Unit1SectionB知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理Unit1What’sthematter?SectionB課文內(nèi)容：Someonefeltsick.有人生病了。(教材第5頁(yè)1b)【用法詳解】sick〔形容詞〕①生病的;有病的既可作表語(yǔ),也可以作定語(yǔ)。besick=beill生病(注意:ill意為“有病的”時(shí)常作表語(yǔ),通常不作定語(yǔ))Ididn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauselwassick/ill.昨天我沒去上學(xué),因?yàn)槲也×?。②惡心?想吐的此時(shí)一般不在名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Iwanttogetoffthebus.Ifeelalittlesick.我想下公交車。我感到有點(diǎn)兒惡心。toldhimtorest叫他休息(教材第5頁(yè),1c)【用法詳解】tellsb.(not)todosth.告訴某人(不要)做某事ThedoctortoldmetogetanXrayfirst.醫(yī)生告訴我先拍張X光片。Thepolicementoldthechildrennottoplayinthestreet.警察告訴孩子們不要在街道上玩。(上海)Doctorstellus______ourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal.A.washB.washedC.washingD.towash解析:我們可用“固定搭配法”解答本題。tellsb.todosth.是固定搭配,意為“告訴某人做某事”故選towash。句意:醫(yī)生告訴我們每頓飯前后都要洗手。答案:Dhaveproblemsbreathing呼吸困難(教材第6頁(yè)2a)【用法詳解】haveproblemms(in)doingsth.做某事有問題困難同義短語(yǔ)為havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth..Wehaveproblemsgettingtothemountainvillagebeforedark.天黑前我們到達(dá)那個(gè)山村有困難。Shehasnoproblem(in)singingthesong.她唱這首歌沒問題。breathe〔動(dòng)詞]呼吸讀作名詞breathPeoplebreathemoreslowlywhentheyareasleep.人們睡覺時(shí)呼吸較為緩慢。It'sgoodtobreathefreshair.呼吸新鮮空氣有好處?！就卣埂縝reath〔名詞〕呼吸outofbreath上氣不接下氣takeadeepbreath深呼吸AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.阿倫·羅爾斯頓是一位對(duì)登山感興趣的美國(guó)人。(教材第6頁(yè)，2b)【用法詳解】(1)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句此處whoisinterestedinmountainclimbing是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞anAmericanman,who是關(guān)系代詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí),常用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,who或that在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。who或that作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Doyouknowthegirlswho/thataredancing?你認(rèn)識(shí)那些正在跳舞的女孩嗎?(who/that作主語(yǔ),不可省略)Theman(who/that)youarewaitingforwon'te.你正在等的那個(gè)人不會(huì)來了。(who/that作賓語(yǔ),可省略)（2）beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣側(cè)重狀態(tài),其后可接名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。beeinterestedin意為“對(duì)….產(chǎn)生興趣”,側(cè)重動(dòng)作。Hewasinterestedinsciencewhenhewasyoung他小時(shí)候就對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣。(3)辨析:interested與interestinginterested感興趣的多作表語(yǔ)，通常用來說明人的感受interesting有趣的作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，多表示事物具有令人感興趣的特征，通常用來說明或修飾事物Hebecameinterestedinfishing.他變得對(duì)釣魚感興趣。Thecartoonisveryinteresting這部動(dòng)畫片很有趣。Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作為一名登山者,阿倫習(xí)慣于冒險(xiǎn)。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【用法詳解】as〔介詞〕作為,當(dāng)作后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Heworksinthehotelasacook.他在賓館當(dāng)廚師。(2)climber〔可數(shù)名詞〕登山者;攀登者該詞是…由“動(dòng)詞climmb+er”構(gòu)成的名詞。許多動(dòng)詞后可加er或or構(gòu)成名詞,表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。write(寫作)>writer(作者)sing(唱歌)→singer(歌唱家;歌手)swim(游泳)→swimmer(游泳者)collect(收集)→collector(收集者;收藏家)visit(參觀)→visitor(參觀者)beusedto習(xí)慣于…適應(yīng)于強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。此處to為介詞,后可接名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。該短語(yǔ)中be還可換成get,強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。Heisusedtodrinkingteawithhoney."他習(xí)慣喝加蜂蜜的茶。Youwillgetusedtothissituationsoon..你很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)這種狀況。(四川廣元)Ginausedtoliveinthecountrysidewithherparents,butnowsheisusedto_______herclassmatesatschool.A.liveB.livingC.lived解析:我們可用“固定搭配法”解答本題。由上文句意“吉娜過去常與父母住在鄉(xiāng)下”及表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but可知下文意為“但現(xiàn)在她習(xí)慣于和同學(xué)住在學(xué)校了”。beusedtodoingsth.意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”,是固定搭配,故選living答案:B(4)risk①〔名詞】危險(xiǎn);風(fēng)險(xiǎn)theriskof………的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)takerisks=takearisk冒險(xiǎn)Don'ttakerisks.不要冒險(xiǎn)。Eatingjunkfoodcanincreasetheriskoftheillness.吃垃圾食品會(huì)增加生病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2[動(dòng)詞]冒險(xiǎn)riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.他冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。I'mwillingtorisklosingeverything.我愿意冒失去一切的危險(xiǎn)。ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.有好多次,阿倫差點(diǎn)兒因?yàn)橐馔鈦G掉性命。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【辨析】becauseof與because二者都可表示“因?yàn)椤?其區(qū)別為:介詞短語(yǔ)becauseof后面可接名詞(短語(yǔ))代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句連詞Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.由于漫長(zhǎng)寒冷的冬季,冰島有很短的生長(zhǎng)期。Hedidn'tetoschoolbecausehewasill.他沒來上學(xué),因?yàn)樗×恕ecausehecouldnotfreehisarm,hestayedthereforfivedaysandhopedthatsomeonewouldfindhim.因?yàn)闊o法使自己的胳膊掙脫開來,他在那兒待了5天,希望有人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他。(教材第6頁(yè)，2b)【用法詳解】free①[及物動(dòng)詞〕使自由;釋放;解放Ifreedthebirdsfromtheircagesyesterday.昨天我把籠子里的鳥兒放飛了。②〔形容詞〕空閑的;免費(fèi)的;自由的I'mnotfreeonMonday.我星期一沒空。Canyougetafreeticketfortheconcert?你能弄到一張免費(fèi)的音樂會(huì)門票嗎?Thisisafreecountry.這是一個(gè)自由的國(guó)家。Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.但當(dāng)他的水喝完時(shí)，他知道他必須做些事情來救自己的命了。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【用法詳解】(1)runout①用盡;耗盡其主語(yǔ)通常是被用盡的時(shí)間、食物、金錢等后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。runoutof..用光……,用盡……(其主語(yǔ)為表示人的名詞或代詞,賓語(yǔ)為被用盡的物,相當(dāng)于useup)Hermoneysoonranout.她的錢很快就花完了Ihaverunoutofallmymoney.我已經(jīng)用光了我所有的錢。②跑出去runoutof從……跑出去Abiganimalranoutofthezoolastnight.昨天晚上一只大型動(dòng)物從動(dòng)物園跑了出去。Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.他不想那天就死去。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【用法詳解】bereadytodosth.愿意做某事;準(zhǔn)備好做某事表示即將去做。Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她總是樂意幫助別人。Wearereadytoanswerthequestions.我們做好了回答問題的準(zhǔn)備?！就卣埂縝ereadyfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備HewasreadyfortheEnglishexam.他為英語(yǔ)考試做好了準(zhǔn)備。Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.因此他用刀子切斷了他的半條右臂。(教材第6頁(yè)，2b)【用法詳解】(1)usesth.todosth.用某物做某事可與usesth.fordoingsth..互換。Iuseaknifetocutapples..=Iuseaknifeforcuttingapples.我用刀子切蘋果knife[可數(shù)名詞]刀其復(fù)數(shù)形式為knives。Therearethreeknivesonthetable.桌子上有3把刀子?！局洝恳詅(e)結(jié)尾將其變?yōu)関es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)的名詞灰太狼(wolf)為活命(life)去捉羊，扮賊(thief)攜刀(knife)葉(leaf)叢藏。架(shelf)后半(half)天不見羊，自己(self)妻子(wife)餓得慌。(3)cutoff切除;切斷為“動(dòng)詞+副詞”型結(jié)構(gòu),賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),可放在cut與of之間,也可放在of之后;賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),只能放在cut和of之間。Whenwasthetelephonecutoff?什么時(shí)候被切斷了?Theflowersarebeautiful.Don'tcutthemoff.這些花很漂亮,不要把它們剪下來。【拓展】常見的與cut相關(guān)的短語(yǔ):cutdown砍倒;減少cutup切碎cutin插人;插話cutout刪掉;割去:o...把…切成…Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后,他用左臂給自己綁上繃帶,以便他不會(huì)失血過多。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【用法詳解】(1)辨析:with與in兩者都可用作介詞,意為“用”,但用法不同。with.表示“用”工具.身體部位等。writewithapen用鋼筆寫Theyeatwithforks.他們用又子吃飯。I'llhavetoseeitwithmyowneyes.我必須親眼看到它。in.表示“用”語(yǔ)言、聲音、材料等writeinink用墨水寫ShecangiveatalkinEnglish她能用英語(yǔ)演講。Hetalkedtoherinalowvoice.他低聲和她說話。（2）bandage①〔及物動(dòng)詞〕用繃帶包扎Thedoctorbandagedhisleftleg.醫(yī)生給他的左腿綁上了繃帶。②〔名詞]繃帶Thebandageisstillonhishand.他手上仍纏著繃帶。（3）sothat其用法如下:以便:為了引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat前通常沒有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;sothat可換成inorderthat因此,所以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)需要使用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，sothat前可以用逗號(hào)Bringitclosersothat(=inorderthat)Imayseeitbetter把它拿近些，以便我能看清楚些。(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)Shegotuplate,sothatshemissedtheearlybus.她起床晚了,因此沒趕上早班公交車。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)(山東濱州)IthinkIamtheshyestinmyclass.WhatshouldIdo?Bemoreactiveinclass________youcanimproveyourabilitytoexpressyourself.A.sothatB.unlessC.orD.although解析:我們可用“句意分析法”解答本題。sothat“以便;因此”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;unless“除非”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;or“或者;否則”,表示并列關(guān)系或引出相反的結(jié)果;although“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。由答題空所在句句意“在課堂上更加活你可以提高你表達(dá)自己的能力”躍可知，此處表示目的,故選sothat。答案:A(4)辨析:toomuch,muchtoo與toomanytoomuch太多修飾不可數(shù)名詞，置與名詞前Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodotoday.今天我有太多名詞前家庭作業(yè)要做。修飾動(dòng)詞放在動(dòng)詞后Theteachertoldhimnottotalktoomuch.老師告訴他不要說太多。muchtoo太修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)，表示程度Theworkismuchtoohardforme.這份工作對(duì)我來說太難了toomany太多修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞Therearetoomanypeopleinthepark.公園里有太多人。【助記】toomuch,muchtoo與toomanytoomuch,muchtoo,用法區(qū)別看后頭much后跟不可數(shù),too后則跟形或副:toomany要記住,其后名詞必復(fù)數(shù)Thismeansbeinginadiffcultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.它的意思是“處干一個(gè)你似乎無法擺脫的困境之中”。(教材第6頁(yè)26)【用法詳解】mean(meant,meant)[及物動(dòng)詞)①意思是;意為其后常接名詞、動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句。其名詞形式是meaning,意為“意義;意思”。Whatdoes“blood"mean?blood的意思是什么?Youmeanyouhaveasoreback?你的意思是你背疼?②意味著其后常接名詞(短語(yǔ))或動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。meandoingsth.意味著做某事Mynewjobmeansworkingalldayandallnight我的新工作意味著夜以繼日地工作。③打算;意欲meantodosth.打算做某事Imeantotalkwithhimaboutit.我打算和他談?wù)勥@件事。【拓展】Whatdoyoumeanby...?=Whatdo/does...mean?Readingistothemindwhileexerciseistoths=What'sthemeaningof.?……是什么意思?其中by后跟名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式Whatdoyoumeanbythisword?=Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What'sthemeaningofthisword?這個(gè)單詞是什么意思?(2)getoutof離開;從………出來其反義短語(yǔ)是getinto“進(jìn)人”Thankstoyourhelp,Igotoutoftroubleintime.多虧你的幫助,我及時(shí)擺脫了困境。Inthisbook,Arontellsoftheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,andofbeingincontrolofone'slife.在這本書中,阿倫講述了正確抉擇和掌控自己命運(yùn)的重要性。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【用法詳解】(1)tellof敘述;描述Hetoldofhischildhood.他講述了他的童年importance〔不可數(shù)名詞〕重要性;重要其形容詞形式是important,意為“重要的”。theimportanceof(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性Hebegantorealizetheimportanceofstudyinghard.他開始意識(shí)到努力學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。Healthisveryimportanttous.健康對(duì)我們很重要(廣西貴港)中考鏈接Beckydoesn'tofteneatbreakfast.Toobad.Shedoesn'trealizethe______breakfast.secretB.hobbyC.resultD.importance解析:我們可用“詞義辨析法”解答本題。secret“秘密”;hobby“業(yè)余愛好”;result“結(jié)果”;importance“重要性”。由常識(shí)可知吃早餐很重要，貝姬經(jīng)常不吃早餐是因?yàn)樗龥]意識(shí)到早餐的“重要性”,故選importance。答案:Ddecision〔可數(shù)名詞]決定;抉擇其動(dòng)詞形式為decide(決定)。makedecisions/adecision做決定makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.決定做某事Letmemakedecisionsmyself.讓我自己做決定。Imakeadecisiontobeadoctorwhenlgrowup.我決定長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。(4)beincontrolof掌管;管理Youshouldbeincontrolofyourownlifeandbushness.你應(yīng)該掌管自己的生活和事業(yè)。[拓展]beinthecontrolof受.……控制/管理beoutofcontrol失去控制beundercontrol在控制之下Thepanyisinthecontroloftheyoungman!這家公司在這個(gè)年輕人的管理之下。Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.他對(duì)登山如此酷愛,甚至在這次(臂)經(jīng)歷之后他還繼續(xù)登山。(教材第6頁(yè),2b)【用法詳解】so..that..如此……以至于......that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。此句型中,so是副詞常用來修飾形容詞或副詞。Sheissoyoungthatshecan'tlookafterherself.她如此小以至于不能照顧自己。so...that...句型中，that引導(dǎo)的從句…中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句為否定句時(shí)可與too...to...或not...enoughto....結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.他太小了,不能去上學(xué)(2)keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事表示動(dòng)作重復(fù)多次,中間有間隔,強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)性。Shekeptonworking,althoughshewastired.她盡管很累，但仍繼續(xù)工作?！就卣埂竣賙eepdoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)不間斷、無停頓,強(qiáng)調(diào)連續(xù)性。Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.繼續(xù)走，直到你到達(dá)路的盡頭。②keepsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting不要讓你媽媽一直等著。③keepsb.fomdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Youshouldn'tkeephimfromwatchingcartoons.你不該阻止他看動(dòng)畫片。..andbeforewehavetomakead