大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷及答案

大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷及答案文件排版存檔編號：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words?PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports?Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions?Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce?Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)?ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre?Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)TheInternationalLaborOrganization'skeyobjective?Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable?Risingunemploymentworldwide?Globaleconomicrecovery?A)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs?Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis?Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis?Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople*slivelihood?Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide?Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.Increaseproteincontentinthefood?Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers?A)Theywillbefined.beclosed?getawarning?beclosed?getawarning?losecustomers?to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.TheywillTheywillQuestions5A)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts?Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness?A)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess?Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards?Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture?A)Itshardworkingemployees?Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.Itsinnovationculture?Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments?SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations?Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions?Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)?ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre?Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard?A)He'sgotaddictedtotechnology.Heisnotverygoodatsocializing?Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging?Hedoesnottalklongonthephone?A)Talkbig.Talkatlength.Gossipalot?Forgetherself?A)Hethoughtitwascool.Heneededthepractice?Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.Hehadanurgentmessagetosend?A)Itposesachallengetoseniors?Itsavesbothtimeandmoney.Itischildishandunprofessiona1.Itiscoolandconvenient?Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard?A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment?

Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager?Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime?Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss?A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim?Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate.Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility?A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse?Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers?Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness?A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting?Waitandseewhathappensnext?Learntosaynowhennecessary.Talktohisbossinpersonfirst?SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages?Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions?Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce?AfteryouSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre?16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard,importanceofsleeptoahealthylife?forAmericansSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre?16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard,importanceofsleeptoahealthylife?forAmericans?declineinsleep?A)TheReasonsD)DiseasesA)TheyD)DiseasesA)TheyTheyareTheygetTheyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.A)Theirweightwillgodown.Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate?Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease?Theirbloodpressurewillrise?Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.A)Thelistofcoursesstudied?Thefullrecordofscores?Thereferencesfromteachers?Thepersonalstatement?A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying?Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject?Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity?Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard?A)Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres?Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer?A)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.Theytooktwopassengersonly.Theyweredifficulttodrive?Theyoftenbrokedown.A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline?Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials?TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars?Theyweremadeforordinaryuse?A)Itmadenewsallovertheworld?ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.Itmarkedanewerainmotortrave1.Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists?PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks?Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage?Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices?Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter?PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre?Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce?Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard?Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere'sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whethetatschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28 ,investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading?Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime?WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU?S?31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground?Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare34tolearning?Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning?Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey'rerunningaround,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。attendanceconsequentlycurrentdepressingdroppingessentialfeasibleflowmoodmutuallyparticularlyperformancereviewsurvivetendSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs?Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived?Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce?Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,TooWhenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfeat—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout—modedstereotype(固定看j去)？Candoingone'shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow?Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed?Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd?Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord?Butanaccumulating;bodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes)?ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities?uWethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,nsaidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity?Areasonable

toavoidnursinghomesandlivingresidentsdidpaintlesslikelytoreporttheotherfacilities,forassumption—don'tfamiliesstrugglesufferrealguiltiftheycan"t?toavoidnursinghomesandlivingresidentsdidpaintlesslikelytoreporttheotherfacilities,forIntheinitialresults,assistedthemostpositivepicture?Theyweresymptomsofdepressionthanthoseininstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared?Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents'responses?Ttisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained?Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant?Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome?Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequa1?Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences?"Youcan，tjustsay,'Let'sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff,”Dr.Robisonsaid?Whatmatters,sheadded,"isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere?”Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore?Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacilitystype,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents?physicalhealthandmentalstatus?Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere?AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittierelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare?Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones?(Moreonthisstudyandthestar:ratingswillappearinasubsequentpost?)Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing?—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician(老年病學(xué)專家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina：Tnaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies?”O(jiān)fcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties?Butperhapstheydon'thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees?"Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy,”Dr.Sloanesaid?Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness?Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents?Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable?Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents?Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant?Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome?Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome?ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace?Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink?Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving?Aresident'ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere?SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)?YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage?AsArtificialIntelligence(Al)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat?Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it'snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAllanguage?Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn^twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren."Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussel1.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues?Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans?Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn，tthinkthatsthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules?Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior?Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless?Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey'veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo(禁忌)?Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟聲)，andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren，tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse?Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules?Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity?Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers?Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage?Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?Theyareaggressive?Theyareoutgoing?Theyareignorant?Theyareill-bred?Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations?Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings?Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior?Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings?Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?keepadistancefrompossibledangers?Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing?Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce?Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?Determinewhatismoralandethica1.Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.Developamoresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage?Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc?Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity(長壽)?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thanotherpeople?Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory：thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes?Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger?Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold?Also,

beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways?Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultpersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets?Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger?isthesubjectpapersuggestsasoutgoingasUnfortunately,ofalongstandingpsychologicalthatifyouwantlonglife,youpossible?anotherrecentstudyshowsthatdebate?Butthenewshould