2021-2022學(xué)年北京海淀區(qū)初三第一學(xué)期英語期末試卷及答案

2021-2022學(xué)年北京海淀區(qū)初三第一學(xué)期英語期末試卷及答

案

本部分共31題，共48分。在每題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最符合題目要求的一項(xiàng)。

一、單項(xiàng)填空（每題1分，共10分）

從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.Paulismybestfriend.Ioftenpracticerunningwithafterschool.

A.meB.usC.himD.them

【答案】C

【解析】

【詳解】句意：保羅是我最好的朋友。放學(xué)后我經(jīng)常和他一起練習(xí)跑步。

考查人稱代詞賓格。me我；US我們;him他；them他們。根據(jù)wPaulismybestfriend.

保羅是我最好的朋友，可知是放學(xué)后我經(jīng)常和“他”一起練習(xí)跑步，故選C。

2.ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderBell1876.

A.inB.onC.atD.from

【答案】A

【解析】

【詳解】句意：電話是亞歷山大?貝爾于1876年發(fā)明的?

考查時(shí)間介詞辨析。in用在年、月或上、下午的前面；On用于具體的某一天或具體某一天

的上午、下午或晚上；at用于具體的時(shí)刻前面；from來自。根據(jù)“1876”可知，在某年前

面用介詞in。故選A。

3.It,ssnowingoutside.Putonyourcoatbeforeleaving,youmaycatch

acold.

A.soB.orC.butD.and

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【詳解】句意：外面下雪了。走之前穿上外套，否則你會(huì)感冒的。

考查連詞。So所以；Or否則；but但是；and和。根據(jù)“祈使句+and/or陳述句”可知，A、

C不符合句意；再者根據(jù)"Putonyourcoatbeforeleaving"和"youmaycatchacold”

可知，走之前穿上外套，否則你會(huì)感冒的。故選B。

4.—schoolbagisthis,LiMing?

-Iamnotsure.ItmightbeCarla,s.

A.WhoB.WhoseC.WhatD.Which

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【詳解】句意：一一李明，這是誰的書包？一一我不確定?？赡苁强ɡ摹?/p>

考查特殊疑問句。WhO誰;WhOSe誰的;What什么;WhiCh哪個(gè)。根據(jù)αItmightbeCarla,s.,,

可知，是詢問這是誰的書包。故選B。

5.—Mum,IgototheshoppingcenterwithAnnanow?

—I,mafraidyoucan,t.Youshouldcleanyourroomfirst.

A.shouldB.mustC.canD.need

【答案】C

【解析】

【詳解】句意：一一媽媽，我現(xiàn)在可以和安娜一起去購(gòu)物中心了嗎？一一恐怕不行。你應(yīng)該

先打掃你的房間。

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。ShOUld應(yīng)該；must必須；Can可以；need需要。根據(jù)答語"I'mafraid

youCan't.”可知，用can't做否定回答，所以用Can提問，故選C。

6.It,swellknownthattheGreatWallisoneof_______man-madewondersinthe

world.

A.greatB.greaterC.greatestD.the

greatest

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

【詳解】句意：眾所周知，長(zhǎng)城是世界上最偉大的人造奇跡之一。

考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)"oneof+the+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”可知，此空需要形容詞最高級(jí)，

且最高級(jí)前面需要加上the。故選D。

7.—Jason,Icalledyouat8:00lastnight,butyoudidn,tanswerit.

—Oh,Itosomeloudmusicatthat.time.

A.listenB.listenedC.amlisteningD.was

listening

【答案】D

【解析】

【詳解】句意：一一Jason,我昨晚八點(diǎn)給你打過電話，但你沒接。一一噢，我當(dāng)時(shí)正在聽

吵鬧的音樂。

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)"atthattime”可知，此處表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)WaS/weredoing的結(jié)構(gòu),故選D。

8.—Howisyourreadingproject?

-ImostofthebookswearesupposedtoreadsinceSeptember.

A.havereadB.readC.willreadD.am

reading

【答案】A

【解析】

【詳解】句意：一一你的閱讀計(jì)劃怎么樣了？一一從九月份開始，我們應(yīng)該讀的書我讀了大

部分了。

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。SinCe+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。

9.The2022WinterOlympicsinBeijingthisFebruary.

A.heldB.wereheldC.willholdD.willbe

held

【答案】D

【解析】

【詳解】句意：2022年冬奧會(huì)將于今年2月在北京舉行。

考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境，可知句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來時(shí)，且主語“Winter

OIymPiCS”和謂語動(dòng)詞“hold”之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)

語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：Willb6+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，故選D。

10.一Excuseme,couldyoutellmeonweekends?

—Itclosesat10:30pm.

Λ.whentheschoollibraryclosesB.whentheschoollibraryclosed

C.whendoestheschoollibrarycloseD.whendidtheschoollibrary

close

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

【詳解】句意：一一對(duì)不起，你能告訴我學(xué)校圖書館周末什么時(shí)候關(guān)門嗎？一一晚上十點(diǎn)

半關(guān)門。

考查賓語從句。根據(jù)“Itclosesat10:30pm.”可知，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；且

賓語從句的語序要用陳述語氣，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A符合句意。故選A。

二、完形填空（每題1.5分，共12分）

閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最

佳選項(xiàng)。

Jakewassittingallaloneintheclassroomduringthebreak,thinkingabout

the"C"hehadreceivedinhisspellingtest."IknewIwasgettingitwhenI

wastakingthetest,butIjustcan,thelpfeelingunluckytobebadat

spellings,"thoughtJake.IIewasgoodatothersubjects,andhecouldn,t11

seeingabig"C"onhistestpaper.

Afterthebreak,thespellingteacherMs.KaurcameinandsaidthattheSpelling

BeeContestwasgoingtobeheld.Somestudentswereexcitedbecausetheyweregood

atspellings,butotherswore12expressions.SodidJake.IIecertainlywas

nottakingpartinit.Hewasstillworryingabouthistest.Jakewantedtoscore

wellinspellingteststoo,buthecouldn,tfocusonspellings.Hesattherethinking

aboutwhattodo.Finally,hegotagoodidea.Itseemedthebestthingtodowas

to13somethinginspellings.Heknewittookcouragetotakepartinsomething

hewasbadat,butitwasawindowofopportunity.

Thenextday,whenhetoldMs.Kaurabouthisdecision,shewassurprised."I

amproudofyou,Jake.Youseta/an14forthosewhoarebadatsomesubjects,

butneverworkforthem.”

Fromthatdayon,Jakestartedworkingforthecontest.Hewasburiedinthe

spellingbooks,feelingsleepynowandthen.Hefeltsurehewouldsleepwiththe

boringspellings.Buthewentonworking.

Soonthedayforthefirst15ofthecontestcame.Itwashisturn.He

walkedontothestage.Hewasnervous.Ms.Kaurnoddedherheadencouragingly.She

askedhimtheword.Jakewantedto16rightthere.Heknewtheword!

uE-N-O-R-M-I-T-Y,,,heanswered.

Unexpectedly,Jakeenteredthenextroundandworkedevenharder.Inthefinal

Jakefelthisheart17loudly.Butwhenheheardhisword,hewasnomorenervous.

wC-O-U-N-C-I-L,,,heansweredcorrectly.Hemadeitforthesubjectinwhichhe

gotbadgrades!

Opportunitiescomeandgo.Thesecretofsuccessistobe18whenan

opportunitycomes.Whenitcomes,youmusttakeitandgoon,andnevergiveup.

11.A.helpB.mindC.standD.

remember

12.A.boredB.excitedC.pleasedD.

confused

13.A.avoidB.achieveC.admireD.accept

14.A.goalB.instructionC.planD.

example

15.A.timeB.wordC.roundD.scene

16.A.hideB.runC.sitD.dance

17.A.singingB.beatingC.hittingD.aching

18.A.readyB.happyC.patientD.

curious

【答案】11.C]⑵A13.B14.D15.C16.D17.B18.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講了主人公一開始在單詞拼寫方面成績(jī)不夠好，為了突破自己，他決定通

過比賽，讓自己在拼寫方面有所收獲，終于功夫不負(fù)苦心人，他成功了。

【11題詳解】

句意：他在其他科目上都很好，他不能忍受看到他的試卷上一個(gè)大大的“C”。

help幫助；mind介意；stand忍受；remember記住。根據(jù)α∏ewasgoodatothersubjects”

可知，他無法忍受看到他的試卷上一個(gè)大大的“C”。故選C。

【12題詳解】

句意：一些學(xué)生很興奮，因?yàn)樗麄兩瞄L(zhǎng)拼寫，但其他學(xué)生則表現(xiàn)出厭煩的表情。

bored厭煩的；excited興奮的；PIeaSed滿意的;COnfUSed困惑的。根據(jù)"but”可知,此

句和上句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，其他學(xué)生則表現(xiàn)出厭煩的表情。故選A。

【13題詳解】

句意：似乎最好的辦法是在拼寫方面有所收獲。

avoid避免；achieve獲得；admire羨慕；accept接受。根據(jù)"Heknewittookcourageto

takepartinsomethinghewasbadat,butitwasawindowofopportunity.“可知，

要想在拼寫方面有所進(jìn)步，就要在拼寫上面有收獲。故選B。

14題詳解】

句意：你為那些在某些科目上表現(xiàn)不好，卻從不為它們努力的人樹立了榜樣。

goal目標(biāo)；instruction指示；PIan計(jì)劃；example榜樣。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容和"whoarebadat

somesubjects,butneverworkforthem"可知，他為其他人樹立了一個(gè)好榜樣。故選D。

【15題詳解】

句意：不久，第一輪比賽的日子就到了。

time時(shí)間；Word單詞；round輪；SCene場(chǎng)景。根據(jù)"Itwashisturn.Hewalkedontothe

stage.Hewasnervous"和"Jakeenteredthenextround)"可知，第一輪比賽的日子來

了。故選Co

【16題詳解】

句意：杰克想在那里跳舞。

un

hide藏；run跑;Sit坐;dance跳舞。根據(jù)"Heknewtheword!E-N-O-R-M-I-T-Y1he

answered.”可知，因?yàn)橹来鸢?，所以激?dòng)地想跳舞。故選1)。

【17題詳解】

句意：在決賽中，杰克感到自己的心跳得很厲害。

Singing唱歌；beating跳動(dòng)；hitting撞；aching痛。根據(jù)"heart”可知，是心臟跳動(dòng)地

厲害。故選Bo

【18題詳解】

句意：成功的秘訣在于當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)來臨時(shí)要做好準(zhǔn)備。

ready準(zhǔn)備；happy開心；patient耐心的；CUrioUS好奇的。根據(jù)“Whenitcomes,youmust

takeitandgoon,andnevergiveup.”可知，當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)來臨的時(shí)候，我們要做好準(zhǔn)備。

故選Ao

三、閱讀理解（每題2分，共26分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、F四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選

項(xiàng)。

A

Areyoulookingforsomefunwaystorecyclewastematerials?Herearesomesimple

butenjoyablewastematerialschoolprojectforalmosteveryagegroup!

Doyouhavetoomanydriedleavesinfrontofyourhouse

DriedLeafAnimalsthatyouneedtokeepsweepingintothebin?Whydon,t

youusethemtomakesomethingfuninstead?Pickupfallen

leavesandturnthemintolittleanimalcut-outs.Thenyou

canusethemasbookmarksorstickthemoncards.Thisis

agreatactivityforyouwhenyou'rebored.

Haveyouevertriedtoturnoldplasticorglass

BottleVasesbottlesintoprettylittlevases?Youcanusewhateveryou

一———???3J3

wantforthis.Wesuggestsomepaint,tapeandevenpieces

ofcloth.Getsomefallenflowersandleavestodecorate

（裝飾）yourbottlestoo!Nowyouhaveyourveryownvases

toputsomeprettyflowersin.

Doyouusuallythrowyourpencilshavingsintothebin?

PencilShavingArtNowyoucankeeptheminstead!Therearemanyartandcraft

———.A■

activitiesforyou.Fromfruitstoanimalstoflowers,the

questionisn,twhatyoucandowithpencilshavingsbut

；____GRRRRJratherwhatyoucannotdo!Letyourimaginationrunwild

andseewhatcoolandcreativeideasyou,11comeupwith!

Haveyoueverthoughtofthis?Howcreativethisone

WalnutShellTurtlesis!Walnutshells（核桃殼）dolookliketurtleshells.Get

somepaint,ablackmarker,tape,glue,scissors,

cardboardandyourwalnutshellsandyou,regoodtogo.

飛魚-

,?*,■Enjoyyourselvesasyousitandmakecutelittleturtles

皿，aW

>>

*thatyoucankeepinanybedroomorthelivingroom.We

lovethisactivityandwehopeyoudotoo!

19.Intheprojects,thedriedleavescanbeusedto.

A.makebookmarksB.lightcandlesC.playgamesD.feed

animals

20.Tomhassomewalnutshells,andhecanturntheminto

A.animalcut-outsB.prettyvasesC.beautifulflowersD.cute

turtles

21.Theprojectsaredesignedtohelp________.

A.decoratetheclassroomsB.keeptheschoolclean

C.makethelessonsmorefunD.recyclewastematerials

【答案】19.A20.D21.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而有趣的回收廢物項(xiàng)目。

【19題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Pickupfallenleavesandturnthemintolittleanimalcut-outs.

Thenyoucanusethemasbookmarksorstickthemoncards”可知，干樹葉可以作為

書簽，故選A。

【20題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Walnutshells（核桃殼）dolookliketurtleshellsw可知，可以

將核桃殼變成可愛的烏龜，故選D。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Areyoulookingforsomefunwaystorecyclewastematerialsw

可知，這些項(xiàng)目是為了幫助回收廢物，故選D。

B

TheArtofSinging

WhenAlanafirstsawthemusicalAnnie,sheknewshewantedtotryoutforthe

leadroleatsometimeinherlife.Shewenthomeandsangtheshowtune（曲目）of

Annie.Sherecordedhersingingandlistenedbacktoit,butitdidn,tsoundas

goodasshethought.

“Yourvoiceislikeaninstrument.Youneedtolearnhowtouseit,,,hermother

suggested.

SoAlanajoinedabandandasingingclub.Shealsolearnedhowtoreadsheet

musicandothersingingskills.

Dayslater,ΛlanawenttothelibraryandtookoutsomeCDsoffemaleartists

tolistento.Sheranthroughthefemaleartistsandtriedveryhardtoemulate（模

仿）theirsinging.First,AlanaputonArethaFranklin,whoisknowastheQueen

ofSoul.Then,sheputonBillieHoliday.Shelearnedtorelaxherneckandshoulders

andbreathedinfromaboveherbelly.Alanafoundthateachsingerhadtheirown

wayofformingthenotes.Shewasamazedtoseethatthehumanvoicecouldstretch

（伸展）insomanydifferentways.AsAlanaexperimentedwithvariouswaysofsinging,

shegotmorecomfortablewithwhatherownvoicenaturallysoundedlike.

Aroundthistime,itwasannouncedthatherschoolwouldproducetheirown

performanceofAnnie.Alanawantedthelead!

WhenshetriedoutforAnnie,shesangverypowerfully."Thesun,11comeout..

tomorrow!,,shebeltedout."You'reonly...adayyy....a...wayyyyy!,,

Hermusicteacherapplauded."Alana,you,vebeenworkinghardtobecomea

bettersinger.Congratulations!You,vegottheleadrole!You,reournewAnnie!”

Alana,sdreamcametrue.Butsheknewherdreamdidn,tjusthappenbecause

shewishedandhopeditwould.She,dbeentakinglessonsandworkinghard.Shewalked

homewhistling（用口哨吹奏）ahappylittlesong.

22.WhydidAlanapracticesingingtheshowtuneofAnnie?

A.Becausehermotherencouragedhertojoinaband.

B.BecauseshewantedtotryoutfortheroleofAnnie.

C.BecauseAlanawouldteachherclassmatestosingit.

D.BecauseitwasasongfromherfavoritemusicalAnnie.

23.Afterlisteningandemulatingsomeartists,singing,Alana

A.helpedherclasswinaprizeB.learnedtousehervoicebetter

C.wasabletowriteherownsongsD.mastereddifferentwaysof

singing

24.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

A.AllroadsleadtoRome.B.Loveme,lovemydog.

C.Hardworkdoespayoff.D.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

【答案】22.B23.B24.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了主人公經(jīng)過不斷的模仿和練習(xí)，終于得到了音樂劇

的主角。

【22題詳解】

名田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"WhenAlanafirstsawthemusicalAnnie,sheknewshewantedto

tryoutfortheleadroleatsometimeinherlife,v可知，Alana想試演主角。故選

Bo

【23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"AsAlanaexperimentedwithvariouswaysofsinging,shegotmore

comfortablewithwhatherownvoicenaturallysoundedlike.”可知,隨著Alana不

斷嘗試各種演唱方式，她對(duì)自己自然的聲音更加適應(yīng)，可推知學(xué)會(huì)了更好地使用她的聲音。

故選B。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，AIana經(jīng)過不斷的模仿和練習(xí)，終于得到了音樂劇的主角，

可見付出終有回報(bào)。故選C。

C

Everyonewantstobewell-liked.Ashumans,wearebornwiththeneedtobevalued

andlikedbyothers.Beingpartofagrouphasbeennecessaryinalotofways.

Connectionisabasichumanneed.

Manypeoplefeelasthoughtheyhavetobeacertainwaytobewell-liked.They

thinkotherswilllikethemmoreiftheyputtheirbestselvesforward,don,tmake

mistakes,andalwaysknowtherightthingtosay.However,somesurprisingscience

maybeputtingallthisinquestion.

ThePratfallEffect

Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhonevermakemistakesareactuallylesslikeable.

AccordingtoanexperimentbyElliotAronsoninthe1960s,peoplewhomadeasmall

blunder,suchasdroppingcoffeeOVertheirshirt,wereconsideredmorelikeable

thanthosewhodidn,t.Thiswasonlytrueforpeoplewhowereconsideredcompetent

（有能力的）inthefirstplace,though.Thisphenomenon（現(xiàn)象）wastermedthePratfall

Effect.

ThePratfallEffectshowsthatit,snotonlyokaytomakemistakes,butitcan

actuallybehelpfultous.Vulnerability（weakness）isendearing（討人喜歡的）.It

helpsusformconnectionswithothers.Whenweunderstandwheresomeoneiscoming

fromanconnectionwiththem,wedevelopadeepemotionalbondandlikethemmore.

Applythistoyourownlife

Youcanusethisinformationtoyouradvantage.Firstly,it,simportanttoknow

1ikeabilitydependsoncontext.Whatsomeonefindsendearinginonesituationmay

notworkinanother,anddifferentpeoplemightfinddifferentqualitiesmore

likeable.Sometimesthethingswedislikethemostaboutourselvesarethemost

endearingtoothers.Thesamecanbetruefortheopposite.Justbeyourtrueself

andpeoplewillfindwhattheylovemostaboutyou.

Secondly,vulnerabilityisagoodthing.Sharingthemostinner,realpartsof

yourselvescancreatemeaningfulconnections.Pretending（假裝）tobeperfectis

notsomethingthatpeoplefindendearing.Butopeningupissomethingthatpeople

caneasilyconnectwith.

Likeabilityisnotasstraightforwardasyoumightthink.Whatyouthinkmakes

youmorelikeablemightactuallymakeyoulesslikeable.Stoppretendingyounever

makemistakes.It,sthebestpathtoatrueandmeaningfulhumanconnection.

25.WhatcanwelearnfromthePratfallEffect?

A.Lifeexperiencecanbeenrichedbymakingmistakes.

B.Thefearofmakingmistakesmakespeoplemorecareful.

C.Peoplewhomakesmallmistakesmayturnouttobemorelikeable.

D.Theabilitytolearnfrommistakesmakesapersonmorecompetent.

26.Whatisthewriter,sopiniononvulnerability?

A.Itleadsustotherightwaytobeperfect.

B.Itworksasasmartwaytoexpressouropinions.

C.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselves.

D.Ithelpsusformmeaningfulconnectionswithothers.

27.Thewritersuggeststhatweshouldstaytruetoourselvesbecause.

A.likeabilityvariesindifferentcasesB.noonecanbeperfect

C.weshouldacceptandlikewhoweareD.it,shardtopretendallthe

time

28.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ASecrettoImprovingYourQualityofLife

B.ΛKeytoBeingLikeableWhenMakingMistakes

C.ThePossibleBenefitsofBuildingupConnections

D.TheSurprisingScienceBehindBeingWell-Iiked

【答案】25.C26.D27.A28.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了人人都想被他人所喜歡，但是一些令人驚訝科學(xué)

對(duì)此提出了質(zhì)疑。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhonevermakemistakesareactuallyless

likeable.,,可知，事實(shí)證明，從不犯錯(cuò)的人實(shí)際上不那么討人喜歡。故選C。

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Vulnerability(weakness)isendearing(討人喜歡的).Ithelpsus

formconnectionswithothers.Whenweunderstandwheresomeoneiscomingfroman

connectionwiththem,wedevelopadeepemotionalbondandlikethemmore.”可矢口,

它能幫助我們與他人建立有意義的聯(lián)系。故選D。

【27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"it'simportanttoknowlikeabilitydependsoncontext.,,和“Just

beyourtrueselfandpeoplewillfindwhattheylovemostaboutyou.“可知,忠

于自己是因?yàn)槭軞g迎程度取決于環(huán)境?故選A。

【28題詳解】

最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)"However,somesurprisingsciencemaybeputtingallthisin

question.,,可知，文章從科學(xué)角度方面解釋了受人喜愛背后的令人驚訝的科學(xué)知識(shí)。故選

Do

D

sphere

Imagineyouareorderingforyourroommates.YourememberLauraprefersbanana

icecreamtochocolate.Itcouldbeafactforitwasprovedbyobservingherbehavior.

However,theicecreampreferencecouldbeanopinionthatshowsherpersonalchoice.

Whileit,snicetothinktheworldisclearlydividedintomattersoffactand

mattersofopinion,it,snotalwaysthecase.

Whatwethinkarefacts—thosethingswethinkaretrue—canendupbeing

wrong.Callingsomethingafactisnotapromiseofinfallibility（無誤）?Thefamous

writer,AsimovexpressedthisinhisarticleTheRelativityofWrong.Forhim,the

personwhothinkstheEarthisflatiswrong,andsoisthepersonwhothinksthe

Earthisasphere.Afactisusuallyusedtorepresentthebestknowledgewehave

atacertaintime.

Thenagain,callingsomethinganopiniondoesn,tmeananescapetothefairyland

ofwishfulthinking.Ifwethinkofanopinionasoneperson,sviewonasubject,

thenmanyopinionscanbesolid.Forexample,it,smyopinionthatscienceprovides

uswithapowerfultooltohelpunderstandourplaceintheuniverse.It,snota

factthatsciencedoesso,butitworksforme.

Butwecanbemuchclearerinourmeaningifwedividethingsintomattersof

factandmattersofopinion.Mattersoffactarelimitedtoempiricalstatements

（實(shí)證表達(dá)），suchaswhattheboilingpointofwateris.Mattersofopinionare

non-empiricalstatements,whichincludequestionsofvalueandofpersonal

preferencesuchaswhetherit,sbettertoeatmorevegetablesthanmeat.

Mattersofopinioncanbeinformedbymattersoffact(forexample,findingout

thatvegetablesarerichinvitaminscanchangemyfoodpreference),butfinally

theyarenotansweredbymattersoffact(whydoesitmattertomethatvegetables

arerichinvitamins?)

Opinionsarenotjustpaleshadows(影子)offacts.Theyarejudgementsand

conclusions.Theycanbetheresultofcarefulconsiderationinareasforwhich

empiricalresearchisnotenoughorill-suited.

Factsandopinionsshouldn,tbeputinoppositiontoeachother,astheycan

bothplayanecessaryroleinourdecision-making.Butthat,sjustmyopinion,not

afact.

29.ThewritermentionsAsimov,sarticleinParagraph2toshow.

A.differentopinionsresultinheatedarguments

B.repeatingfactscanmakeothersagreewithus

C.whatwetakeasfactsmayturnouttobewrong

D.itisdifficulttopredicthowfactschangeovertime

30.Theword“informed”inParagraph5probablymeans"”.

Λ.influencedB.questionedC.replacedD.proved

31.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.opinionsaremoreimportantthanfacts

B.factsandopinionsarenotagainsteachother

C.opinionscanbetheresultsofwishfulthinking

D.factsplayanimportantroleinscientificresearch

【答案】29.C30.A31.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要講述了作者認(rèn)為事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)不應(yīng)該相互對(duì)立，因?yàn)樗鼈兌?/p>

可以在我們的決策中發(fā)揮必要的作用。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"WhatWethinkarefacts—thosethingswethinkaretrue—can

endupbeingwrong.Callingsomethingafactisnotapromiseofinfallibility(無

誤).Thefamouswriter,Λsimovexpressedthisinhisarticle.,,可矢口，“this”指

代uWhatwethinkarefacts—thosethingswethinkaretrue—canendupbeing

wrong.,,,因此作者提到ASinIoV文章是為了說明：我們認(rèn)為是事實(shí)的東西最終可能是錯(cuò)誤

的。故選Co

【30題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Mattersofopinioncanbeinformedbymattersoffact（forexample,

findingoutthatvegetablesarerichinvitaminscanchangemyfoodpreference）,,

可知，意見可以被事實(shí)影響，因此ainformed",意為"influenced”。故選Ao

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Factsandopinionsshouldn,tbeputinoppositiontoeachother,

astheycanbothplayanecessaryroleinourdecision-making.,,可知，作者認(rèn)為事

實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)不應(yīng)該相互對(duì)立，因?yàn)樗鼈兌伎梢栽谖覀兊臎Q策中發(fā)揮必要的作用。故選B。

本部分共6題，共20分。根據(jù)題目要求，完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。

四、閱讀表達(dá)（每題2分，共10分）

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。

Scienceshowsthatthereisarightwaytobuildhabitsthatlast.Herearesome

tipstomakeexerciseoneofthem.

Startsmall

Agoalofexercisingfor30minutesaday,5timesaweekmaysoundgood.But

howlikelyareyoutofollowthrough?Thebiggeryourgoalis,themorelikelyyou

aretofailandgiveup.It,sbettertostartwitheasyexercisegoalsyouknow

youcanachievebecauseyou,11buildself-confidencewhenyoumeetthem.Thenyou

canmoveontobiggergoals.

Usetriggers

Triggersaresimplyreminders-activities,places,orobjects-thatkick

ofanautomatic（自動(dòng)的）reaction.Theyhelpyoustartexercisingwithoutthinking

ormakingdecisions.Forexample,thealarmclockgoesoffandyou,reoutofthe

doorforyourwalk.Youspotyoursportsshoesrightbythebedandyou,reupand

running.Findwaystobuildtriggersintoyourdaytomakeexerciseano-brainer.

Reward（獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）yourself

Peoplewhooftenexercisetendtodosobecauseoftherewardsitbringstotheir

lives,suchasmoreenergy,bettersleepandagreatersenseofhappiness.However,

thesecanbelong-termrewards.Whenyou,restartinganexerciseprogram,it,s

importanttogiveyourselfimmediaterewardsifyousuccessfullycompleteaworkout.

Choosesomethingyoulookforwardto,butdon,tallowyourselftodoituntilafter

exercise.Itcanbesomethingassimpleashavingahotbathorafavoritecupof

coffee.

Chooseexercisethatmakesyoufeelhappyandconfident

Ifyourworkoutisunpleasantormakesyoufeelbadorunhappy,you,reunlikely

tostickwithit.Don,tchooseexerciselikerunningorliftingweightsatthegym

justbecauseyouthinktha