專業(yè)英語詞匯整理

能源與動力工程專業(yè)英語詞匯整理（Chapter1~5）1.1Thermodynamicsthermodynamics熱力學condensor冷凝器heatengine熱機evaporator蒸發(fā)器heatpump熱泵controlvolume(CV）控制體積entropy熵refrigerant制冷劑enthalpy焓saturated飽和的HVAC(HeatingVentilatingAirConditioning)供暖通風空調1.2HeatTransferFourier'sLaw傅立葉定律heat-transfercoefficient傳熱系數(shù)evaporator蒸發(fā)器refraction折射thermophysical熱物性的absorptivity吸收率Kinematicviscosity動力粘度Cartesiancoordinates笛卡爾坐標系Spectral光譜的thermalconductivity導熱系數(shù)1.3FluidMechanicsshearforces剪切力eddy渦旋nondimensional無量綱的viscosity黏度Frictionalforces摩擦力Inertiaforces慣性力inviscid無黏性pressurelosses壓力損失laminarflow層流hydraulicdiameter水力直徑2.1AShortHistoryofCombustionTheoryphlogistion可燃質，可燃素specificheat比熱carbonmonoxide一氧化碳flamepropagation火焰?zhèn)鞑ethane甲烷，沼氣laminarflame層流火焰BunsenBurner本生燃燒器activationenergy活化能calorimeter量熱器（計）universalgasconstant通用氣體常數(shù)NASA（美國）國家航空航天局freeradical自由基團academician院士，會員preclude預防，排除，阻（妨）礙2.2FossilFuelsresidualoil殘（渣）油anthracite無煙煤coke-ovengas焦爐氣bituminous煙煤lignin本（質）素，本質subbituminous次煙煤lignite褐煤flashpoint閃點peat泥煤chromatography色譜（分離）法，色譜（學）fixedcarbon固定碳strata(stratum的復數(shù)）（地，巖，階）層vegetation植物（被），（植物）生長hermetically密封著地，氣密coalification煤化（過程）2.3MethodsofBurningSolidFuelscarrierair輸送（攜帶）空氣circulatingfluidizedbed循環(huán)流化床pulverizedfuel粉狀燃料，煤粉scrubbingsystem（煙氣）洗滌（除塵）系統(tǒng)fixedgrate固定爐排aperture孔，洞，口，嘴bubblingtypeoffluidizedbed鼓泡流化床biasingofairflow偏置流動，流量偏置stokerfiring火床燃燒，層狀燃燒entrained-flow拽（攜）帶流vortex渦流calcine焙燒，煅燒soot-blowing吹灰inventory清單，報表；設備，機器；資源limestone石灰石sulfurdioxide二氧化硫2.4TheFormationandControlofNoxDuringCombustionphotochemical光化學（作用）的turbulence湍流smog煙霧fuel-rich燃料富有的，富燃的collectivelyreferredtoas統(tǒng)稱為fuel-lean燃料貧乏的，貧燃的bench-scale實驗室（規(guī)模）的fuel-boundoxygen燃料（結合的）氧promptNO快速NOfuel-boundnitrogen燃料（結合的）氮thermalNOx熱力NOxdevolatilization析出，釋放出fuelNOx燃料NOx3.1Fossil-FuelPowerPlantCarnotcycle卡諾循環(huán)pulverized-coal煤粉，粉煤Rankinecycle郎肯循環(huán)forced-draft(FD)fan送風機powerplant電廠cycleefficiency循環(huán)效率boiler鍋爐primaryairfan一次風機steamgenerator鍋爐，蒸汽發(fā)生器pulverizer磨煤機burner燃燒器stack煙囪fluegas煙氣induced-draft(ID)fan引風機electrostaticprecipitator靜電除塵器furnace爐膛bagfilterhouse布袋除塵器sootblower吹灰器sulfurdioxidescrubbingsystem脫硫系統(tǒng)airheater空氣預熱器steamturbine汽輪機reheatcycle再熱循環(huán)electricgenerator發(fā)電機feedwaterheater給水加熱器condenser凝氣器deaeratingheater除氧器fossil-fuel化石燃料3.2HydroelectricPowerPlanthydropower水電，水力，水動力switchyard高壓開關站hydroelectricpowerplant水電站hydraulicturbine水輪機dam水壩drafttube尾水管reservoir水庫generator發(fā)電機exciter勵磁機crane起重機governorsystem調節(jié)系統(tǒng)gantrycrane龍門起重機protectivedevice保護裝置insulator絕緣子transformer變壓器switchingequipment開關設備spillway泄洪道transmissionline輸電線penstock水渠angularmomentum角動量powerhouse電站廠房torque力矩surgetank調壓室3.3NuclearPowerPlantnuclearpowerplant核電站heavywater重水nuclearfuel核燃料lightwater輕水uranium鈾controlrod控制棒fission裂變coolant冷卻劑reactor反應堆pressurizedwaterreactor壓水反應堆core堆芯primarysystem一次系統(tǒng)pressurevessel壓力容器secondarysystem二次系統(tǒng)shielding屏蔽enricheduranium濃縮鈾nuclearreaction核反應boilingwaterreactor沸水反應堆fuelrod燃料棒fastbreederreactor快中子增殖反應堆isotope同位素moltensodium融鈉neutron中子helium氦plutonium钚gas-cooledreactor氣冷反應堆moderator慢化劑pressurizedheavywaterreactor壓力重水反應堆graphite石墨3.4CombinedCyclePowerPlantcombinedcycle聯(lián)合循環(huán)dual-cyclesystem雙循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Braytoncycle布蘭登循環(huán)gasturbine燃氣輪機isentropically等熵steamturbine汽輪機mechanicalwork機械功selectivecatalyticreduction選擇性催化還原h(huán)eat-recoverysteamgenerator余熱鍋爐integratedgasificationcombinedcycle整體煤氣化聯(lián)合循環(huán)thermalefficiency熱效率4.1BoilerTypesandApplicationscombustionefficiency燃燒效率steamdrum汽包industrialboiler工業(yè)鍋爐naturalcirculation自然循環(huán)availability可用率controlledcirculation控制循環(huán)reliability可靠性once-throughboiler直流鍋爐superheater過熱器supercriticalboiler超臨界壓力鍋爐reheater再熱器subcriticalboiler亞臨界壓力鍋爐economizer省煤器boilerefficiency鍋爐效率airheater空氣預熱器heatbalance熱平衡capacity容量heatloss熱損失downcomer下降管excessair過量空氣riser上升管4.2Furnacemembranewall膜式壁studdedtube銷釘管waterwall水冷壁dry-bottomfurnace固態(tài)排渣casing爐墻wet-bottomfurnace液態(tài)排渣insulation保溫flyash飛灰refractory耐火材料heatingsurface受熱面slag結渣convectionpass對流煙道erosion腐蝕，侵蝕4.3SuperheaterandReheatersuperheat過熱spray-typeattemperator噴水減溫器superheater過熱器pressuredrop壓降overheating超溫reheater再熱器convectionsuperheater對流過熱器parallelflow順流radiantsuperheater輻射過熱器counterflow逆流seamlesstubes無縫鋼管fluegasbypass煙氣旁通handholecap手孔蓋fluegasrecirculation煙氣再循環(huán)desuperheater(orattemperator)減溫器tiltingburner擺動式燃燒器4.4EconomizerandAirheaterairpreheater空氣預熱器thermocouple熱電偶exitfluegastemperature排煙溫度aciddewpoint酸露點tubularairpreheater回轉式空氣預熱器waterdewpoint水露點header聯(lián)箱steamcoilairheater蒸汽盤管式空氣預熱器（暖風器）tubesheet管板5.1PrinciplesofSteamTurbinesteamturbine汽輪機throttlingloss節(jié)流損失thermalenergy熱能stageefficiency級效率mechanicalwork機械功internalefficiency內效率nozzle噴嘴isentropic等熵kineticenergy動能availableenergy可用能blade葉片reheatfactor再熱系數(shù)rotor轉子stopvalve截止閥shaft軸controlvalve控制閥impulse沖動式exhausthood排氣罩reaction反動式piping管道stage級valve-stem閥桿pressuredrop壓降shaft-endpacking軸端汽封2-rowstage雙列級bearing軸承multistage多級oil-pump油泵5.2Gas-Turbineinternalcombustionengine內燃機propeller推進者，推進物，螺旋推進器piston活塞turbo-propengine渦輪螺旋槳發(fā)動機reciprocatingengine往復式發(fā)動機gear-box變速箱supercharger增壓器jetengine噴氣發(fā)動機aircraft航天器aero-engine飛機引擎，航空發(fā)動機propulsion推進，推進力altitude海拔高度locomotive機車，火車頭afterburner噴射引擎等的加力燃燒室aircompressor空氣壓縮機turbofanengine渦扇發(fā)動機combustionchamber燃燒室dieselengine柴油機turbinewheel渦輪5.3HydraulicTurbinerunner轉輪propeller推進器Kaplanturbine卡普蘭（軸流轉漿式）透平pitchangle槳距角tailwater尾水ru