Unit12Hasyourschoolgotaswimmingpool？（課件）劍橋少兒英語(yǔ)二級(jí)上冊(cè)

542315423113現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)定義：過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或可能持續(xù)持續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)這么多雪已經(jīng)融化了。Somuchsnowhasalreadymeltedaway.主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞我已經(jīng)愛(ài)上這個(gè)地方。I

havefalleninlovewiththisplace。主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞用has現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式肯定式主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞（done）否定式主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t+過(guò)去分詞（done）一般疑問(wèn)句Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞（done）肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定式，一般疑問(wèn)句，和畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)。TomhasalreadygonetoBeijing.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去。Ihavebeenherefortwoyears.我已經(jīng)在這兒待兩年了。HehastaughtEnglishsincefiveyearsago.他五年前就開(kāi)始教英語(yǔ)了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法2.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。-Howdoyoulikethefilm?-Sorry.Ihaven’tseenthefilm.(我不知道這電影講什么）。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：already、yet、never、ever、just、recently、before、sofar、untilnow、次數(shù)等與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用：

for+一段時(shí)間since+一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)since+一段時(shí)間+agosince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子inthepast+一段時(shí)間現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞1.already與yet

already通常用于肯定句，位于句中或句末；位于句中時(shí)，在助動(dòng)詞之后。Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.

yet通常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，一般位于句末。Hehasn’tgonetoBeijingyet.按要求改寫(xiě)句子。Myclassmateshavealreadyplantedalotoftrees.(改為否定句）Myclassmates___________________alotoftrees_________.haven’tplantedyet現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞since+2.for與sincefor+一段時(shí)間一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)一段時(shí)間+ago一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子選for或since填空。Lindahaspractisedplayingthepiano__________tenyears.Theyhavebeenawayfromthistown__________alongtime.Wehavebeenhere________tenyearsago.IhavelearntEnglish______Icametothisschool.forforsincesince注意：對(duì)“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子”提問(wèn)時(shí)，用特殊疑問(wèn)詞howlong“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞3.

never(從不）

與ever（曾經(jīng)）never用于句中，助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，表示否定意義。ever用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中，在句中位于助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)嗎？Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.我以前從沒(méi)去過(guò)。finishedfinishhasfinishedHe…h(huán)ishomework.havefinishedPRESENTPERFECT–notimereference(theresultismoreimportant)gonegowentWe…toaconcertlastweek.havegonePASTSIMPLE–signalword“l(fā)ast…”(ittellsuswhenithappened)hasseenhaveseensawI…Lindaatthecinemayesterday.seenPASTSIMPLE–signalword“yesterday”(ittellsuswhenithappened)has…eathas…eatshas…eatenShe…already…breakfast.has…atePRESENTPERFECT–signalword“already”(forarecentlyfinishedaction)hasleavehasleftleftBob…fiveminutesago.leavePASTSIMPLE–signalword“…ago”(itisafinishedpastaction)Did/arrivedDid/arriveHave/arrived…MikeandSam…fromschoolyet?Has/arrivedPRESENTPERFECT–signalword“yet”

(weexpectsomethingtohappensoon)werehavewashavebeenI…onholidayssinceFriday.wasPRESENTPERFECT–signalword“since”

(foranunfinishedpastaction)have…spokenspeakhas…spokenMyteacher…just…withmyparents.spokePRESENTPERFECT–signalword“just”(forarecentevent)hasn’tgetuphaven’tgetupdidn’tgetupHe…earlythismorning.didn’tgotupPASTSIMPLE–

“thismorning”isacompletedpastperiod(it’sprobablyaftermiddaynow)has…boughthave…boughtdid…buyWhen…she…anewcar?did…boughtPASTSIMPLE–wewanttoknowwhensomethinghappenedHas…h(huán)adDid…h(huán)aveHave…h(huán)ad…youever…acaraccident?Did…h(huán)adPRESENTPERFECT–signalword“ever”(forpastexperiences)havemethavemeetmetI…mywifein2010.meetPAST