專升本英語(閱讀)模擬試卷100(題后含答案及解析)

專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷100(題后含答案及解析)全部題型5.ReadingComprehensionPartIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthisparttherearefourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyanumberofcomprehensionquestions.Readthepassagesandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Then,markyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor.HegaveusanexampleoftheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.“Onemandrawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,andafifthgivesitahead.Justtomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreedifferentoperations.Theworkofmakingpinsisdividedintoabouteighteendifferentoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsaworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,theycertainlycouldnothavemadetwentypinsinadayandnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthis,buthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentanditaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew,itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.1．Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto______.A．takeadvantageofthephysicallaborB．introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglandC．understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD．explainthebadcausesofthedivisionoflabor正確答案：C解析：根據(jù)文章的第一段第一句話：AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor．可知勞動分工的重要性也就是勞動分工對生產(chǎn)效率的作用、影響。所以C為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解2．AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor______.A．enabledeachworkertodesignpinsmorequicklyB．increasedthepossibleoutputperworkerC．increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactoriesD．improvedthequalityofpinsproduced正確答案：B解析：本題考查考生對文章具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握及對全文的概括總結(jié)能力。答案對應(yīng)于文章的第三段，通過數(shù)據(jù)史密斯說明了勞動分工極大地提高了生產(chǎn)效率，增加了產(chǎn)量。只有B項符合文意。知識模塊：閱讀理解3．AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto______.A．showtheadvantagesoftheoldlaborsystemB．stresshowpowerfultheindividualworkerwasC．showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflaborD．stresstheimportanceofincreasedproduction正確答案：C解析：通過上題分析，很容易得出答案。且A、B、D原文都明顯沒有提到。所以C為正確答案。知識模塊：閱讀理解4．Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatthedivisionoflabor______.A．wasanefficientwayoforganizingworkB．wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC．finallyledtoeconomicdevelopmentD．increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods正確答案：C解析：本題考查考生對文章具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握。答案對應(yīng)于文章最后一段第三句話：…buthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment…所以C為正確選項。知識模塊：閱讀理解5．Accordingtothewriter,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Divisionoflaborcanenablefewerpeopletomakemorepins.B．Divisionoflaborhelpspeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.C．Divisionoflaborisbynomeansresponsibleforeconomicgrowth.D．Divisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.正確答案：C解析：本題考查考生對文章具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握。關(guān)鍵在bynomeans(絕不)這個詞組上。從題的分析看，勞動分工本身不能保證經(jīng)濟增長，但不能就因此說勞動分工根本不能促進經(jīng)濟增長。故選C項。知識模塊：閱讀理解Whenwetalkaboutintelligencewedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresoncertainkindsoftestsoreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyinaneworupsettingsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadofhowmuchheknowswhattodo.Forinstance,wheninanewsituation,anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriestofindoutallhecan,andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.Heprobablyisn’tsurehowitwillallworkout,butatleasthetries.And,ifhecan’tmakethingsworkoutright,hedoesn’tfeelashamedthathefailed;hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.Anintelligentperson,evenifheisveryyoung,hasaspecialoutlookonlife,aspecialfeelingaboutlife,andknowshowhefitsintoit.Ifyoulookatchildren,you’llseegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecall“bright”childrenand”not-bright”children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutaboutlifeandhetriestogetintouchwitheverythingaroundhim.But,theunintelligentchildkeepsmoretohimselfandhisowndream-world;heseemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.6．Accordingtothispassage,intelligenceis______.A．theabilitytostudywellB．theabilitytodowellinschoolC．theabilitytodealwithlifeD．theabilitytogethighscoresonsometests正確答案：C解析：從文章的第一段可知智力不是指某人在智力測驗中獲得高分，也不是指在學(xué)校里成績優(yōu)異，而是指人的生活、行為方式，尤其是面對新的環(huán)境或困境時。因此智力是指應(yīng)對生活的能力。知識模塊：閱讀理解7．Inanewsituation,anintelligentperson______.A．knowsmoreaboutwhatmighthappentohimB．issureoftheresulthewillgetC．concentratesonwhattodoaboutthesituationD．caresmoreabouthimself正確答案：C解析：答案在文章的第二段：“…wheninanewsituation，anintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituation，notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim．Hetriestofindoutallhecan，andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit．”因此面對新的局面，智商高的人會想著如何去應(yīng)對。知識模塊：閱讀理解8．Ifanintelligentpersonfailed,hewould______.A．trynottofeelashamedB．learnfromhisexperiencesC．trytoregretasmuchaspossibleD．makesurewhatresulthewouldget正確答案：B解析：答案在文章的第二段：“…ifhecan’tmakethingsworkoutright，hedoesn’tfeelashamedthathefailed；hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes．”因此，如果一個聰明人失敗了，他會從失敗中學(xué)到東西。知識模塊：閱讀理解9．Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren______.A．a(chǎn)retwodifferenttypesofchildrenB．a(chǎn)redifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofclevernessC．havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinkingD．havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld正確答案：A解析：答案在文章的最后一段?！癟heyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople，notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence．”因此聰明和不聰明的孩子實際是兩種不同類型的人。知識模塊：閱讀理解10．Theauthorofthispassagewillprobablycontinuetotalkabout______.A．howtodeterminewhatintelligenceisB．howeducationshouldbefoundC．howtosolvepracticalproblemsD．howanunintelligentpersonshouldbetaught正確答案：D解析：文章前兩段分別談到了聰明人的行為表現(xiàn)，并舉例說明了他們失敗后會怎樣；最后一段談到聰明和不聰明的孩子實際上是兩種不同類型的人，因此可以斷定下面應(yīng)該談如何教育不聰明的孩子了。知識模塊：閱讀理解Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutanovercoat;whenamanagergetsanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarA,theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared;the“l(fā)ife-enriching”level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,thefeeding,comfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled“l(fā)uxury”items.Amongthenarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,andprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.11．Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonlywhen______.A．hehassavedupenoughmoneyB．hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelterC．hehassatisfiedhishungerD．hehaslearnedtobuildhouses正確答案：C解析：本題答案對應(yīng)于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一個人有了吃的就會想到再要件衣服，第三段又說最基本的需求是食物，這個層次的需求得到滿足后人就會考慮服裝和住的地方。綜合判斷，所以選C，即他不再饑餓后就會產(chǎn)生對住處和衣服的需求。知識模塊：閱讀理解12．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarII,mostAmericans______.A．wereveryrichB．livedinpovertyC．hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevelsD．didnotownautomobiles正確答案：D解析：文章第三段中說第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，對于大多數(shù)美國人來說，食品、服裝以及住所的需求都滿足了，然后第三個層次的需求，包括汽車和新房子便出現(xiàn)了。這說明第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時大多數(shù)美國人還沒有汽車。A項“很富有”，意思不明。B項“生活在貧困中”，不符合文意。C項“滿足了前三個層次的需求”，也不正確，因為這時第三個層次的需求才剛剛出現(xiàn)。知識模塊：閱讀理解13．WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto“physicalsatisfaction”?A．Asuccessfulcareer.B．Acomfortablehome.C．Agoodmeal.D．Afamilycar.正確答案：A解析：本題答案對應(yīng)于文章的第四段，第四段第三行說physicalsatisfaction包括食物、舒適、安全感、交通工具，在B、C、D中都有體現(xiàn)。故選A。知識模塊：閱讀理解14．Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?A．Themoregoodsthebetter.B．Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.C．Themore“l(fā)uxury”itemsthebetter.D．Themoreearningsthebetter.正確答案：B解析：本題答案對應(yīng)文章第四段，其中第三句說到：“…thislevelstressesmentalneeds…”，也就是說第四個層次的需求強調(diào)的是精神需求，所以選B。知識模塊：閱讀理解15．Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel______.A．wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevelB．maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfourC．canbethelastandmostsatisfyinglevelD．willbecomeattainablebeforethegovernmenttakesactions正確答案：B解析：本題考查考生對作者意思的整體把握。先看A項“比第四個層次要好一些”，意思含糊。C項“是最終的、最令人滿意的需求層次”，太絕對。D項“在政府采取行動之前就能實現(xiàn)”，不合文意。文章說第五個層次的需求要通過集體行動實現(xiàn)，即人們付錢給政府，讓其對抗疾病、愚昧、犯罪與不公。可見這要在政府采取行動后實現(xiàn)。而B項的意思是“比前四個層次的需求更值得擁有”，這是正確的。知識模塊：閱讀理解Newspapersarenotnearlyaspopulartodayastheywereinthepast.Therearenotverymanypeoplewhoseriouslyreadanewspapereveryday.Mostpeoplereadonlythesportspages,theadviceorgossipcolumns,thecomics,andperhapstheclassifiedadvertisements.Mostpeopledon’ttakethetimetoreadtherealnews.Newspapereditorssaythattheirreadersarelazy.Theysaytheyhavetotrickpeopleintoreadingthenews.Theyattempttocatchthereader’sinterestwithpicturesandexcitingheadlines.Thesetechniquesareusedonthefrontpagebecauseitisthefirstthingyouseewhenyoupickupthepaper.Thefirstpageattractsattentionandencouragesthereadertolookthroughtherestofthepaper.Thisiswhyeditorsalwayslookforagoodfirstpagestoryandheadlinesthatmakeyoustopandlook.Iftheheadlineishorribleenoughorfrighteningenoughorwildenough,perhapsyouwillgoontoreadtherestofthestory.Justthesame,therearealotofpeoplewhodonotevenreadthefrontpageanymore.Theymayreadtheheadlines,butthatisall.Thentheyturntothesportspage,orcomics,oradvertisements.Itseemsthatpeopledonotwantthenewsfromanewspaperanymore.Theysaytheygetthenewsonthetelevisionnow.Morepeoplewatchtelevisionnewsbecauseitiseasierandmoreinterestingthanreadinganewspaper.Whataboutyou?Doyoureadnewsfromanewspaper?Doyouwatchthenewsontelevision?Doyouthinkiteasiertogetthenewsfromtelevision?Doyoulistentotheradio?Ordoyouevencareaboutnewsatall?Wouldyoumindiftherewerenonews?16．Accordingtothewriter,newspapersare______.A．morepopulartodayB．lesspopulartodayC．a(chǎn)spopularasbeforeD．gettingmoreandmorepopular正確答案：B解析：文章首句說到：“Newspapersarenotnearlyaspopulartodayastheywereinthepast．”(今天的報紙不像過去那樣受歡迎了)。因此正確答案為B。知識模塊：閱讀理解17．Editorsthinktheimportantpartofthepaperis______.A．theheadlinesB．thesportspageC．thefrontpageD．theclassifiedadvertisements正確答案：C解析：根據(jù)第一段中第八句：“Thesetechniquesareusedonthefrontpagebecauseitisthefirstthingyouseewhenyoupickupthepaper．”可知，這些技術(shù)(圖片和令人激動的標(biāo)題)一般都用于頭版，因為頭版是讀者最先看到的，因此可吸引讀者繼續(xù)看下去。故選C。知識模塊：閱讀理解18．Accordingtothearticle,mostpeoplereadallofthefollowingexcept______.A．therealnewsB．thesportspageC．comicsD．a(chǎn)dvertisements正確答案：A解析：從第一段第三句：“Mostpeoplereadonlythesportspages，theadviceorgossipcolumns．．．classifiedadvertisement．Mostpeopledon’ttakethetimetoreadtherealnews”可知A正確。知識模塊：閱讀理解19．Todaymorepeoplegetnewsfrom______.A．newspapersB．radioC．televisionD．bothAandB正確答案：C解析：從第一段最后：“Theysaytheygetthenewsonthetelevisionnow．”可知，更多的消息是來自電視。因此選C。知識模塊：閱讀理解20．Theauthor’sattitudetowardnewspaperis______.A．sympatheticB．criticalC．negativeD．undetermined正確答案：A解析：從文章中作者說報紙已不像過去那樣受歡迎了，及所作的描述可知，作者的態(tài)度是同情的。知識模塊：閱讀理解Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheirchildren’slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.Howparentstalktotheirchildrenmakesabigdifferenceinthechildren’slanguagedevelopment.Ifaparentencouragesthechildtoactivelyrespondtowhattheparentisreading,thechild’slanguageskillsincrease.Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedintheexperimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentsweregivenatwo-hourtrainingsessioninwhichtheyweretaughttoaskopen-endedquestionsratherthanyes-or-noquestions.Forexample,theparentshouldask,“Whatisthedoggiedoing?”ratherthan“Isthedoggierunningaway?”Theparentsintheexperimentalgroupwerealsoinstructedinhowtohelpchildrenfindanswers,howtosuggestalternativepossibilitiesandhowtopraisecorrectanswers.Atthebeginningofthestudy,thechildrendidnotdifferinmeasuresoflanguagedevelopment,butattheendofonemonth,thechildrenintheexperimentalgroupshowed5.5monthsaheadofthecontrolgrouponatestofverbalexpressionandvocabulary.Ninemonthslater,thechildrenintheexperimentalgroupstillshowedanadvanceof6monthsoverthechildreninthecontrolgroup.21．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Childrenwhotalkalotaremoreintelligent.B．Parentswholistentotheirchildrencanteachthemmore.C．Activechildrenshouldreadmoreandbegivenmoreattention.D．Verbalabilitycaneasilybedevelopedwithpropermethods.正確答案：D解析：本題答案在第一段：Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques，parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheirchildren’slanguagedevelopment．可知，父母給孩子讀書的時候，通過采用一些簡單的方法可以極大提高孩子的語言能力。因此可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：語言能力可以通過適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄝp松地提高。故選項D正確。知識模塊：閱讀理解22．Whatdoes“it”inline2canmostprobab