinterferes(干擾)withyou.Knowwhyyouwantthesechanges.Arethesechangesforyourconvenience,foryourfriend'swellbeing,oranecessaryfactor(因素)incontinuingthefriendship?Youneedtobereadytoopenupandgivehimthetruth.Forexample,youcanexpresshowbadyoufeelandwhatwillhappenifyourfriendmakesachange.Picktherighttimeandplacetotalk.Youshouldhavethistalkinpersonifpossible.Pickatimewhenneitherofthefriendsistoostressedandmeetsomewherethatyouwon'tbeinterrupted.Talktothefriendcalmly.Itcanmakeyoumunicatewithyourfriendclearly.Whenyoutalk,don'traisethevoicetoyourfriend.16.Ifyouwantyourfriendtochange,youneedto_______examplesofwhatyouexpecthimtochangefirst.17.Youneedtoopenupandgiveyourfriendthetruthtoknowwhyyouwant_______.18.Whenistherighttimetohaveatalkwiththefriend?19.Howcanyoumunicatewithyourfriendclearly?20.Three:Findoutandwritedownthetopicsentenceofthepassage.五、"Notouching"isaruleofmanymuseums.However,thereisamuseumwheretouchingisthemostimportantthingtodo.ItisPleaseTouchMuseum,amuseuminPhiladelphia,theUSA.Itencouragesvisitorstotouch,feelandseeeverythinginit.PleaseTouchMuseumopenedin1976andhasbeenagoodplaceforkidsandparentseversince.Itoffersinteractiveexhibits(互動式展品)onart,history,science,culture,andmoreforallages.Therearealsospecialeventsforthewholefamily.Thereisalwayssomethingnewtoseeanddo.The"Food&Family"exhibitisoneofthemuseum'smostpopularexhibits.Kidslearnaboutwherefoodesfrom,wheretheycanfindit,andhowimportantitisindifferentcultures.Kidscandoroleplayingthere.Kidswillshopfordinneratthesupermarket,makeapizzainthekitchenandstudycheesesandteafromaroundtheworld.Themuseumiseducational,andtheinteractiveexhibitsmakelearningfun.Also,thereisanareainthemuseumforparentsandtheirkidstotalk,playandspendtimetogether.What'smore,theticketsaren'texpensive!That'swhyit'ssopopularwithfamilies.閱讀短文，完成下列任務。21.WhenandwheredidthePleaseTouchMuseumopen?(nomorethan7words)______________________________________________22.Whatdoesthemuseumencouragevisitorstodo?(nomorethan11words)______________________________________________23.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?(nomorethan8words)______________________________________________24.請將文中畫線的句子翻譯成漢語。______________________________________________25.請給短文擬一個適當?shù)臉祟}。______________________________________________六、Lastweekwewentonaschooltriptoasciencemuseum.Ms.Liu,theguide,showedusaroundasmarthome.Westartedwiththefrontdoor.Ms.Liuaskedmetoringthedoorbell.Ididn'tnoticethetinycamerathatwasfixedjustaboveit.AfterIpressed(按)thedoorbell,thecamerasentalivevideo(視頻直播)tothehomeowners."Theycanelectronicallyopenthedoorwhentheyarenotathome,"saidMs.Liu.TheotherthingIcouldn'tseeonthedoorwasalock."Theremustbeone,"Ithought.Atthistime,Ms.Liutookoutasmartphoneandputitagainstthedoor.Anditopened."Oh,thekeyisonthesmartphone."Afterenteringthelivingroom,Isawaputeronatable.Byusingtheputer,theownerscancontrolhowmuchenergyisused.Inthisway,theycanmanagetheirlivingcost.OneoftheroomsIwantedtoseemostwasthebedroom.Tomygreatsurprise,thebeddisappearedintotheflooratthetouchofthesmartphone.Thewindowhasasmartblind(百葉窗).Itcanberaisedandloweredwithavoice.AsIleftthesmarthome,IlookedbackonwhatIhadjustseen.Scientistsoftensaythattheseproductsareimprovingourlife.Ithinkthetechnologyinthesmarthomemaymakeuslazier.However,thereisnodoubtthatitwillbeemorepopularinthehomesoftomorrow.26.Ms.Liushowedthestudentsaround___________________inasciencemuseum.27.Thehomeownerscanelectronically___________________whentheyarenotathome.28.Whereisthekeytothedoor?29.Howcantheownerscontrolhowmuchenergyisused?30.Doyoulikethetechnologyinthesmarthome?Whyorwhynot?

答案以及解析一、1.答案：protecttheirplants解析：根據(jù)文中Farmerscancheckthedrones'airsamplesandtrytofindwaystoprotecttheirplantsbeforethebacteriagettothem.可知農(nóng)民可以檢查無人機的空氣樣本，在細菌到達之前找到保護植物的方法。故答案為protecttheirplants。2.答案：lookfor解析：根據(jù)文中Therearealsospecialcamerasondrones.Theycanhelpfarmerslookforanimalsthatcouldharmtheircows.可知無人機上也有特殊的攝像頭。他們可以幫助農(nóng)民尋找可能傷害他們奶牛的動物。故答案為lookfor。3.答案：Theycanfindoutwhichpartsofafieldaredryorneedimprovement.解析：根據(jù)文中Usingthemapfarmerscanfindoutwhichpartsofafieldaredryorneedimprovement.可知使用這張地圖，農(nóng)民可以發(fā)現(xiàn)某塊地的哪些部分是干的，哪些地方需要改進。故答案為Theycanfindoutwhichpartsofafieldaredryorneedimprovement.。4.答案：Nowthesesmallflyingrobotsbegintochangethewayoffarming.解析：由首段Nowthesesmallflyingrobotsbegintochangethewayoffarming.可知現(xiàn)在這些小型飛行機器人開始改變耕作方式。故答案為Nowthesesmallflyingrobotsbegintochangethewayoffarming。5.答案：無人機可以比傳統(tǒng)機器更快地完成田間噴灑。解析：spraying：噴灑；muchfasterthan...:比...快。tradition：傳統(tǒng)。故答案為"無人駕駛飛機噴灑田地的速度比傳統(tǒng)機器快得多。"或者"無人駕駛飛機可以比傳統(tǒng)機器更快地完成田間噴灑。"二、6.答案：forexample解析：考查英漢互譯，forexample的意思是例如，故填寫"forexample"。7.答案：tea解析：考查對文章細節(jié)的理解，根據(jù)"teaisoftenservedwhenpeoplegettogether"人們在一起的時候會喝茶，可知下文it應該是講中國人在一天中的任何時候都在家里或茶館里喝茶，故it指代茶，故填tea。8.答案：這是一種古老而且充滿深意的儀式。解析：考查英漢互譯，meaning的意思是意義；含義，fullof充滿，故可翻譯為"這是一種古老而且充滿深意的儀式"。9.答案：Theysometimesdrinkteaaftermeals.解析：考查英漢互譯，sometimes的意思是有時，故填"Theysometimesdrinkteaaftermeals"。10.答案：MostAmericansdrinkicedteainsummer.解析：考查對文章細節(jié)的理解，根據(jù)"Insummer，mostAmericansdrinkicedtea"可知夏天，他們喝冰茶，故填MostAmericansdrinkicedteainsummer。三、11.答案：Theprograminvitedsomespecialguests.解析：根據(jù)some一些，后跟名詞復數(shù)，故把guest改成guests。故填：Theprograminvitedsomespecialguests.12.答案：alsosharedherexperienceofreturningtotheearthfromspace.解析：根據(jù)句意，王亞平也分享了她從太空返回地球的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)上文一般過去時，分享shared，返回地球的經(jīng)歷experienceofreturningtotheearth，故填：alsosharedherexperienceofreturningtotheearthfromspace.13.答案：少年強則國強。解析：Onlyif，只有；theyoungarestrong，少年強壯；ourcountrybepowerfulenough，我們祖國足夠強大。故填：少年強則國強。14.答案：Strugglingtoachievedreams.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Thisyear'sFirstLessontakes"Struggling（奮斗）toachievedreams"asthetheme（今年的第一課以"奮斗實現(xiàn)夢想"為主題）可知今年第一課的主題是"奮斗實現(xiàn)夢想"，故填：Strugglingtoachievedreams.15.答案：TheydevelopedthesenseofnationalprideafterwatchingtheFirstLesson.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段AllthestudentsdevelopedthesenseofnationalprideafterwatchingtheFirstLesson.（所有的學生在看了第一課后都產(chǎn)生了民族自豪感。）可知所有的學生在看了第一課后都產(chǎn)生了民族自豪感。故填：TheydevelopedthesenseofnationalprideafterwatchingtheFirstLesson.四、16.答案：layout解析：根據(jù)第二段中的"Ifyouplantotellyourfriendtochange,youneedtolayoutexamplesofwhatyouexpecthimtochangefirst."可知，如果你打算告訴你的朋友去改變，你需要首先列出你希望他改變的例子。故填layout。17.答案：thesechanges解析：根據(jù)第三段中的"Knowwhyyouwantthesechanges.Arethesechangesforyourconvenience,foryourfriend'swellbeing,oranecessaryfactor(因素)incontinuingthefriendship?Youneedtobereadytoopenupandgivehimthetruth."可知，你需要敞開心扉，告訴你的朋友你為什么想要這些改變。故填thesechanges。18.答案：Whenneitherofthefriendsistoostressed./It'swhenneitherofthefriendsistoostressed.解析：根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Pickatimewhenneitherofthefriendsistoostressedandmeetsomewherethatyouwon'tbeinterrupted."可知，和朋友談話的合適時間是當朋友都沒有太大壓力的時候。故填Whenneitherofthefriendsistoostressed./It'swhenneitherofthefriendsistoostressed.19.答案：Bytalkingtothefriendcalmly./Icantalktothefriendcalmly.解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的"Talktothefriendcalmly.Itcanmakeyoumunicatewithyourfriendclearly."可知，冷靜地與朋友