安徽省安慶市桐城中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題

桐城中學(xué)2023—2024學(xué)年度下學(xué)期開學(xué)檢測高二英語試卷考生須知：1.本卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘；2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatexercisewillthemandotoday?A.Swimming.B.Yoga.C.Weightlifting.2.Whatwasthereasonforthemantoworkatthecharityatfirst?A.Tohelpthehomeless.B.Todoacollegeproject.C.Togetworkexperience.3.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Atanartmuseum.B.Atafurniturestore.C.Attheman’shome.4.Whatdoesthewoman’scatdowhenitseesmice?A.Itactsfriendlytowardsthem.B.Ittriestocatchthem.C.Itstaysstill.5.Whatisthewomanteachingtheman?A.Howtowritethereport.B.Howtousetheprinter.C.Howtochangethepassword.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwasthetruckcarrying?A.Beer.B.Animals.C.Glassboxes.7.Whatdoweknowaboutthetruckdriver?A.Hegothurt.B.Hefeltupset.C.Heranaway.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Helphershoponline.B.Teachhertomakecoffee.C.Buyheracupofcoffee.9.HowmuchdoestheItaliancoffeemakercost?A.$1000.B.$1500.C.$2000.10.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelaboutthesilvercoffeemaker?A.It’snotbeautiful.B.It’stooexpensive.C.It’snotadvancedenough.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Footballplayerandfan.B.Reporterandcoach.C.Teammates.12.Wheredidthemangettoknowthenews?A.Fromsocialmedia.B.FromTV.C.Fromradio.13.WhatistherealreasonforRyantoleavetheclub?A.Hedidn’tperformwellduringtheseason.B.HewantstojoinMr.White’steam.C.Heisunsatisfiedwithhispay.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?APreparinganartpetition.B.Applyingtoanartschool.C.Arranginganartshow.15.WhatisDylan’sstyleofpaintingprobably?A.Oilpaintings.B.Pencilpaintings.C.Watercolorpaintings.16.HowmanyphotosshouldDylansend?A.5.B.10.C.15.17.Whatisthewomaninahurrytodo?A.Sendanemail.B.Visitherfriend.C.Attendameeting.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whoisthespeechfor?A.Themanagers.B.Theemployees.C.Thecustomers.19.Whyisthespeakergivingthespeech?A.Tointroducehimself.B.Tosetaregularmeeting.C.Tosellnewputers.20.Whatwillthespeakerdoduringnextweek?A.Giveputerlessons.B.Joinanewpany.C.Collectgreatideas.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALocationStHelenaisoneoftheremotestislandsonEarth.Thesubtropical(亞熱帶的)BritishOverseasTerritorysitsinthemiddleoftheSouthAtlanticOcean,1,200milesfromthewestcoastofAfricaand1,800milesfromtheeastcoastofSouthAmerica.SizePopulationStHelenaisonly16kmlongand9kmwideandthepopulationis5,000.Thisis1/3thesizeoftheIsleofWight,andthesamesizeasDisneyWorldOrlando.ThisisalsothesamesizeasSanFranciscoyettheislandhasjust0.5%ofSanFrancisco’spopulation.Withanextremelylowcrimemunity,youcanfreelyexploretheisland’snaturalandbuiltattractionsinpeace.ClimateAsasubtropicalisland,StHelena’stemperatureis1528℃allyearround.WhilethefourseasonsarenotrecognizedonStHelena,the“coolermonths”aregenerallyJunetoSeptemberandthe“hottermonths”areDecembertoMarch.StHelenaisfreefromextremeweatherevents,witheventhunderstormsonlyoccurringperhapsonceadecade.AccessibilityUntil2017,StHelenadidnothaveanairportandwasonlyaccessiblebysea.ReachingtheislandmeantafivedayshipvoyagefromCapeTown,SouthAfrica.However,sinceOctober2017,theisland’sfirstandonlyairporthasenabledpassengerstoreachtheislandinjustasixhourflight.1.InwhataspectareStHelenaandSanFranciscoalike?A.Climate. B.Population. C.Crimerate. D.Area.2.WhatcanbestdescribetheclimateofStHelena?A.Tropical. B.Mild. C.Dry. D.Extreme.3.HowcouldvisitorsgainentryintoStHelenabefore2017?A.Byplane. B.Bycar. C.Byship. D.Bytrain.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了圣赫勒拿（StHelena）這個(gè)位于南大西洋中部的英國海外領(lǐng)土，包括其地理位置、大小、人口、氣候以及可達(dá)性等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段SizePopulation部分中“

ThisisalsothesamesizeasSanFranciscoyettheislandhasjust0.5%ofSanFrancisco’spopulation.

(這個(gè)島的面積也和舊金山一樣大，但人口只有舊金山的0.5%。)”可知，二者共同之處是面積大小一樣。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Climate部分中“Asasubtropicalisland,StHelena’stemperatureis1528℃

allyearround.(圣赫勒拿島屬亞熱帶島嶼，全年氣溫為1528°C。)”和“StHelenaisfreefromextremeweatherevents,witheventhunderstormsonlyoccurringperhapsonceadecade.(圣赫勒拿島沒有極端天氣事件，甚至雷暴也可能每十年才發(fā)生一次。)”可知，此地氣候是亞熱帶氣候，沒有極端天氣發(fā)生，故可知?dú)夂蜉^溫和。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Accessibility部分中“Until2017,StHelenadidnothaveanairportandwasonlyaccessiblebysea.

(直到2017年，圣赫勒拿島還沒有機(jī)場，只能通過海路到達(dá)。)”可知，2017年以前都只能通過坐船到達(dá)該島。故選C。BForalongtime,IkeptaselectionofbooksonashelfnexttomybedthatIcalledmy“heartbooks”.Toqualifyforaplaceontheshelf,abookhadtobenotonlyoneIloved,butonethatmattered.Therewasonebookthatnevermadeitontothatshelf,thoughIreaditinhighschool:WritingDowntheBonesbyNatalieGoldberg.IcanstillrememberthedayIboughtit.ItwassummerandImusthavebeen14or15.Desperatetogetoutofmyhouse,Irodemybikeintotownandwalkedintothebookstore.Iwasgoingthroughtheshelfofbooksonwritinganditcaughtmyeye.Ipickeditup,readafewpages,andboughtit.ThenItookitwithmetoapark,readthefirstfewchapters,andopenedmynotebooktowrite.It’safairlystraightforwardwritingbook.Goldberg’smethodissimple:youchooseatopic,setatimer,andwritefor10,15,or20minuteswithoutpickingupyourpen.Freewriting,timedwriting,writingtopics:anyonewhohastakenacreativewritingclassmayhaveencounteredthesethings.It’snotearthshattering.TherewasnothingparticularlyneworunusualaboutthebooksoIcan’tsaywhyitattractedmesomuch.Butitchangedeverything.Iwentfrombeingsomeonewhoenjoyedwritingtobeingawriter.Duringmyteenyearsandearlytwenties,followingGoldberg’smethodwasatthecoreofmyidentity.NomatterwhereIwasorwhatIwasdoing,Ifillednotebooks.WhenIeventuallystartedwritingfiction,Ididthesamething.The“I”inmynotebooksbecamesomeoneelse,butIheldtothesamepractice.ThiswritingpracticeledmetoawritinggroupinBoston.Itledmetomycurrentcareer.Itledme,insomanyways,tomyself.Beingawriterallowedmetobeesomanyotherthings:anactivist,abusinessowner,afarmer,abaker...WritingiswhereIfoundmyconfidence.ItwaswhereIbecamecuriousabouttheworld.Fromthat,everythingelsehasfollowed.4.HowdidtheauthorencounterWritingDowntheBones?A.Byfollowingaselectionof“heartbooks”.B.Byreferringtoabooklistaboutwriting.C.ByremendationofNatalieGoldberg.D.Byseekingwritingbooksonabookshelf.5.Whatdoestheword“earthshattering”underlinedinparagraph3mean?A.Trivial. B.Remarkable. C.Appropriate. D.Amusing.6.WhatcanweinferaboutWritingDowntheBones?A.Itinspiredtheauthortobeawriter.B.Itwasthefirstnoveltheauthorread.C.Itmadetheauthorstarttolovewriting.D.Itisoneofthebookstheauthorreadsmost.7.Whichofthefollowingisansweredbythelastparagraph?A.Whatistheauthor’slifelikerightnow?B.Whatdidtheauthordointhewritinggroup?C.Howhasthewritingpracticeshapedtheauthor?D.Whydidtheauthorgiveupthewritingpractice?【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章主要講述了作者在高中時(shí)讀過的《寫下骨子里的東西》一書，以及它對作者成為作家和發(fā)現(xiàn)自我的重要影響。通過這本書，作者培養(yǎng)了寫作的習(xí)慣，進(jìn)而發(fā)展出了自己的創(chuàng)作方式，并通過寫作找到了自信和對世界的好奇心。最終，成為作家的經(jīng)歷使作者能夠成為其他許多身份的人，如活動(dòng)家、企業(yè)家、農(nóng)民、烘焙師等。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“IcanstillrememberthedayIboughtit.ItwassummerandImusthavebeen14or15.Desperatetogetoutofmyhouse,Irodemybikeintotownandwalkedintothebookstore.Iwasgoingthroughtheshelfofbooksonwritinganditcaughtmyeye.Ipickeditup,readafewpages,andboughtit..(我仍然記得我買它的那天。那是一個(gè)夏天，我大概14或15歲。不顧一切地想離開我的房子，我騎著自行車進(jìn)城，走進(jìn)書店。我在翻閱書架上關(guān)于寫作的書時(shí)，這本書引起了我的注意。我拿起它，讀了幾頁，就買了下來。)”可知，作者是一次在書店在翻閱書架上關(guān)于寫作的書時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)《WritingDowntheBones》這本書的。故選D。5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上一句“Freewriting,timedwriting,writingtopics:anyonewhohastakenacreativewritingclassmayhaveencounteredthesethings.

(自由寫作，定時(shí)寫作，寫作主題：任何上過創(chuàng)意寫作課的人都可能遇到過這些事情。)”以及劃線單詞下一句“TherewasnothingparticularlyneworunusualaboutthebooksoIcan’tsaywhyitattractedmesomuch.

(這本書并沒有什么特別新穎或不同尋常的地方，所以我也說不出為什么它如此吸引我。)”可推測，任何上過創(chuàng)意寫作課的人都可能遇到過的事情在說中都有所描述，并且這本書沒有什么特別新穎或不同尋常的地方。因此猜測劃線單詞指的應(yīng)該是“極棒的、引人注目的”，和空前的“not”結(jié)合，指的是書中的方法并不是那么引人注目。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Butitchangedeverything.Iwentfrombeingsomeonewhoenjoyedwritingtobeingawriter.(但它改變了一切。我從一個(gè)喜歡寫作的人變成了一個(gè)作家。)”可知，《WritingDowntheBones》這本書改變了作者，使作者從一個(gè)喜歡寫作的人變成了一個(gè)作家。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThiswritingpracticeledmetoawritinggroupinBoston.Itledmetomycurrentcareer.Itledme,insomanyways,tomyself.Beingawriterallowedmetobeesomanyotherthings:anactivist,abusinessowner,afarmer,abaker...WritingiswhereIfoundmyconfidence.ItwaswhereIbecamecuriousabouttheworld.Fromthat,everythingelsehasfollowed.(這種寫作練習(xí)讓我加入了波士頓的一個(gè)寫作小組。這讓我有了現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)。在很多方面，它讓我找回了自己。成為一名作家讓我成為了許多其他的身份：一個(gè)活動(dòng)家，一個(gè)企業(yè)主，一個(gè)農(nóng)民，一個(gè)面包師……寫作是我找到自信的地方。在那里，我開始對這個(gè)世界充滿好奇。從那以后，其他一切都隨之而來。)”可知，最后一段講述的是這種寫作練習(xí)使作者擁有了現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)，成為了一名作家，并且使作者成為了許多其他的身份：一個(gè)活動(dòng)家，一個(gè)企業(yè)主，一個(gè)農(nóng)民，一個(gè)面包師等。由此可推測，這一段回答了選項(xiàng)C“Howhasthewritingpracticeshapedtheauthor?(寫作練習(xí)如何塑造了作者？)”這一問題。故選C。CHaveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,“WhatwasIgoingtodo?”Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa“mentalblock”inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmoreplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情節(jié)性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.AnewresearchledbypsychologistOliverBaumannfromBondUniversityinAustraliasuggeststhatit’snotsomuchthedoorwaysthatcauseamemorywipe,asmovingfromonelocationtoasignificantlydifferentone—it’stheabruptchangeofscenethatpreparesourmindsforsomethingnew.“Agoodexampleismovingaroundinadepartmentstore,”saysBaumann,“Takingtheelevatorbetweenfloorsmayhavenoeffectonourmemory,butmovingfromthestoretotheparkinglotmightcauseustoforgetsomethingthatweneedtobuy.”Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.Inotherwords,walkingthroughopendoorsisthoughttoresetmemorytomakeroomforanewepisode.Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!8.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybe“doorwayeffect”?A.Youmissedacallandforgottoringback.B.Youreadabookandforgetwhatitisabout.C.Youenteredtheofficeandforgotwhattoget.D.Yousawamanyearsagoandforgetwhoheisnow.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Allmemoriesarelinkedinthebrain.B.Memoriesareclearlyseparatedinthebrain.C.Notallthememoriescanbefoundinthebrain.D.Memoriesarestoredinparticularsectionsofthebrain.10.WhatcanweinferfromBaumann’sresearch?A.Takinganelevatorstimulatesnewmemory.B.Walkingthroughopendoorsresultsinmemoryloss.C.Asuddenchangeofthesceneboostsintelligencedevelopment.D.Anoverloadedbrainincreasesthepossibilityofdoorwayeffect.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“doorwayeffect”?A.Insignificant. B.Beneficial.C.Influential. D.Damaging.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了門口效應(yīng)（doorwayeffect）以及其產(chǎn)生的原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,‘WhatwasIgoingtodo?’Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa‘mentalblock’inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.(你有沒有穿過一扇門，心中在想：‘我是要去干什么？’如果你有，你并不孤單。心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，穿過一扇門進(jìn)入另一個(gè)房間會在大腦中造成‘精神障礙’。這通常被稱為門口效應(yīng))”可知，進(jìn)入一個(gè)房間忘記自己要做的事情被稱作門口效應(yīng)。故選C。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.(在早期的大腦研究中，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人類的記憶就像一個(gè)壁櫥，有很多區(qū)域，我們可以在其中存儲我們生活中的經(jīng)歷。盒子會永遠(yuǎn)留在那里，每當(dāng)我們需要查看它們的時(shí)候，我們就可以去那個(gè)特定的區(qū)域，找到那個(gè)記憶盒子)”以及第三段中的“Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmoreplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情節(jié)性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.(這個(gè)關(guān)于人類記憶形成的描述聽起來很美，但它是不真實(shí)的。我們的大腦比這復(fù)雜的多。心理學(xué)研究表明，我們的記憶通常是情節(jié)性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就會意識到我們的記憶并不是清晰的敘事。相反，它們更有情節(jié)性，被分成了多個(gè)部分)”可知，并不是所有的記憶都是可以在大腦中找到的。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.(Baumann還指出，一個(gè)忙碌且可能超負(fù)荷的大腦似乎確實(shí)在這種現(xiàn)象中發(fā)揮了一些作用)”可知，超負(fù)荷的大腦會增加門口效應(yīng)的可能性。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題，根據(jù)最后一段“Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!(好消息是，在進(jìn)入另一個(gè)房間后經(jīng)歷這種遺忘的插曲不會告訴你任何關(guān)于你的記憶力和智力的事情。所以，當(dāng)你走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間，突然忘記了自己為什么在那里時(shí)，你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為阿爾茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！)”可知出現(xiàn)門口效應(yīng)并不表示記憶力或智力出現(xiàn)問題，沒有什么影響。故選A。DAspeoplebeemoreawareoftheimportanceofecofriendlypowersources,wehavedevotedmuchtimetoinventingcreativedevices.Anewlydevelopedpaperbatterypromisestomakeabigdifferencetosingleuseelectronics.Thebatteryiscraftedfromsustainablematerials,whichnotonlystrengthensitsecofriendlinessbutalsomakesitcosteffectivetoproduce.Thisbinationofbiodegradability(可生物降解)andaffordabilitymakesitattractiveforawiderangeofapplications.Anotherstandoutfeatureofthispaperbatteryisitsflexibilityintermsofshapeandsize.Unliketraditionalbatteriesthatareavailableinfixedsizes,thispaperbatterycanbetailoredtomeetdiverserequirements.Inreality,thepaperbatteryisenoughtopoweranLCDalarmclock.“Whileitwon’tbechargingupyourputeranytimesoon,there’slotsofpotentialforlowpoweredsensors.Wepresentaprintedpaperbatterydevelopedtopowersingleusedisposableelectronicsandtoreducetheirenvironmentalimpacttothelowestlevel,”writetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.Thebatteryisbasedonametalairelectrochemicalcell.Madefromsodiumchloridesaltdiffused(氯化鈉鹽擴(kuò)散的)paper,itcanmeasureaslittleasonesquarecentimeter,andisbasedonprintedinks.Allthat’sneeded,then,isasmallamountofwater,aslittleastwodrops.Thisdissolvesthesaltswithinthepaper,andthenactivatesthebatteryastheytravel.Thebatterystartsproducingpoweraround20secondsafterwaterisadded,accordingtotheexperimentscarriedoutbytheteam.Althoughtheperformancedecreasesovertimeasthepaperdriesout,itcanbetoppeduptosomeextentwithmorewater.Theresearcherssaytheywanttoimprovetheefficiencyofthebatteryinthefuture,andgetitworkingforlonger.“Witharisingawarenessoftheewasteproblemandtheemergenceofsingleuseelectronicsforapplications,thereisagrowingneedforlowenvironmentalimpactbatteries,”writetheresearchers.12.Whichisafeatureofthepaperbattery?A.Itismadefromsingleusematerials. B.Itiscostlytoputtogether.C.Itcanbeusedtochargeupyourputer. D.Itcanbeproducedindiverseshapes.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepaperbatteryaccordingtothetext?A.Itcanbeappliedtoanyelectronics.B.Itisabletosupplyenergytoourcellphones.C.Itspowercanberefilledbyaddingsomewater.D.Ithasreducedtheenvironmentalimpacttothelowest.14.What’sthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Whatthepaperbatteryconsistsof. B.Howthepaperbatteryworks.C.Wherethepaperbatterycanbeapplied. D.Whythepaperbatteryispopular.15.Whatismostlikelytobethefocusoffutureresearchaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Howtogetridofimpactsofsingleuseelectronics.B.Howtoimprovetheefficiencyofthepaperbattery.C.Howtoreducethedemandforsingleuseelectronics.D.Howtoraisepeople’sawarenessofewasteproblems.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新開發(fā)的紙電池?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Anotherstandoutfeatureofthispaperbatteryisitsflexibilityintermsofshapeandsize.(這種紙電池的另一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)是它在形狀和尺寸方面的靈活性。)”可知，這種紙電池的一種特征是它可以制作成各種形狀。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thebatterystartsproducingpoweraround20secondsafterwaterisadded,accordingtotheexperimentscarriedoutbytheteam.(根據(jù)該團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)，在加水后大約20秒，電池就開始發(fā)電了。)”可知，這種紙電池的電力可以通過加水來補(bǔ)充。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thebatteryisbasedonametalairelectrochemicalcell.Madefromsodiumchloridesaltdiffusedpaper,itcanmeasureaslittleasonesquarecentimeter,andisbasedonprintedinks.Allthat’sneeded,then,isasmallamountofwater,aslittleastwodrops.Thisdissolvesthesaltswithinthepaper,andthenactivatesthebatteryastheytravel.(這種電池是基于金屬空氣電化學(xué)電池。它由氯化鈉鹽擴(kuò)散紙制成，尺寸小至1平方厘米，以印刷油墨為基礎(chǔ)。那么，所需要的只是少量的水，只有兩滴。這將溶解紙中的鹽，然后在它們移動(dòng)時(shí)激活電池。)”可知，第四段主要講述了紙電池是如何工作的。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theresearcherssaytheywanttoimprovetheefficiencyofthebatteryinthefuture,andgetitworkingforlonger.(研究人員表示，他們希望在未來提高電池效率，并使其工作更長時(shí)間。)”可推知，研究人員表示，如何提高紙電池的效率最有可能是未來研究的重點(diǎn)。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Formanyyoungadults,whattodoafterfinishinghighschoolisaquestionthatisnoteasytoanswer.Forsometheirpathisclear,butforothersanumberofpossibilitiesliebeforethem.____16____Youarenottoosureaboutthedirectionyouwanttotakeandwouldliketoexploreyouroptions.Ormaybeyouhaveadesiretotravelandexperienceothercountriesbeforesettlingdowntofurtherstudies.____17____Whattododuringyourgapyearcanbetailoredtosuityourneeds,interestsandbudget.Let’slookatafewideasthatcanjusthelpyou!____18____Youcanbeeababysitterinyourmunityorworkonanoilfieldinanothercountry.Thiscanreallyhelpyoutogaininsightintoyourselfwhenyoudecidewhatyouarepassionateabout.____19____Choosingasportingadventureinanothercountry,eitherplayingorcoachingwillbeanamazingexperience.Inaddition,givingbacktothemunitybyvolunteeringinalocalcharityisalsohowyouwouldliketospendyourtime.Fromtheseexperiences,youwilllearnmuchmorethanjusthowtodoajob.Asidefromyourphotographs,yourmosttreasuredpossessionwillbethatnewexperienceschallengeyouandallowyoutogrow.Sowhetheryouaregoingabroadorgoingtoyourlocalmunitycenter,onethingisforcertain—agapyearisdefinitelynotjustfillingagap.____20____A.Perhapsyouareoneofthelatter.B.Whynotapplyforajoblocallyorabroad?C.Howaboutbiningsportswithlearning?D.Youcanfindhelpfulinformationonsomewebsites.E.Itisayearthatcanmakeallthedifferencetoyourfuture.FYouwilllookbackandknowthatyourgapyearhasdonethat.G.Whateveryourreasons,agapyearcanbeanenrichingandexcitingtime.【答案】16.A17.G18.B19.C20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要對于高中畢業(yè)后做什么給出了方案?！?6題詳解】由上文“Forsometheirpathisclear,butforothersanumberofpossibilitiesliebeforethem.(對一些人來說，他們的道路是清晰的，但對另一些人來說，許多可能性擺在他們面前)”和下文“Youarenottoosureaboutthedirection(你不太確定你想要走的方向)”可知，“你”屬于不太知道如何選擇的一類人，所以屬于前文中提到的“others”那一部分人，即后者。故A選項(xiàng)“Perhapsyouareoneofthelatter.(也許你是后者中的一員)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選A?！?7題詳解】從后文“Whattododuringyourgapyearcanbetailoredtosuityourneeds,interestsandbudget.Let’slookatafewideasthatcanjusthelpyou!(空檔年做什么可以根據(jù)你的需求、興趣和預(yù)算來定制。讓我們來看看一些可以幫助你的想法！)”中提到的“duringyourgapyear”說明此處應(yīng)將gapyear作為話題。故G選項(xiàng)“Whateveryourreasons,agapyearcanbeanenrichingandexcitingtime.(無論你的原因是什么，空檔年都可能是一個(gè)豐富而激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選G。【18題詳解】從后文“Youcanbeeababysitterinyourmunityorworkonanoilfieldinanothercountry.(你可以在你的社區(qū)做保姆，或者在另一個(gè)國家的油田工作)”可知，此處提議找工作。故B選項(xiàng)“Whynotapplyforajoblocallyorabroad?(為什么不在本地或國外申請工作？)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選B?！?9題詳解】從后文“Choosingasportingadventureinanothercountry(選擇在另一個(gè)國家進(jìn)行體育冒險(xiǎn))”可知，此處是另一個(gè)建議。故C選項(xiàng)“Howaboutbiningsportswithlearning?(把運(yùn)動(dòng)和學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合起來怎么樣？)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Fromtheseexperiences,youwilllearnmuchmorethanjusthowtodoajob.Asidefromyourphotographs,yourmosttreasuredpossessionwillbethatnewexperienceschallengeyouandallowyoutogrow.Sowhetheryouaregoingabroadorgoingtoyourlocalmunitycenter,onethingisforcertain—agapyearisdefinitelynotjustfillingagap.(從這些經(jīng)歷中，你學(xué)到的不僅僅是如何做一份工作。除了你的照片，你最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)將是新的經(jīng)歷挑戰(zhàn)你，讓你成長。所以，無論你是出國還是去當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)中心，有一件事是肯定的——間隔年絕對不僅僅是填補(bǔ)空白)”可知，此句總結(jié)前文，解釋gapyear的意義。故E選項(xiàng)“Itisayearthatcanmakeallthedifferencetoyourfuture.(回首往事，你會知道你的空檔年已經(jīng)做到了)”能總結(jié)前文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItneveroccurredtometothinkaboutmyfuturejobtillIenteredhighschool.IntheyearsbeforehighschoolI___21___muchonfootballandmusic.Thatwas___22___Ispentmostofmysparetime.AfterIenteredhighschool,my___23___forcivilengineering(土木工程)inspiredmetomakegreaterefforts.Ifoundmywaytocivilengineering___24___whenIreadanarticleabouttheLosAngelesearthquakein1994.ItsconsequencewassoawfulthatIwastotallyshocked.Duringtheearthquake,manybuildingsfelldown.Thedisasterledtoheavycasualties(傷亡).The___25___sentmeintothinkingabouthowthebuildingprojectscouldbesafer,andhowIcouldgetthemthatway.Fromthenon,I___26___tolearncivilengineering.___27___differentkindsofbuildingsisaformofrecreationforme.Sittingonmybicycleforhourswatchingthehousesaroundmehasmademefeelthe___28___toshapeourbuildingsintosolidones.Toachievemyambition,Imust___29___thatIcangethighgradesinallmysubjects.Inschool,Iamtrulyfondofscienceandgoodatmath.___30___,myhighschoolyearshadbeenchallenged.Mypoorwritingskillsusedto___31___mealot.Fortunately,Ihadastrongwishtoachievemydream.Itwasthedesire,which___32___metokeeppracticing,thathelpedmeoveremyshortings.Overtheyears,IhavelearnedtostickwiththingsthatIfindright___33___.Thischaracterwillstaywithmetillmyefforts___34___.That,binedwithmylongstandingcuriosityabout___35___ourworld,iswhatwillmakemeagreatcivilengineersomedaysoon.21.A.relied B.concentrated C.lived D.depended22.A.how B.when C.why D.what23.A.talent B.need C.love D.pity24.A.fortunately B.directly C.frequently D.accidentally25.A.ruins B.wastes C.pollutants D.emissions26.A.promised B.managed C.expected D.determined27.A.Designing B.pleting C.Observing D.Understanding28.A.expense B.necessity C.trend D.solution29.A.ensure B.admit C.believe D.declare30.A.Therefore B.However C.Moreover D.Thus31.A.cheat B.frighten C.bother D.hurt32.A.forced B.reminded C.restricted D.urged33.A.easily B.personally C.firmly D.naturally34.A.giveoff B.getoff C.turnoff D.payoff35.A.shaping B.highlighting C.viewing D.saving【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.D27.C28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者樹立要成為工程師的目標(biāo)以及他為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所做的事情，告訴我們要堅(jiān)持自己認(rèn)為對的事情，并為達(dá)成目標(biāo)而付出努力?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在上高中之前的幾年里，我非常專注于足球和音樂。A.relied依靠，依賴；B.concentrated集中，聚精會神；C.lived居住，生存；D.depended依靠。根據(jù)下一句中“Ispentmostofmysparetime”可知，作者把大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間花費(fèi)在足球和音樂上，故此處指“專注于足球和音樂”，concentrateon集中注意力于，專注于，故選B。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我的大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都是這樣度過的。A.how如何；B.when何時(shí)；C.why為什么；D.what什么?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語從句，從句中不缺成分，結(jié)合句意可知，此處指“那就是我度過大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間的方式”，用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)，故選A。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：進(jìn)入高中后，我對土木工程的熱愛激勵(lì)著我更加努力。A.talent天賦，才能；B.need需要；C.love愛；D.pity同情。根據(jù)“inspiredmetomakegreaterefforts”及下文提到作者決心學(xué)習(xí)土木工程可知，作者對土木工程的熱愛激勵(lì)著作者更加努力，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我讀到一篇關(guān)于1994年洛杉磯地震的文章時(shí)，我意外地找到了土木工程的方向。A.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；B.directly直接地；C.frequently頻繁地，經(jīng)常；D.accidentally意外地。根據(jù)“whenIreadanarticleabouttheLosAngelesearthquakein1994.”可知，此處指作者意外地找到了土木工程的方向，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：廢墟讓我開始思考如何讓建筑項(xiàng)目更安全，以及如何讓它們更安全。A.ruins廢墟；B.wastes垃圾；C.pollutants污染物；D.emissions排放物。上文“Duringtheearthquake,manybuildingsfelldown.(地震期間，許多建筑物倒塌了)”提到很多建筑在地震中倒塌，結(jié)合空后“thinkingabouthowthebuildingprojectscouldbesafer”可知，廢墟讓作者開始思考如何讓建筑更安全，故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從那時(shí)起，我決心學(xué)習(xí)土木工程。A.promised承諾，答應(yīng)；B.managed設(shè)法做到；C.expected期望；D.determined決心。根據(jù)本段首句“Ifoundmywaytocivilengineering”及語境可知，本段是描述作者如何找到土木工程的方向，故此處指“從那時(shí)起，我決心學(xué)習(xí)土木工程”，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：觀察不同類型的建筑對我來說是一種娛樂。A.Designing設(shè)計(jì)；B.pleting完成，使完整；C.Observing觀察；D.Understanding理解。根據(jù)下文“Sittingonmybicycleforhourswatchingthehouses”可知，作者喜歡觀察不同類型的建筑，故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：坐在自行車上幾個(gè)小時(shí)，看著周圍的房子，讓我覺得有必要把我們的建筑塑造成堅(jiān)固的建筑。A.expense費(fèi)用；B.necessity必要，需要；C.trend趨勢；D.solution解決方案。根據(jù)“toshapeourbuildingsintosolidones”可知，此處指有必要把我們的建筑塑造成堅(jiān)固的建筑，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我的抱負(fù)，我必須確保各科都能取得高分。A.ensure確保，保證；B.admit承認(rèn)；C.believe相信；D.declare宣布，聲明。根據(jù)“Toachievemyambition”及語境可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)，作者必須確保各科成績優(yōu)異，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我的高中生活受到了挑戰(zhàn)。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Moreover而且，此外；D.Thus因此。上文提到要實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)就得確保成績優(yōu)異，與下文“我的高中生活受到了挑戰(zhàn)”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，however符合語境，故選B?！?1題詳解】考