越軌社會學 第12版 課件 C4 Physical Violence

DeviantBehaviorTwelfthEditionChapter4PhysicalViolenceCopyright?2019,2013,2010PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives(1of2)4.1:Comparemurderwithformsofassault4.2:Explainthedifferencesinmurderdemographics4.3:Differentiatehomicidepatternsbysocioeconomicclass4.4:Characterizedifferentformsofhomicide4.5:Differentiatebetweenmassandserialmurders4.6:Describethesocialprofileofserialkillers4.7:IdentifysocialinfluencesonhomicidebasedonglobalstatisticsLearningObjectives(2of2)4.8:Evaluatefactorsforcontributiontoschoolviolence4.9:Identifycommoncharacteristicsofstalkers4.10:Summarizethemotivationsofhatekillers4.11:Describethesocialfactorsassociatedwithgenocide4.12:Analyzethemotivationsassociatedwithterrorism4.13:Evaluatepositivisttheoriesonthecausesofhomicide4.14:OutlinereasonswhythedeathpenaltyisnotadeterrenttomurderIntroductionAssaultandAggravatedAssaultObjective:ComparemurderwithformsofassaultAssault:unlawfuluseofphysicalforceagainstanotherpersonAggravatedassaultinvolvesintenttokillortheuseofadeadlyweaponHowdoesassaultdifferfromhomicide?WhoIsMoreLikelytoKill?(1of3)Objective:ExplainthedifferencesinmurderdemographicsClassandraceVariousstudieshaveclearlyindicatedthathomicidesareconcentratedheavilyinthelowerclassWhoIsMoreLikelytoKill?(2of3)Regions,LargeCities,andRuralAreasLargecitieshaveasignificantlyhighermurderratethansmallcities/ruralareasWhoIsMoreLikelytoKill?(3of3)GenderandAgeMorementhanwomenkill,andkillothermenTable4.1HowUrbanandRuralMurderRatesDifferWherePeopleLiveMurderRatein2015(per100,000population)Largecitieswithpopulationof250,000ormore100,000to249,99950,000to99,99910.16.23.7Ruralareas3.6Smallcitieswithpopulationof25,000to49,99910,000to24,999Fewerthan10,0003.42.92.8PatternsofKilling(1of3)Objective:DifferentiatehomicidepatternsbysocioeconomicclassTimeofkillingMostmurdersarecommittedintheheatofpassion;theredoesseemtobesomeconnectionbetweenseasonoftheyearandmurderHigherclassmurdersaremorepremeditated;shownovariationbytimeofyearorweekPatternsofKilling(2of3)PlaceofkillingMenWomenPatternsofKilling(3of3)MethodofkillingResearchoftenshowsthatthereisnothingspecialaboutthemethodsofkillingKillinginothercountriesCharacteristicsofHomicide(1of2)Objective:CharacterizedifferentformsofhomicideWarm-bloodedmurderManypeopleareapparentlyafraidofgettingattackedandkilledbystrangersDoingthevictimafavorCharacteristicsofHomicide(2of2)WinningatrivialargumentMurderisapparentlyaquickandeffectivewayforthepoortowinanargumentovertriflesHomicidefollowedbysuicideHomicide–suicideoffendersfirstkillanotherpersonandthenthemselvesMassandSerialMurderObjective:DifferentiatebetweenmassandserialmurdersMassmurder:killinganumberofpeopleataboutthesametimeandplaceDisgruntledemployeesHeadsoffamilyPseudocommandosSerialmurder:involveskillinganumberofpeopleoneatatimeFigure4.1MostVictimsKnowTheirKillers,WhereWeKnowtheRelationshipTheSocialProfileofSerialKillersObjective:DescribethesocialprofileofserialkillersMythsaboutserialkillersMonstersLady-killerBrilliantGlobalPerspectiveonHomicideObjective:IdentifysocialinfluencesonhomicidebasedonglobalstatisticsDevelopingcountriessuchasthoseinLatinAmerica,Asia,andAfricahavehigherhomicideratesthandodevelopedcountriessuchasthoseinNorthAmericaandWesternEuropeHighesthomiciderateintheworldindevelopedandundevelopedcountriesSchoolViolenceObjective:EvaluatefactorsforcontributiontoschoolviolenceSincethelate1990s,boysasyoungaselevengunneddownclassmatesorteachersinthepublicschoolsMentalillnessStalkingObjective:IdentifycommoncharacteristicsofstalkersStalkingMoststalkersknowtheirvictimsMostcasesaremenstalkingwomenNoracialdifferencesMostcommonformofstalkingHateKillingObjective:Summarizethemotivationsofhatekillers7,000+Americansperyearexperiencehatecrimes Why?MostlikelygrouptobetargetedTypesofkillersGenocide(1of2)Objective:DescribethesocialfactorsassociatedwithgenocideWhatisgenocide?Whataresomeexamples?Genocide(2of2)PerpetratorshaveajobofkillingothersunderordersBystandersareaveragecitizenswhousuallydonothingTheoriesofgenocideTerrorism(1of2)Objective:AnalyzethemotivationsassociatedwithterrorismTerrorismisextremeviolenceExamples?TheSeptember11AttacksTheUnitedStateshasobtainedassistancefromfriendlyMuslincountriesTerrorism(2of2)MythsaboutterrorismLackofsupportforthesemythsWhyDoPeopleKill?Objective:EvaluatepositivisttheoriesonthecausesofhomicideExternalrestrainttheorySocializationinaggressionbyphysicalpunishmentSubcultureofviolenceDoestheDe