新編大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程 課件 Unit 3-A East West Different Values1

新編大學(xué)英語跨文化交際教程Unit3PassageA

EastandWest,DifferentValues

ObjectivesKeyConceptsFiveRelationshipsofConfucianismRenaissancehumanismindividualismcollectivismobligationindividual’srightresponsibilityFiveRelationshipsofConfucianismRenaissancehumanismindividualismcollectivismobligationindividual’srightresponsibilityPre-readingQuestions1.DoyouknowwhyChinesepeopleputtheirfamilynamesbeforefirstnameswhileWesternersputtheirfirstnamesbeforefamilynames?

2.PleaseexplainthesymbolicmeaningsoftheStatusofLibertyanditssignificanceintheWesternculture.3.WhatisyourunderstandoftaijiasasymbolofChinesetraditionalculture?TheconceptofvaluesValuesareideasaboutwhatisrightandwrong,desirableandundesirable,normalandabnormal,properandimproper.Italsoincludestheassumptions,theunquestionedgivens,aboutpeople,life,andthewaythingsare.Somethingassumedortakenforgranted.Oftenusedintheplural.

ruler-ministerfather-sonhusband-wifeelder-youngerbrotherfriend-frienddivisionoffunctionaffectionrighteoussenseofdutygoodfaithstratification

fiverelationships--themoralcharacterofChinesepeople“五倫”關(guān)系:“君臣有義，父子有親，夫婦有別，長幼有序，朋友有信”(《孟子·滕文公》)1)ahierarchicalsociety2)humanityisneglected3)noequality1)tooffersolutionstotheillsandevils2)tobuildaharmonioussocietyresultsTheOriginofChineseValues:Confucianismtoformawell-setsocialorderThekeyconceptofConfucianismareFiveCardinalRelationships,namelythosebetweensovereignandsubjects,Ineachcasetheseniorisgivenmoreauthoritythanthejunior.AccordingtoConfuciandoctrine,peopleinlowerpositionmustbeobedienttothoseofhigherpositions,theyoungtotheolder.“三綱五常”thethreecardinalguidesandthefiveconstantvirtues中國儒學(xué)倫理思想的一個(gè)鮮明特征，則是重義輕利，重道德輕法律。Spiritualintegrityshouldoutweighmonetaryconsideration.Taoism

--byLaoziandZhuangziLivingasimplelife;Nottostriveforwealth,fameandpower--whichwillonlybringworriesandtrobules;Withproperbehaviorandself-restraint,apersoncanachievegreatinnerstrengthandaprolongedlife;Achievinggoodgovernmentthroughnon-actionnaturalpassive上善若水——《道德經(jīng)》Thebestofmenislikewater.--Daodejing

Thehighestexcellenceislikethatofwater.（林語堂譯）1.time:2.place:3.beliefs:4.aims:1.14th-17thcenturies2.fromItalytoEnglandtothewholeEurope3.Mannotonlyhadtherighttoenjoythebeautyoftheirlife,butalsohadtheabilitytoperfectthemselvesandperformwonders.4.toemphasize1)thedignityofhumanbeings2)theimportanceofthepresentlifeOriginatedfrom:

TherudimentofHumanismmanManfreedomdemoncracyTheOriginofWesternValues:Renaissanceself-reliancehardworksuccessinlifepersonalachievementhelpingothersfreedomofexpressionpersonalfreedomrightsofindividualopendebatethinkingforoneselfofficialaccountabilitypersonalvaluessocialvaluesAmericanValuespersonalvaluessocialvalues(differencesfromtheWest)(inconcurrencewiththeWest)1)hardwork2)respectforlearning3)honesty4)self-reliance5)endurance1)maintenanceofanorderlysociety2)harmony3)respectforauthority4)accountabilityofpublicofficials5)opennesstonewideas6)freedomofexpression6)successinlife7)personalachievement8)helpingothers9)?ChineseValues社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀ThecorevaluesofChinesesocialism個(gè)人層面國家層面社會(huì)層面prosperitydemocracycivilityharmony自由平等公正法治愛國敬業(yè)誠信友善富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧freedomequalityjusticethe

rule

of

lawpatriotismdedicationintegrityfriendship

CompetitionMaterialWealthindividualism1.Self-reliance2.HardWork3.Successinlife4.Personalachievment5.HelpingCoreofwesternvaluesToppersonalvaluesThepricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedomSelf-reliance:Americansbelievethattheyshouldstandontheirown2feet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.Thebelief

thateveryonehasanequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedintheU.S.

BecausethetitlesofnobilityareforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemhasdevelopedintheU.S.ThepricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunityCompetition:

Ifmuchoflifeisseenasarace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theU.S.appearstobea“l(fā)andofplenty”wheremillionscancometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becomesasloganfortheAmericandream.Materialwealth

becomesakindofvaluestotheAmericanpeople,italsobecomesanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.ThepricetobepaidformaterialwealthHardwork:bothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.Peoplejudgeyoubyhowmuchmoneyyoumake.Firstquestionatapartyis,“Whatdoyoudo?”Materialpossessionsareameasureofsuccess.Inanindividualistculture,youarewhatyou’veachieved;thatis,youcreateyourownworthratherthanreceivingitbyvirtueofbirth,position,seniority,orlongevity.Yourselfesteemcomesfromwhatyouhavedonetoearnself-esteem.IndividualismReferstothedoctrinethattherightsoftheindividualarethemostimportantoneinasociety.Itbelieves

thateachpersonhashisownseparateidentityandpersonality,whichshouldberecognizedandreinforced.Thecoreofindividualismisthepursuitofpersonalinterstandachievements--afundamentalsocialvirture.ThecoreofChinesevalues:collectivism1.Viewingthemselvesasmembersofgroups(family,workunits,tribes,nations);2.Consideringtheneedsofthegrouptobemoreimportantthantheneedsofindividuals;3.Emphasizingcooperationamonggroupmembersandindividualsuccessisduetothecollectiveeffortofthestaffinaunit,anorganizationoracommunity;4.ThesacrificeofindividualinterestforthatofthecollectiveisanoblequalityeulogizedsomuchbyChinesepeoplethatbeingmodestandthoughtfulofothersarehighlypraised.Thecoreofwesternvalues:individualism1)peopleshould___1___themselvesasmuchaspossible.2)therightsofindividualsshouldnotbe____2____totheneedsofalargergroup.3)individualsshouldmakedecisionsforthemselves,andshouldtakecreditand___3____forwhattheyhavepersonalydone.4)individualismisagoodthing.Viewingthemselvesasindividualsandemphasizingtheneedsofindividuals.

Embodimentofindividualismindailylife:1.relyon2.subordinated3.responsibilitybeproudof1)Theyhavetherightto__1___helpfromothermembersoftheirgroups,andhavean___2___tohelpothermembersoftheirgroups;2)Individuasshoud___3___forthebenefitofthegroup;3)Theyarerepresentativesoftheirgroup,andshouldbe____4____fortheothermembersoftheirgroups;4)Individualismis___5____.1.expect2.obligation3.sacrifice4.responsible5.selfishnessEmbodimentofcollectivismindailylife:

Hi,thisisJohnBrown.你好！JohnBrown李小明我I（i）？電話用語姓名文字Individualismtorecognizeandreinforceeachperson'sseparateidentityandpersonalityIndividualismisnotselfishnessbutrathervirtue.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithsomeonewhofailstodemonstrateindividualism.WestCollectivismtoemphasizecooperationamonggroupmembersindividualsuccessisduetothecollectiveeffortofthestaffinaunitindividualismisegoism/selfishness,theloosnessindisciplinetosacrifyindividualinterestforthatofthecollectiveEastBeingmodestandthoughtfulofothersarehighlypraised.TaijiDifferecesindailyactivitiesEastWestSchoolsameclass(ban)samecoursesdifferentclassdifferentcoursesPartydosomethingtogetherdosomethingdiffererntlyandindividuallyHelphavetherighttoexpecthelpfromothermembers;havetheobligationtohelpothermembersdonotexpecthelpfromothers;havenoobligationtohelpothers;assistothersvoluntarilyIndividualvs.groupsacrificeforthebenefitofthegroupnotsubordinatetotheneedsofalargegroup;toprotec