Unit2Grammar學(xué)案牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

Unit2GrammarLearningaims:1．了解have/hasbeen和have／hasgone的用法2．了解since和for的用法區(qū)別3．了解短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的不同用法以及它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換?！净A(chǔ)知識(shí)】1.have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的區(qū)別：1)Weusehave/hasbeentoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplaceandhasalreadyeback.Itreferstoanexperience.have/hasbeento表示某人曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某個(gè)地方，現(xiàn)在人已經(jīng)離開(kāi)，不在那了也可能已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。Eg.MillieandAmyhavebeentoSouthHill米莉和埃米已去過(guò)南山。have／hasbeento后面跟地點(diǎn)名詞,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)某人的一種經(jīng)歷，可以和表示次數(shù)的狀語(yǔ)連用。Eg.IhavebeentoBeijingonce.我去過(guò)一次北京。HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?你曾去過(guò)美國(guó)嗎？No，never.沒(méi)有，從未去過(guò)。()①Howmanytimes_______you_______toLondonsincelastyear?A.have;gone B.have;beenC.do;go D.did;went()②(2013.隨州)Jack,Ihaven'tseenyouruncleforalongtime.He_______Shanghaionbusinessfortwomonths.A.wentto B.hasgonetoC.hasbeenin D.hasbeento2.)Weusehave/hasgonetoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplacebuthasnotyetreturned.have/hasgoneto表示某人已經(jīng)去了某個(gè)地方，但現(xiàn)在人還沒(méi)有回來(lái)。可能在去的途中，或者到了當(dāng)?shù)?。反正人沒(méi)有回來(lái)。Eg.Mr.GreenhasgonetoLondon.Hewillbebackintwoweeks.格林先生去了倫敦。他將在2周后回來(lái)。have／hasgoneto后面跟地點(diǎn)名詞，當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)用副詞表示時(shí)要省略介詞to。Eg.Whereisyouruncle?你叔叔在哪兒？Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去圖書(shū)館了。Isn'tDanielintheoffice?Daniel不在辦公室嗎？No.Hehasgonetothelaboratory.是的。他去實(shí)驗(yàn)室了。()WhereisMrLi?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellhim.You_______findhim.He_______Japan.A.won't;hasgoneto B.maynot;hasbeentoC.may;hasgoneto D.can't;hasbeento3)Weusehave/hasbeenintoexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttoaplaceandstayedthereforaperiodoftime.辨析：TheyhavebeentoSuzhoubefore.以前去過(guò)蘇州TheyhavegonetoSuzhou.去了蘇州TheyhavebeeninSuzhouforfiveyears.他們?nèi)ヌK州5年了HeknowsmuchaboutSuzhou.(不僅去了蘇州，而且已經(jīng)待了5年還沒(méi)有離開(kāi))

MaryandherfamilyhavebeenintheUSAsincetwoyearsago.瑪麗和她的家人自從2年前就去了美國(guó)。（兩年前就去美國(guó)了，現(xiàn)在還在美國(guó)沒(méi)回來(lái)）【鞏固練習(xí)】選擇have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeenin填空

1.Millieisn’there.She___________thelibrary.

2.PeterandSimon________just________thelibrary.Theyborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.

3.Mycousin__________Xi’antwice

4.Myparents________Xi’anandtheywillstaythereforaweek.

5.Danielwon’tbewithusattheparty.He_________Shanghai.

6.He________Beijingforayear.

2.for和since的區(qū)別:a.for和表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用。eg.forsixhours/ninedays/twoweeks/thirtyyearsWehavelivedinChinaforabouttenyears.我們住在中國(guó)大約有十年了。()Youplaythepianosowell.Howlonghaveyoulearnedit?_______tenyears.A．In B．By C．For D．Sinceb.since和表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用eg._____threemonths______twoweeksago,_______1998,______lastSundaysince可作介詞和連詞用，意為“自…以來(lái)”，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主要有以下三種情況：①since＋過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)HehasbeenillsincelastMonday.他自上周一開(kāi)始就病了。②since＋時(shí)間段＋agoHehaslearnedEnglishsincetenyearsago.他自從十年前就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。③since＋從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）Wehavebeenneigbourssincehewasborn.自他出生起我們就是鄰居。since還可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“自從…..以來(lái)”，這是連詞。eg.自從他出生以來(lái)，他就住在這兒。Hehaslivedheresince.3.短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：1）概念：動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞:表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作如open,close,finish,begin,e,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。2）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征a.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用(since和for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ))。如fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。b.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。Eg：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(誤)rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而ateight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。可改為：Itbegantorain/wasrainingateightyesterdaymorning.(正)3)短暫性動(dòng)詞的用法特征:Ⅰ短暫性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示某一動(dòng)作完成。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火車(chē)到了。Haveyoujoinedtheputergroup?你加入電腦小組了嗎？Ⅱ短暫性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，要轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(否定句除外)。如：他死了三年了。誤：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.他來(lái)這兒五天了。誤：Hehasehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.Ⅲ.短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用?？梢圆捎孟旅娴乃姆N方法：㈠將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞p書(shū)28Eg.e/go/arrive→bein/at，leave→beawayfrom,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,stop/finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,getmarried→bemarried,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold，open/close→beopen/beclosed,turnon/off→beon/off,lose→have／hasbeenlost()①(2013．衡陽(yáng))一Lookatthesestamps.I_______themforfiveyears.Wow,theyarewonderful.A.kept B.havekept C.havebought()②(2013．瀘州)He_______Luzhouforthreemonths.A．hasleft B．hasetoC.hasgoneto D.hasbeenawayfrom㈡將句中表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)eg.Iboughtadresslastweek.㈢用句型"Itis+段時(shí)間+since..."表達(dá)原意，㈣用句型"時(shí)間+haspassed+since..."表達(dá)原意Ⅳ.短暫性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)如：Hehasn’tleftheresince1986.Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.【練習(xí)】一.動(dòng)詞填空1.She__________(be)awayfromhomeforalmostfouryears.2.Thesun__________(rise)intheeast.3.Youlooktired.Stop__________(work)and__________（have）arest,4.I__________(nothear)fromyouforalongtime.5.Mybrother__________(be)toEnglishtwice.6.MrGreen__________(note)backtoChinayet.7.Who__________(teach)youmathlastterm?8.They__________(go)totheshoppingcenteralready.9.Listen,XiaoLi__________(sing)inthenextroom.10.They__________(play)footballwhenIwalkedpast.二.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Howlonghaveyou_______?