2018-2022年高考英語真題分類訓(xùn)練-閱讀理解之人物介紹

04人物介紹

Passagel（2022年全國甲卷之C篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

人物介紹事例闡述322travel

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins（企鵝）

longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinni

wouldneverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingand

hersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventually

gettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheap

dealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmerican

mainland.4tIjustdecidedIwantedtogo,“shesays."IhadnoideaaboutwhatEdfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,I

justwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.,,

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowards

Antarctica.64Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftan

impressiononmethatnootherplacehas,“Ginnisays."IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustrose

outofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperatic

soundsitwasmakingunderwater.,,

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithome

toGinni.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge^^underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.

29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?

A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.

C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend'sinvitation.

30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?

A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.

CItshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

【答案解析】

【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對旅行有著深深的熱愛，渴望探

險，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年開始了前往南極洲的旅程。

【28題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,

butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.（在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進一步探索）”

和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest（當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨立生

活）”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組takethe

plunge與trychallengingthings”嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。

【29題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonships

goingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.（正是在智利，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以在最后一刻買到從火地

島附近島嶼前往南極洲的廉價船票）”可知，是折扣的票價讓Ginni決定去南極洲旅行的。故選C。

【30題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthe

biggestthingsthathithometoGinni.（意識到這是一塊寶貴的土地,應(yīng)該受到人類的尊重,這是Ginni最深刻

的感受之一）”可知，旅行結(jié)束后，Ginni認為南極洲應(yīng)該得到很好的保護。故選C。

[31題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述J'GinniBalinton去南極旅行的經(jīng)歷，再根據(jù)第一段“Thesegentle

lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.（這些溫柔可愛的

看門人歡迎了她，并開始了一次Ginni永遠不會忘記的旅行）”和倒數(shù)第二段GinniBalinton對南極之旅的評

價可知，文章主要介紹了GinniBalimon去南極洲之旅讓她非常難忘。由此可知，Anunforgettableexperience.

（一次難忘的經(jīng)歷）能夠概括文章主旨。故選B。

【詞匯積累】

haveadeeplovefor深愛...career職業(yè)professional職業(yè)的longto渴望eventually最終witness目

睹，見證leaveanimpressionon給...留下印象creature生物operaticadj.歌劇的；歌劇風(fēng)格的

【長難句析】

1.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

【分析】本句含有一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；itwastimetotaketheplunge.

為固定短語，意為：該做某事了。

【翻譯】當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終飛上了安樂窩，她決定是時候冒險了。

2.IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureand

Ithoughtitwassmilingatus.

【分析】本句thefirsttime為名詞性連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，先行詞為aplace；itwassmilingatus為省略

\that的賓語從句。

【翻譯】我記得我第一次看到座頭鯨的時候；它剛剛浮出水面，就像史前生物一樣，我以為它在對我們微笑。

Passage!（2022年1月浙江卷之A篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

工作學(xué)習(xí)事例闡述356specialist

Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwas

bomofthefinancialcrisis（危機）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehad

workedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,while

drivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenver

agreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongforMerebethtodecideto

drivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicealsosatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexcept

Montana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwith

transportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyflooding

andstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.ShemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhen

shewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.Assoonasshegraduatedfromhigh

schoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyeda

lifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn'tworkin

summer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes,she

getsrestless-thesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemustheedalone,though.Merebethsays,"WhenIam

ontheroad,Fmjustinmyownworld.Tvealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImushhelp

animals.

1.WhydidMerebethchangedherjob?

A.Shewantedtoworknearherhome.

B.Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.

C.HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.

D.Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.

2.Theword"wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?

A.makemoney.B.tryvariousjobs.

C.beclosetonature.D.traveltodifferentplaces.

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutMerebethinhernewjob?

A.Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.

B.Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.

C.Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.

D.Sheearnsabasicandtax-freesalary.

【答案】l.D2.D3.C

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述Merebeth從事的新工作。近十年來，她一直是一名自營寵物運輸專

家。

【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworked

fortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.（她曾在——家房地產(chǎn)公

司做了10年的辦公室經(jīng)理，經(jīng)濟低迷打擊了這家公司。公司破產(chǎn)了，她只好另尋新工作）“，可知，Merebeth

之所以換工作，是因為她以前的雇主破產(chǎn)了。故選D。

（2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“IthastakenhertoeverystaleintheUSexceptMontana,Washingtonand

Oregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.She

travelsinallweathers.（她自豪地說,除了蒙大拿州、華盛頓州和俄勒岡州，她走遍了美國所有的州。如果

她想去一個新的地方，她只需要找到一個有交通需要的寵物。她風(fēng)雨無阻地旅行）“，可知，劃線詞的意思

是“渴望去不同的地方旅行故選D。

[3題詳解]推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“WhenIamontheroad,I'mjustinmyownworld.I'vealwaysbeen

independent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImushhelpanimals.（當(dāng)我在路上的時候，我只是在自己的世界

里。我一直很獨立，我強烈地覺得我必須幫助動物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。

故選C。

【詞匯積累】

financialcrisis金融危機estaten.房地產(chǎn)wanderlustn.流浪癖；漫游癖；旅游熱

【長難句析】

1.ShemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexplore

anewplacetogether.

【分析】本句含有一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，because為原因狀語從句。

【翻譯】在她一歲的時候，她舉家從加拿大搬到了加州，因為他想讓他們一起探索一個新的地方。

2.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,away

fromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

【分析】本句含有一個Assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.

為定語從句，先行詞為theCaliforniancoasto

【翻譯】高中一畢業(yè)，她就離開了家，住在加利福尼亞海岸外的卡特琳娜島，遠離了她的父母，在那里她

享受著帆船和越野自行車的生活。

Passage3（2021年6月浙江卷）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

演藝生涯事例闡述305comedy

LeslieNielsen'schildhoodwasadifficultone,buthehadoneparticularshiningstarinhislife—hisuncle,

whowasawell-knownactor.TheadmirationandrespecthisuncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareer（職V，）

inacting.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gaininga

scholarshiptotheNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.

However,becomingafull-time,successfulactorwouldstillbeanuphillbattlefbranothereightyearsuntilhe

landedanumberoffilmrolesthatfinallygothimnoticed.

Buteventhen,whathehadwasn'tquitewhathewanted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybut

hisgoodlooksanddistinguishedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles.Itwasn'tuntil1980—32yearsintohis

career—thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplanelThatmovieledhimintothesecond

halfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmovie

reviewerswouldnotrateithighly.

DidNielsenthenfeelcontentinhiscareer?Yesandno.Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealways

feltheshoulddobutevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewrole

orchallengemightbejustaroundthecomer.Heneverstoppedworking,neverretired.

LeslieNielsen'sdevotiontoactingiswonderfullyinspiring.Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittle

morethanplainoldhardworkanddetermination.Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire,nevergivenupon,can

makeforaremarkablelife.

1.WhydidNielsenwanttobeanactor?

A.Heenjoyedwatchingmovies.B.Hewaseagertoearnmoney.

C.HewantedtobelikehisuncleD.Hefelthewasgoodatacting.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutNielseninthesecondhalfofhiscareer?

A.Hedirectedsomehighqualitymovies.B.Heavoidedtakingonnewchallenges.

C.Hefocusedonplayingdramaticroles.D.Hebecameasuccessfulcomedyactor.

3.WhatdoesNielsen'scareerstorytellus?

A.Artislong,lifeisshort.B.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest.

C.It'snevertoolatetolearn.D.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway.

【答案】l.C2.D3.D

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了LeslieNielsen的演藝生涯。

[1題】細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第一段"hisuncle,whowasawell-knownactor.Theadmirationandrespecthis

uncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareerinacting.（他的叔叔，是一位著名的演員。Nielsen的叔叔所贏得

的欽佩和尊重激勵他走上了演藝事業(yè)）''可知，Nielsen想當(dāng)演員的原因是想像他叔叔一樣。故選C項。

【2題】細節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehis

comedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateit

highly.（這部電影使他進入了職業(yè)生涯的后半段，即使影評人對這部電影評價不高，但僅僅憑他的喜劇表演

就可以使這部電影獲得經(jīng)濟上的成功）“可知，在Nielsen職業(yè)生涯的后半段，他成了一個成功的喜劇演員。

故選D項。

【3題】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章最后一段“Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittlemore

thanplainoldhardworkanddetermination.Heshowedusthatevenasingledesire,nevergivenupon,canmake

foraremarkablelife.（他憑借平凡的努力和決心建立了一個非常成功的事業(yè)。他告訴我們，即使是只有一個

愿望，永不放棄，也能成就非凡的人生）''可推知，Nielsen的職業(yè)經(jīng)歷告訴我們：有志者事竟成。故選D項。

【詞匯積累】

admirationn.欽佩，贊美uphilladj.adv.上坡的，向上的distinguishedadj.卓越的，杰出的comedicadj.

喜劇的financialadj.財政的，金融的

【長難句析】

1.Eventhoughheoftenfelthewouldbediscoveredtobeano-talent,hemovedforward,gainingascholarshipto

theNeighborhoodPlayhouseandmakinghisfirsttelevisionappearanceafewyearslaterin1948.

【分析】本句Eventhough引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，主句為hemovedforward,gaining為現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀

語。

【翻譯】盡管他經(jīng)常覺得自己會被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個沒有才華的人，但他繼續(xù)前進，獲得了鄰里劇場的獎學(xué)金，

并在幾年后的1948年首次在電視上露面。

2.Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamoviea

financialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.

【分析】本句的wherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccess是定語從句，when

moviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly為時間狀語從句。

【翻譯】這部電影讓他進入了職業(yè)生涯的后半段，在這段時間里，即使影評人評價不高，他的喜劇表演也

能讓一部電影獲得經(jīng)濟上的成功。

（2020全國新高考1閱讀B）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

勵志人物事例闡述318willpower

JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninga

nursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireand

becamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfrom

thefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,

workingtopayhertuition（學(xué)費），becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.After

graduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.

Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvanceher

careerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-Eau

ClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-year

degreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceived

greatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,

andher68-year-oidmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（犧牲）to

achievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy."Somenightsmy

heartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,"shesays.However,her

childrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generation

graduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat*sprettypowerful.

4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?

A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.

B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.

C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.

D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.

5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?

A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.

C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.

6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?

A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.

C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?

A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbaniers.

C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大學(xué)教育的情況下，通過自己的努力，

以及家人的幫助完成了四年學(xué)位。她的努力不僅讓自己以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)，還給家人，尤其是她的三個孩

子樹立了榜樣，讓他們得到了激勵。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayher

tuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation4高中畢業(yè)后,Jennifer上了一所當(dāng)?shù)氐?/p>

技術(shù)學(xué)院來支付她的學(xué)費，因為家里沒有額外的錢用來支付大學(xué)教育）可知，高中畢業(yè)后Jennifer通過自己

掙錢來完成大學(xué)教學(xué)，因為家里沒有額外的錢。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.（她自食其力讀完了大

學(xué)）符合以上說法，故選C項。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalin

Marshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbe

homeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.（她選擇了位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項目，因

為她可以在離家近的地方攻讀四年的學(xué)位。她可以開車去上課，晚上可以回家照顧孩子）可知，Jennifei?選擇

位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項目是因為離家近，這樣便于照顧她的三個孩子。A.To

takecareofherkidseasily.（為了方便照顧她的孩子）符合以上說法，故選A項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后?段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsand

missingimportanteventstostudy.（Jennifer為了實現(xiàn)自己的目標犧牲了很多，她放棄了很多個和孩子待在一起

的晚上，錯過了很多重要的活動）可知，為了實現(xiàn)自己的目標Jennifer放棄了和家人待在一起的時光。B.Her

timewithfamily.（她與家人的時光）符合以上說法，故選B項。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后?段的Throughitail,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwith

honors.（雖然經(jīng)歷了這些，但她一直保持著良好的學(xué)術(shù)地位，并以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)）和However,herchildren

havelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateand

aninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'stheprettypowerftiL（然而，她的孩子們在見證母親獲得學(xué)位的過程中得到

了重要的一課。Jennifer是第一代畢業(yè)生，這對她的家庭來說是一種激勵-這是非常強大的。）可知，Jennifer

在艱苦的環(huán)境中通過自己的努力不僅以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)，還給孩子樹立了榜樣，同時也讓家人得到了激勵。

由此推測，我們可以從Jennifer的故事中學(xué)到:努力總會有回報。C.Hardworkpaysoff.（努力會得到回報）符合

以上說法，故選C項。

【詞匯積累】

willpowern.意志力,毅力typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的pursuev.追求,致力于

payhertuition付學(xué)費學(xué)費sacrifice犧牲achievehergoal實現(xiàn)目標inspiration靈感

【長難句析】

1.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（學(xué)費），becausethere

wasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.

【分析】本句含有一個原因狀語從句becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation,working

topayhertuition為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。

【翻譯】高中畢業(yè)后，詹妮弗上了當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰夹g(shù)學(xué)院，她靠打工來支付學(xué)費（學(xué)費），因為沒有多余的錢供

她上大學(xué)。

2.Jennifersacrificed^西牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportantevents

tostudy.

【分析】本句givingup和missingimportanteventstostudy為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語.；tostudy為動詞不

定式做importantevents的定語。

【翻譯】Jennifer為了實現(xiàn)她的目標犧牲了（犧牲），為了學(xué)習(xí)，她放棄了很多和孩子在一起的夜晚，錯過了

重要的活動。

（2020年北京卷之C篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

科學(xué)技能事例闡述409techniques

Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgotten

techniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）

consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesforhis

ownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.

"Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutitJshesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow

theyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcan

evenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata1Oth-centuryEnglishmedicineforeve

problemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.

Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinorder

topreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetime

worethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.Thesesculptures

werepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartas

theyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandscienceback

together:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathighlights

experimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.

Backwhenscience-thencalled“thenewphilosophy^^—tookshape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpin

understandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinventedbywayofartistictinkering（修補）,as

craftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.

Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofour

moderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

38.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?

A.Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.

B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.

C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.

D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.

39.AccordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto.

A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraftsmen

C.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers

40.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?

A.lbrevealthebeautyofancientobjects.

B.Topresentthefindingsofoldscience.

CTohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.

D.lbemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.

41.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtists

B.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheories

C.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists

D.CraftsmenReshapetheFutureofScience

【答案】38.D39.B40.D41.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述科學(xué)家PaulaSmith致力于對古代手工技能的研究，認為科學(xué)家如果

能夠把古代的手工技能和現(xiàn)代的科學(xué)方法結(jié)合起來，就能夠創(chuàng)造更大成就。

【38題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskills

theauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.“讓史

密斯震驚的主要是，她并沒有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她說廣你根本無法通過閱讀來了解這些手工

作品。”由此可知讀完這份法國手稿，這種手工技能讓史密斯感到震驚，故選D。

【39題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanreveal

howtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,”重建幾個世紀前工匠的作品，可以揭示他們?nèi)绾?/p>

看待世界，他們的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是為了了解工匠。故選B。

【40題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhow

onobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhat

treasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.,,史密斯說，這項工作也給博物館帶來了深刻的見解。為了

保存它，一個人必須知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解寶藏磨損

之前的樣子。因此可知，博物館要想很好保存物品，必須要知道這件物品是如何制成的，也是在強調(diào)手工

技能的價值，故選D。

[41題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,

wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯說，如果我們能重新發(fā)

現(xiàn)實踐經(jīng)驗和工藝的價值，我們就能將現(xiàn)代的最好見解與我們祖先的靈巧結(jié)合起來。由此可知本文的中心

思想就在于如果科學(xué)家能把古代的手工技巧同現(xiàn)代的理論結(jié)合起來，就能夠獲得更多的成就。C選項

CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工藝造就了更好的科學(xué)家，符合文章主題，適合做標題，故選C。

【點睛】標題猜測題。屬于主旨大意題的一種，標題應(yīng)位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它

可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標題，第一，標題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標題是否能概括全

文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細節(jié)；第三，標題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太?。蛔詈?，標題應(yīng)新穎，概

括性強并且精煉。小題4中C選項概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選C。

【詞匯積累】

techniquesn.技術(shù)；方法manuscript手稿consistof含有，有…組成mysterious神秘

craftsmen手工藝人ancestors祖先drug?resistantadj.耐藥的；抗藥性的

【長難句析】

1.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofour

moderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.

【分析】本句含有一個If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語；says后含有一個賓語從句wecanmaiTythebestofourmodem

insightswiththehandinessofourancestorso

【翻譯】史密斯說，如果我們能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)親身體驗和手工制作的價值，我們就能把我們現(xiàn)代最好的見解與

我們祖先的靈巧結(jié)合起來。

2.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyappeared-somethingSmith

believesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.

【分析】本句含有一個省略了ihat的定語從句Smilhbelieves,先行詞為somelhing；定語從句又含有一個賓

語從句youcando；whenyouhavearoadmap為時間狀語從句。

【翻譯】如果沒有看到藝術(shù)品最初的樣子，我們就無法欣賞這些細節(jié)一一史密斯認為只有當(dāng)你有一張路線

圖時，你才能做到這一點。

Passaged（2020年天津卷之B篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

人物故事事例闡述461statue

“Theytellmethatyou'dliketomakeastatue（塑像）ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?^^

Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswas

n