專題2.解題技巧-細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞義猜測(cè)題

解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題細(xì)節(jié)理解題1..細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要的設(shè)問方式①Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?②Whichofthefollowingismentioned/notmentionedinthepassage?③Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothispassage?④Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?⑤Whichofthefollowingshows/givestherightrelationship/positionof...?⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧所謂“事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)”是指在閱讀理解的短文中客觀存在的事實(shí)。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)一般都可以在原文中找到。當(dāng)然,有的試題還得對(duì)原文所提供的事實(shí)去偽存真,進(jìn)行一定程度的比較,才能做出正確的選擇。(1)搜尋直接答案的閱讀技巧首先從問題入手,準(zhǔn)確理解題目含義,先明確要查找什么具體信息,如:考查時(shí)間(when)還是考查原因(why),再帶著具體問題閱讀文章。如果所提問題是文章中現(xiàn)成的內(nèi)容(即直接性答案),就可采用瀏覽式閱讀,直接搜尋答案。例BeingabletospeakaforeignlanguageisoneofthemostusefulskillsIhaveeverlearned.Ithasallowedmetomeetnewpeopleandlearnsomuchaboutdifferentculturesandtraditions.Inthisway,ithashelpedmetoopenmyeyesandmymindtoeverythingthatisgoingonintheworld,ratherthanjustintheUK.Whereisthewriterfrom?A.China. B.Germany. C.France. D.TheUK.解析本段簡(jiǎn)述了會(huì)說一門外語給“我”帶來的好處,讓“我”開闊眼界,了解世界,由最后一句中ratherthanjustintheUK可知正確答案為D。答案D(2)搜尋間接答案的閱讀技巧①讀文章所給的問題,判斷哪些題目可以依靠通讀來解決。比如概括文章主題,給無標(biāo)題文章選標(biāo)題,指出作者的思想觀點(diǎn)、意圖等的題目就需要依靠通讀來解決。②用較短的時(shí)間大體上瀏覽一下閱讀材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么內(nèi)容,屬于什么體裁,以及文章的大體結(jié)構(gòu)、重點(diǎn)分布等。③一般來說,文章第一段或前幾句包含著作者的基本思想和下文的發(fā)展線索。認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段或前幾句,抓住其中的重要信息,有助于把握全文發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。④利用段落的開頭句和結(jié)尾句。據(jù)估計(jì),英語中大部分闡述性文章段落的開頭為主題句,表達(dá)出該段的主題思想。有時(shí)開頭句主題思想不明確,這時(shí)主題思想在結(jié)尾句中則很可能提出。從段落的開頭句和結(jié)尾句中常常能很快地找到段落的主題。⑤充分利用結(jié)尾段的作用。多數(shù)文章的結(jié)尾段具有特殊意義。作者一般在結(jié)尾段對(duì)前幾段做總結(jié),下結(jié)論,表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)。結(jié)尾段(句)一般與開頭段(句)相呼應(yīng),將文章的首段(句)和結(jié)尾段(句)聯(lián)系起來,往往可以有效地把握全文的中心思想。中考真題(2023年湖北省武漢市)BBertwonanationalprizecalledYoungHeroesforhis“green”project.Thispublicspiritedyoungpersonwasnowauniversitystudent.Hisloveforinsectsgrewdeeperandhewasprotectingthemforthefuture.36.AfterBertwashonoredwithYoungHeroes,_________.A.heoftengavespeechesinpublicB.hesetuphis“green”projectC.hebecameinterestedinswallowtailsD.hewentonprotectinginsects36細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BertwonanationalprizecalledYoungHeroesforhis‘green’project…Hisloveforinsectsgrewdeeperandhewasprotectingthemforthefuture”可知，獲獎(jiǎng)之后繼續(xù)保護(hù)昆蟲，故選D。Bertstartedazinniagardenathishouse,whereheraisedalargenumberofswallowtailsovertheyears.Withtheworld’sswallowtailpopulationfalling,Bertwantedpeopletorealizethatifinsectslikeswallowtailsdisappeared,sowouldalltheothersabovethemonthefoodchain.Tomakethefactclearandeasytounderstandforotherstudents,healsocreatedazinniagardenathisjuniorhighschool.39.ThemainreasonforBerttocreateazinniagardenatschoolwas_________.A.towatchstudentshavefunB.tomakehisschoolmorebeautifulC.tostopswallowtailsfromdisappearingD.tohelpkidslearnaboutswallowtails39細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tomakethefactclearandeasytounderstandforotherstudents,healsocreatedazinniagardenathisjuniorhighschool”可知，是為了幫助孩子了解鳳蝶，故選D。(2023年湖北省武漢市)CWhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam(束)oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity(相對(duì)論)”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas,memoriesandexperiencesthataren’thappeningrightnow.Itmeansthinkingaheadtoaholidayorrememberinghowmuchyouenjoyedabirthdayparty.AccordingtoChina’shealthauthorities(權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)),daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyourhealthandcreativity.Disappearingintoadaydreamletsyourmindescapewhenthingsaredifficult.Ithelpsyoudealwithworriesandfears.Forexample,imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakupinclassislikepracticingthesceneinyourhead,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.Daydreamingalsoinspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits(限制)towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.GuoQiang,anexpertinthoughtsandfeelings,thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream.“Thinkingforpleasurecanbeapowerfultooltoshapeourfeelings,”hesaid.However,trynottoletyourmindbeabsentwhenyouneedtofocus(聚焦)inclassorcrosstheroad.Instead,findatimewhenyoudon’thavetofocusonanything,likegoingforawalkorbrushingyourteeth.Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup.Toencouragecreativity,thinkaboutinterestingideasandseewhereyourmindtakesyou.Researchshowsthatpeopleofteneupwithmoresolutionstoproblemsafterthey’vetakenabreak.Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyourdaydreamstakeyou.42.Daydreamingcanmakepeople_________.A.flyaround B.walkslowly C.thinkfreely D.beabsentminded43.GuoQiangfirstsuggests_________.A.escapingfromthehardtime B.lookingfornewworldsC.findingtimetoimagine D.focusingonsuccess44.Whatismentionedinparagraph4?A.Thestepstodaydream.B.Thethingstodaydreamof.C.Thereasonsfordaydreaming.D.Themeaningsofdaydreaming.42細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace”可知白日夢(mèng)可以讓你產(chǎn)生天馬行空的想象，自由地思考。故選C。43細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“thinksweshouldallmaketimetodaydream”可知他建議要找點(diǎn)時(shí)間去做白日夢(mèng)。故選C。44細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Guosuggestsyoucanstartbyfocusingonahappymemoryorimaginingafuturesuccess,likescoringagoalintheWorldCup”可知此處提到了可以白日做夢(mèng)的事情。故選B。(2022年湖北省武漢市)CBoris,aforeignstudentatmunicationUniversityofChina,oftenshareshisexperiencesofChinesecultureonhisvlog(視頻博客).41.Throughthevlogs,Borismainlywantsto________.A.teachforeignersChinese B.introduceaChineseuniversityC.sellChineseproducts D.sharehisexperiencesinChina41細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Boris,aforeignstudentatmunicationUniversityofChina,oftenshareshisexperiencesofChinesecultureonhisvlog”可知，通過博客想分享他在中國(guó)的經(jīng)歷，故選D。詞義猜測(cè)題1.詞義猜測(cè)題主要的設(shè)問方式①What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase...inChinese?②Theunderlinedword...refersto/probablymeans...③Theunderlinedword...couldbereplacedby...④Whatisthemeaningof...⑤Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword...?2.詞義猜測(cè)題的解題技巧(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,首先是找出生詞所在部分與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞義。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示因果關(guān)系。例Youshouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn’thisfault.解析通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò)),可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。(2)通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在文章中,有時(shí)作者為避免重復(fù),或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類,使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下,我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系由熟悉的詞語推測(cè)不熟悉詞語的含義。通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happyandgay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。例ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.解析此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一領(lǐng)域。(3)通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí)作者為了說明相反的兩件事或人,使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進(jìn)行對(duì)比,我們可以利用已知單詞推測(cè)未知單詞的詞義。通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語。例Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.解析根據(jù)“notatallashandsome...”我們不難推測(cè)出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。(4)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義在閱讀文章時(shí),我們總會(huì)遇上一些生詞,有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞義,而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用。此時(shí),如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí),這些問題便不難解決了。(5)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義定義或解釋形式多樣,常由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示。作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想,在文章中對(duì)一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等進(jìn)行解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對(duì)性,利用它們猜詞義比較容易。如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義,理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。例Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.解析從drought所在的句子我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期,即drought,由此可見drought的意思是“久旱,旱災(zāi)”。而adryperiod和drought是同義詞。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號(hào)等來表示。(6)通過舉例來猜測(cè)詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測(cè)生詞的重要線索。例Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.解析pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大概的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。(7)通過描述猜測(cè)詞義描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的描寫。例ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.解析從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類,即企鵝。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。(8)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義①有些單詞并不能直接猜測(cè)出其詞義,但可以根據(jù)上下文的提示猜測(cè)出其詞義。例OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomethingpositiveoutofit.

Itwasn’tuntilafewweeksafterSeptember11thatIbegantoseethatperhapssomegooddidefromthistragedy.Theword“positive”inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.terrible B.bad C.good D.real解析根據(jù)上文“我一直認(rèn)為不管世間的事物有多么糟,你還是能發(fā)現(xiàn)它積極的一面?！币虼舜鸢甘荂。②在句子或段落中,若事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。例Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon’tliketobewithhim.

Theunderlinedphrase“allwet”means.

A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong解析根據(jù)下文“我不喜歡跟他在一起”可知,他如果認(rèn)為能約我出去,那就“錯(cuò)了”。因此D是正確答案。(9)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí),我們利用自己的生活常識(shí),便可知道生詞的含義。例Adeafanddumbguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.

解析從句子意思可知他想買釘子,那么賣釘子的商店無疑是五金店。(10)利用單詞的發(fā)音進(jìn)行推測(cè)英語中有些單詞來自漢語,與漢語的發(fā)音有些相似,另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語時(shí)采用音譯,如:sofa(沙發(fā)),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(臺(tái)風(fēng)),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龍)等。因此,利用單詞的發(fā)音也是一種猜測(cè)的手段。例TheOlympicGamesbeganinthe5thcenturyBC.

OnedayitwasrevealedthatMrsMorelhadcancerandwasbeyondanyhelpexceptthatofmorphine.

解析上面這兩個(gè)句子中畫線的兩個(gè)詞,只要我們能準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音,就能知道它們的意思分別是“奧林匹克”和“嗎啡”。中考真題(2023年湖北省武漢市)BWhenhewasaround4or5,healwayslovedtowatchdifferentinsects,especiallybeautifulswallowtails(鳳蝶).Oneinterestingfacthelearnedaboutswallowtailswasthattheirbrightcolorswarnedhungryanimalsthattheytastedbad.Anditwasalsofuntowatchhowtheycameintobeing.Butthereasonhereallyfellinlovewiththemwasthattheywereveryaccessible.Forexample,ifyouwantedtoattract(吸引)swallowtails,youplantedsomezinnias,akindofbrightflowers.38.Theunderlinedword“accessible”inparagraph2means“_________”.A.dangeroustofeed B.easytogetclosetoC.hardtoraise D.safetoreach38詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Butthereasonhereallyfellinlovewiththemwasthattheywereveryaccessible”及“Forexample,ifyouwantedtoattract(吸引)swallowtails,youplantedsomezinnias,akindofbrightflowers”可知，如果你想吸引鳳蝶，你就種一些百日菊，也就是鳳蝶很容易接近，所以劃線單詞與easytogetcloseto同義，故選B。(2022年湖北省武漢市)BOncemyteacher,MissMills,hadgivenmealistoftenspellingwords.MymotherandIwentoverthelistuntilIknewthosewords.Ifeltgreat.Ithought,“Wow!Thistime,I’mgoingtopass.”Thenextday,Iwentintotheclassroomandbegantowritedownthewords.Thefirstwordwascarper.Iwrotethatonedown:carpet.Iwasfeelingprettyconfident.ThencameneighborIwrotedownthelettern.ThenrhythmIknewtherewasanr.SuburbanIwrotesub.Myconfidencefailedme.Ihadgonefrom100percenttomaybeaDminus.Wheredidthewordsgo?Somepeopletalkaboutinformationslidingoffyourbrain.Thatwasmylife.Iwasanunderachiever(未能充分發(fā)揮學(xué)習(xí)潛力者).38.Theunderlinedphrase“slidingoff”inParagraph3probablymeans________.A.inginto B.goingthroughC.movingaround D.disappearingfrom38詞義猜測(cè)題。第二段中作者原本記住了單詞并且感覺極好，但開始寫的時(shí)候卻一錯(cuò)再錯(cuò)，結(jié)合“Somepeopletalkaboutinformationslidingoffyourbrain.”可推出此處指信息從大腦中消失，slidingoff意為“disappearingfrom”。故選D。(2021湖北省武漢市)BThankthosegoodmenwhohavedevotedthemselvestothedevelopmentofourcountryside.Nowadays,peopleworkhardtoliveinabigcity.However,weshouldnotforgetourhometownswherewearefrom.39.Theunderlinedphrasedevotedthemselvestoisclosestinmeaningto________.A.preparedmuchfor B.donatedmoneytoC.drawnpublicattentionto D.putmucheffortinto39詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“Thankthosegoodmenwhohavedevotedthemselvestothedevelopmentofourcountryside.”可知，感謝那些為我們的農(nóng)村發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)的好人們，此處“devotedthemselvesto”的意思是“付出很多努力，做出貢獻(xiàn)”，故選D。(2021湖北省武漢市)CWuMengchao,the“FatherofChineseHepatobiliarySurgery(肝膽外科)”,focusedonsavingpeople’slivesfornearlyeightyyears.Heperformedmorethan16,000operationsduringhislife.Holdingthesurgeon’sknifeforsuchalongtimedeformedhisfingers.Wuoncesaid,“ItwouldmygreatesthappinessifIcouldworkattheoperatingtableuntilmydyingday.”42.Theunderlinedphrasedeformedhisfingerscouldbereplacedby________.A.changedtheshapeofhisfingers B.madehimfeeldownC.gavehimtoomuchpressure D.gothisfingerscutoff42詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Holdingthesurgeon’sknifeforsuchalongtime...”可以猜測(cè)，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間握手術(shù)刀導(dǎo)致他的手指變形了。故選A。綜合練習(xí)一2023年湖北省鄂州市B(LiFangisthefirstprizewinneroftheThirdEnglishSpeechContestforJuniorHighStudents.AjournalistoftheChinaStudents’Postisinterviewingher.)Journalist:Congratulationsonyoursuccess!LiFang:Thanks.It’sreallyagreathonorforme.Journalist:Pleasetelluswhatyou’vedonetodevelopyourEnglishskills.LiFang:Well,mywayistokeeppracticing.Youknowpracticemakesperfect.It’sveryimportanttotakeeveryopportunitytopracticespeakingEnglishinandoutofclass.Journalist:IguessyoukeepanEnglishdiary,don’tyou?LiFang:Yes,Ido.Ikeepitinordertodevelopmywritingskills.Journalist:Howdoyouimproveyourlisteningandreadingskills?LiFang:IoftenlistentoEnglishbroadcastsandwatchEnglishTVprogramsinmysparetime.AndIliketoreadEnglishstoriesandnewspapers.IreadeithertheChinaStudents’Postorthe21stCenturybeforeIgotobed.Journalist:You’reaverygoodlanguagelearnerindeed.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup,LiFang?LiFang:MydreamiseithertobeadiplomatortobeateacherofEnglish.Journalist:Goodforyou!Ihopeyourdreamwilletrue.Nicetalkingtoyou.LiFang:Thankyou,andIenjoyedtalkingtoyou,too.29.LiFangwonthe________prizeintheThirdEnglishSpeechContest.A.first B.second C.third D.fourth30.LiFangimprovesherwritingskillsby________.A.practicingspeakingEnglish B.listeningtoEnglishbroadcastsC.keepinganEnglishdiary D.readingtheChinaStudents’Post31.LiFang________inhersparetime.A.listenstoEnglishbroadcasts B.writesEnglishstoriesC.watchesEnglishmovies D.watchesChineseTVprograms32.LiFangwantstobe________.A.ajournalist B.alanguagelearner C.abroadcasthost D.anEnglishteacher【答案】29.A30.C31.A32.D【解析】本文是一篇采訪稿，記者采訪英語演講比賽一等獎(jiǎng)獲得者李芳，詢問她的英語學(xué)習(xí)方法及其夢(mèng)想。29細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LiFangisthefirstprizewinneroftheThirdEnglishSpeechContestforJuniorHighStudents”可知，李芳是第三屆初中英語演講比賽一等獎(jiǎng)獲得者。故選A。30細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IguessyoukeepanEnglishdiary,don’tyou?”和“Yes,Ido.Ikeepitinordertodevelopmywritingskills.”可知，李芳寫英語日記來提高寫作技巧。故選C。31細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IoftenlistentoEnglishbroadcastsandwatchEnglishTVprogramsinmysparetime.”可知，她經(jīng)常在業(yè)余時(shí)間聽英語廣播和看英語電視節(jié)目。故選A。32細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MydreamiseithertobeadiplomatortobeateacherofEnglish.”可知，我的夢(mèng)想要么是成為一名外交官，要么就是成為一名英語教師。故選D。2023年湖北省荊州市CAsanartist,PeiHaozhengiswellknownforpaperfolding.Inhiseyes,apieceofpaperholdsgreatpossibilities.Hecanfolditintoanything.Heusedhisskillsinhiswork,Deerwith100Flowers(花生滿鹿).It’sadeerwith100flowersonitsantlers(鹿角).Withoutcutsorglue,heusedapieceofpaperwithsidelengths(長(zhǎng)度)of2.22meterstofinishthewholework.Asfortheideaforthework,PeisaiditcamefromaChinesesaying.ItnotonlyshowsthewishesforChineseyoungpeopletohaveabrightfuture,butalsothedeeploveforourcountry.Asachild,Peilearnedfoldingfromteachersandparents,andlaterhecopiedthepatternsfrombooks.Gradually,hewasdrawnintothepaperworld.ForPei,foldingisanartthatneedsmanyskills.Forexample,itneedsknowledgeofmathtomakesureeverythingisintherightplace,suchasthedifferentangles(角度)andthelengthsofthecreases(折痕).However,Peithinksartisticbeautyandexactfoldingarebothimportant.Goingtoofarwitheitherwon’tmakegoodwork.Asanartist,PeiwantstotelltheChinesestorythroughpaper.“Forme,paperfoldingisnotjustaspecialskill,butanartthatcanpasscultureandlastforever,”saidPei.28.WhatdoweknowaboutPeiHaozheng’swork,Deerwith100Flowers?A.Heusedglueandscissorstofinishit.B.Heused100flowerstomakeadeerwithhisparents.CItshowsgoodwishesforChineseyoungpeopleandthecountry.D.Itismadeofsomepiecesofpaperwiththelengthsof2.22meters.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtolearnmathwell. B.Howtobeacreativeartist.C.Whatislessimportantforfolding. D.Whatskillsareneededforhiswork.30.WhatdidPeiHaozhengsayaboutpaperfolding?A.HeusedittospreadChineseculture.B.Ithelpedmuchtolearnitearlier.C.Hewantedtoteachpeopletheskills.D.Itmadehimfamousallovertheworld.31.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.ToexplainwhyPei’sworkissopopular.B.TointroduceaChineseartistPeiHaozheng.C.Todescribethedevelopmentofpaperfolding.D.Toexpressthewriter’sloveforChinesetradition.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】本文介紹了折紙藝術(shù)家裴浩正，以及他的折紙作品。28細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asfortheideaforthework,PeisaiditcamefromaChinesesaying.ItnotonlyshowsthewishesforChineseyoungpeopletohaveabrightfuture,butalsothedeeploveforourcountry.”可知這幅作品不僅表達(dá)了對(duì)中國(guó)年輕人美好未來的祝愿，也表達(dá)了對(duì)祖國(guó)的深情厚愛。故選C。29段落大意題。根據(jù)“ForPei,foldingisanartthatneedsmanyskills.Forexample,itneedsknowledgeofmathtomakesureeverythingisintherightplace,suchasthedifferentangles(角度)andthelengthsofthecreases(折痕).However,Peithinksartisticbeautyandexactfoldingarebothimportant.Goingtoofarwitheitherwon’tmakegoodwork.”可知本段介紹了折紙需要的技巧。故選D。30細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asanartist,PeiwantstotelltheChinesestorythroughpaper.‘Forme,paperfoldingisnotjustaspecialskill,butanartthatcanpasscultureandlastforever,’saidPei.(作為一名藝術(shù)家，裴浩正想通過紙來講述中國(guó)的故事。裴浩正說：“對(duì)我來說，折紙不僅僅是一種特殊的技能，而是一種可以傳遞文化、永存的藝術(shù)。”)”可知裴浩正想借助折紙藝術(shù)來傳遞中國(guó)文化。故選A。31主旨大意題。本文介紹了折紙藝術(shù)家裴浩正，以及他的折紙作品。故選B。2023年湖北省十堰市Ihavean11yearoldsonnamedPeter.Iknewthatplayingsportswouldbegoodtoourson.Hewouldgetsomeexercise,learnaboutteamworkandlearnsomephysicalskills.Wecontinuallyencouragedhimtohaveatry,butafterawhileitwasclearthathedidn’tliketeamsports,andtherewasnothingwecoulddotochangeit.Wedecidednottopushhimtotakepartinsports,eventhoughmostofhisfriendsdidsports.Astimewentby,wegraduallyrealizedthatwehadmadetherightdecision.Don’tmisunderstand(誤解)me.Ihavenothingagainstsports.Nowmysonisn’tinterestedinsports,butI’mnotpushinghimtodosports.Herearethereasons:IwanthimtoknowIaccepthimunconditionally.Idon’tevenwantPetertofeelthatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayortakespartinsomeactivities.Whetherhesucceedsorfails,hewillalwaysbemyson,andthatwillneverchange.Iwanthimtoformhisownpath(道路)inlife.Hispathdoesn’thavetobethesameasmine.Infact,webothhavesimilarinterestsinseveralareaslikemusic,putersandStarWars,butwe’realsodifferentinmanyways.Peterneedstobefreetogohisownpath.IwanthimtoknowthatIdon’tjudge(判斷)myworthbyhisachievements.Everyfatherwillfeelproudofhissonifhecanmakegreatachievements.Somostparentsalwayspushthemsohard.Sometimeswehaveseenourselvesindirectlythroughourownsons.Theirachievementsremindusofourwonderfuldaysinthepast.Wemustmakesurewedon’twanttomakeupfor(彌補(bǔ))ourownregretsbypushingoursonstoclimbhigherandgofurtherthanwedid.31Theadvantagesofdoingsportsdon’tinclude________.A.gettingsomeexercise B.gettingsomeexamskillsC.learningaboutteamwork D.learningsomephysicalskills32.Whatwasthewriter’sfinaldecision?A.Oursonmustmasterakindofsport.B.Heshoulddothesamethingashisfriends.C.Wedidn’tpushhimtodosportshedisliked.D.Wewouldpushhimtofindwhathewasgoodat.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unconditionally”mean?A.慎重地 B.無條件地 C.不耐煩地 D.猶豫地34.Howmanyreasonsdoesthefathergivefornotpushinghissontotakepartinsports?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.35.Whichsentencecanbestdescribethefatherinthispassage?A.Heisawiseandopenmindedfather.B.Hedoesn’tcareabouthisson’sfuture.C.Heisbraveandknowswhentogiveup.D.Heisrichenoughtosupportthewholefamily.【答案】31.B32.C33.B34.B35.A【解析】本文主要講述了作者起初想培養(yǎng)兒子喜歡做運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子對(duì)做運(yùn)動(dòng)根本不感興趣，作者就放棄了。后來發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者做的決定是正確的，作者舉例了幾點(diǎn)原因。31細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hewouldgetsomeexercise,learnaboutteamworkandlearnsomephysicalskills.”可知，做運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處包括得到一些鍛煉，學(xué)習(xí)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，學(xué)習(xí)一些身體技能，故選B。32細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wedecidednottopushhimtotakepartinsports,eventhoughmostofhisfriendsdidsports.”可知，最后作者決定不強(qiáng)迫他參加體育活動(dòng)，故選C。33詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Idon’tevenwantPetertofeelthatIwilllovehimonlyifhebehavesinacertainwayortakespartinsomeactivities.”可知，不希望彼得覺得，只有當(dāng)他表現(xiàn)出某種行為方式或參加某些活動(dòng)時(shí)，作者才會(huì)愛他，而是要讓兒子認(rèn)為，父母是無條件接受他的，所以劃線部分表示“無條件地”，故選B。34細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Herearethereasons:”、“IwanthimtoknowIaccepthimunconditionally.”、“Iwanthimtoformhisownpath(道路)inlife.”及“IwanthimtoknowthatIdon’tjudge(判斷)myworthbyhisachievements.”可知，作者共列舉了三點(diǎn)原因，故選B。35推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一和第二段可知，作者剛開始想培養(yǎng)兒子喜歡做運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子真的對(duì)它不感興趣，作者并沒有因?yàn)槠渌∨笥炎鲞\(yùn)動(dòng)而勉強(qiáng)兒子去做不喜歡的事情，從這些事情可以看出作者是一個(gè)明智而豁達(dá)的父親，故選A。2023年湖北省孝感市（2）Aphotoofaboycarryinghistennisracketsinabamboobasketbeespopularonline.Theboy,WangFa,14,isamemberoftheVa(佤族)fromYunnan.Afterhewontheunder14title(十四歲以下男單冠軍）attheASICSTennisJuniorTourinGuangzhou,anaudience(觀眾)fromYunnangavehimthebamboobasketasagiftandthephotowastaken.“Wealwayscarrybamboobasketswhenweworkinthefield.Thisisatypical(有代表性的）farmingtooloftheVa.Icarriedmyracketsinthisbaskettohonormyhometown.”Wangsaid.Beforeplayingtennis,Wangwasjustavillageboy.Butin2016,hewaschosenbyalocalclubasaprofessionaltennisplayer.“Iwasnervousatthebeginningbecausetheoutsideworldwassodifferentfrommyhome.Tennishashelpedmemakemorefriendsandgetabettereducation.”hesaid.Overthepastsixyears,WanghastrainedhardtoimprovehisskillsattheYunnanWildElephantsTennisClub.Hewouldgetupat6:30a.m.andpracticeformorethansixhoursaday.Heneededtoswingaracket(揮拍)morethan7,000timesandrun9kilometerseveryday.“Ifitwerenotfortennis,Iwouldstillbehelpingmyfamilywithfarmworkathome.”Wangsaid.Wang’sparentsdidn’twanthimtolearntennisatfirstbecausetheycouldn’taffordit.Luckily,thetennisclubofferedtoteachhimforfree.ForWang,winningtheASICSTennisJuniorTourtitlewasthebeginningofthefuturewithhope,“Iwilltrymybesttogettothetopontheprofessionalstage.”hesaid.30.WhatdidWangFagetfromanaudiencefromYunnan?A.Tennisrackets. B.Thefirstprize.C.Aphoto. D.Abamboobasket.31.Theunderlinedword“honor”inParagraph3issimilarto“________”A.showloveto B.makeapromisetoC.dependon D.playapartin32.What’sthemainideaofParagraph5?A.Wang’sgreatsuccess.B.GreatchangesinWang’slife.C.Wang’sdailylifeintheclub.D.ThereasonwhyWangchosetennis.33.WhopaidforWangFatolearntennis?A.Atennisclub. B.Wang’sparents.C.Wang’sschool. D.AnaudiencefromYunnan.34.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Wangdislikedhistennistraining.B.WangesfromavillageinGuangzhou.C.Wangexpressedhishopeforthefuturelife.D.Wanglikedfarmingmorethanplayingtennis.【答案】30.D31.A32.C33.A34.C【解析】本文主要分享了一張小男孩把網(wǎng)球拍放在來自云南觀眾贈(zèng)予的竹籃里的照片，由此引出這個(gè)小男孩在成長(zhǎng)的路上刻苦練習(xí)網(wǎng)球，最后被當(dāng)?shù)匾患揖銟凡窟x為職業(yè)網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，并在廣州舉辦的ASICS青少年網(wǎng)球巡回賽中，他獲得十四歲以下男單冠軍的勵(lì)志故事。30細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“anaudience(觀眾)fromYunnangavehimthebamboobasketasagiftandthephotowastaken”可知，得到了一個(gè)竹籃子，故選D。31詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Wealwayscarrybamboobasketswhenweworkinthefield.Thisisatypical(有代表性的）farmingtooloftheVa.Icarriedmyracketsinthisbaskettohonormyhometown”可知，在田地里工作的時(shí)候總是背著竹籃子，所以這是家鄉(xiāng)有代表性的農(nóng)具，把球拍裝進(jìn)這個(gè)籃子里也是為了紀(jì)念自己的家鄉(xiāng)，所以劃線單詞與showloveto詞義相近，故選A。32主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Hewouldgetupat6:30a.m.andpracticeformorethansixhoursaday.Heneededtoswingaracket(揮拍)morethan7,000timesandrun9kilometerseveryday”可知，本文主要講述了他在俱樂部的日常生活，故選C。33細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Luckily,thetennisclubofferedtoteachhimforfree”可知，網(wǎng)球俱樂部免費(fèi)教他，所以是網(wǎng)球俱樂部出錢讓他學(xué)網(wǎng)球，故選A。34推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ForWang,winningtheASICSTennisJuniorTourtitlewasthebeginningofthefuturewithhope,‘Iwilltrymybesttogettothetopontheprofessionalstage.’hesaid.”可知，他對(duì)未來的生活表達(dá)了希望，會(huì)盡最大的努力在職業(yè)舞臺(tái)上達(dá)到頂峰，故選C。二（2022·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考一模）Wemightusuallyseethissceneinsciencefictionormovies:peoplearetravelingbetweencitiesintubes.Thetubetrainsareevenfasterthanplanes,andpeoplearriveattheirdestinationsinminutes.Well,onebigstepwastakentomakethishappen.OnMay11,2018,thefirstopenairtestofthepropulsionsystem(推進(jìn)系統(tǒng))foratubetrain,whichiscalledtheHyperloop,tookplaceintheNevadadesert,US.Thesystemwentfrom0to169kilometersperhourinjustoverasecond.Wemayfeelshockedatthefactbutthisisn’tthefinalgoal.ElonMusk,founderoftheUSspacepanySpaceX,firsthadtheideafortheHyperloopin2013.Hewantspassengerstotravelinlowpressuretubes,propelled(推進(jìn))bymagnets(磁鐵),ataspeedofaround1,200Kilometersperhour.ThemonspeedofBoeingairplanesis800to1,100kilometersperhour.MuskcallstheHyperloopthefifthmainkindoftransportationforhumans,afterships,cars,trainsandplanes.Accordingtohim,theHyperloopissafe,producesfewergreenhousegasesandcanworkinanyweather.Butrightnow,HyperloopOneisstillfarawayfromitsfinalproduct.OnemajorproblemaboutmakingtheintercityHyperloopavailableisthatitcouldcosttoomuch.“They’reupagainstairlines,andairlinesdon’tneedtobuildhundredsofmilesoftubes,”saidJoseGomezIbanez,aprofessorofcityplanningatHarvardUniversity,US.Sowewillhavetowaitandsee.4．Theunderlinedword“destinations”means________.A．目的地 B．出發(fā)地 C．出生地 D．戶籍地5．ElonMuskfirsthadtheideafortheHyperloop________.A．in2018 B．in2013 C．in2014 D．in20226．Whichisthefourthmainkindoftransportation?A．Theship. B．Thecar. C．Theplane. D．TheHyperloop.7．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheHyperloop?A．Itissafe. B．Itcanproducefewergreenhousegases.C．Itcanworkinanyweather. D．Itshighestspeedis1,000kilometersperhour.8．OneofthedisadvantagesoftheintercityHyperloopisthat

________.A．itisnotconvenienttotake B．itcoststoomuchmoneyC．itisn’tassafeastheplane D．itcan’tcarrytoomanypassengers4．A

5．B

6．C

7．D

8．B【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了人類歷史上即將出現(xiàn)的第五大交通工具——超級(jí)高鐵。該高鐵的時(shí)速可達(dá)每小時(shí)1200公里左右，它的缺點(diǎn)是造價(jià)太高。4．詞句猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合“arriveat”可知，人們到達(dá)目的地。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根