新編跨文化英語交際Unit4-01LanguageandCulture省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課

Unit4-01LanguageandCulture1/58WarmUp1.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.2.Thesumofhumanwisdomisnotcontainedinanyonelanguage,andnosinglelanguageiscapableofexpressingallformsanddegreesofhumancomprehension.3.Languagemostshowsaman.Speak,thatImayseethee.2024/4/132Unit4-012/581.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.Languageisthecommunicationofmeaningbetweenanythinginanyway.Soforthattobenarrowedorlimitedistoalsolimityourunderstandingoftheworldaroundyou.basicallykeepanopenmind.我語言局限意味著我世界/天地局限.語言限制就是我世界里限制.2024/4/133Unit4-013/581.Thelimitsofmylanguagearethelimitsofmyworld.我語言局限意味著我世界/天地局限.語言限制就是我世界里限制.2024/4/134Unit4-014/582.Thesumofhumanwisdomisnotcontainedinanyonelanguage,andnosinglelanguageiscapableofexpressingallformsanddegreesofhumancomprehension.EzraPound(1885-1972)任何一個語言都無法包含人類智慧結(jié)晶總和,任何單一語言都無法表示人認知全部形式和程度.-----龐德,詩人(1885年至1972年)2024/4/135Unit4-015/583.Languagemostshowsaman.Speak,thatImayseethee.語言最能顯示一個人，說話吧，讓我看看你真面目.語言最能表現(xiàn)一個人。一開口說話，就能夠看出來。意思是一個人所講話能夠反應(yīng)出他品格。這很好了解，像有人說話尖刻不饒人，那他就是毒舌派，假如有人講話喋喋不休，那他就是長舌婦。。。總之，聽他人說話，能夠幫助你判斷他可信可敬程度。2024/4/136Unit4-016/58WarmUp(P118.)1.[Inaphysicsclass]Professor:Whatismatter?Student:Nevermind.Professor:Thenwhatismind?Student:Itdoesn’tmatter.2024/4/137Unit4-017/58WarmUp2.A:Iamsorry.Foreigner:Iamsorry,too.A:Iamsorrythree.Foreigner:Whatareyousorryfor(four)?A:Iamsorryfive.2024/4/138Unit4-018/58WarmUp2.A.Whycouldn’tCinderellabeagoodsoccerplayer?B.Shelosthershoe,sheranawayfromtheball,andhercoachwasapumpkin.2024/4/139Unit4-019/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCultureHowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguages?HelloGutenTag,Bonjour,orOhioGozayimasuおはようございます

2024/4/1310Unit4-0110/58HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguagesChinese:你好,您好(formal)Hello–EnglishGutenTag–GermanBonjour–FrenchHola–SpanishOhio–Japaneseおはよう

Gozayimasu-Japaneseおはようございます

2024/4/1311Unit4-0111/58HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguagesJapanese:おはようございます

(ohayōgozaimásu=goodmorning,polite),こんにちは

(kónnichiwa=goodday),こんばんは

(kómbanwa=goodevening),おはよう

(ohayō=helloKorean:?????

(annyeonghaseyo,formal),??

(annyeong,informal)

Russian:привет(privét,informal),здравствуйте(zdrávstvujte,formal),добрыйдень(dóbryjden’)2024/4/1312Unit4-0112/58HowtoSay“Hello”inDifferentLanguages

English:goodbyeItalian:ciaobellaFrench:aurevoirSpanish:adiosRussian:Довиждане(dasvidania)German:aufwiedersenJapanese:さよなら

(Sayonara)Korean:??????

(Annyeonghigyeseyo)2024/4/1313Unit4-0113/58

Saying“thankyou”English:ThankYouGerman:Danke(sch?n)-(dahn-kuh(shurn)Spanish:GraciasJapanese:ありがとうございます

arigatogozaimasu[pronounced:A-rii-gah-to'goh-zae-mas](formal)Korean:?????Gomapsupnida(formal)[pronounced:go-mahp-soop-nee-dah]Korean:????/?????KomapsumnidaRussian:Спасибо(soundslikespa-see-ba)2024/4/1314Unit4-0114/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture1.Whatcanwedotoavoidattributingaverydifferentmeaningtoaphraseorinterpretitliterally?2.Whataretheotherfunctionsofusingquestionformsapartfromaskingforinformation?3.WhyarethoseGermansgettingstifferandmorereservedallthetimewhenvisitingIngridZerbe?2024/4/1315Unit4-0115/584.Whatistherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandlanguage?5.Doestheauthorthinkthereareexactequivalentsindictionariesthathavethesamemeaningsindifferentcultures?6.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?2024/4/1316Unit4-0116/587.DoestheauthorthinkitpossibleforcountriessuchasFranceandIcelandtokeeptheirlanguagespurebyimplementinglanguagepolicies?8.Whatarethepossiblelanguagebarriersinclassroomteaching?2024/4/1317Unit4-0117/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture1.Whatcanwedotoavoidattributingaverydifferentmeaningtoaphraseorinterpretitliterally?Wehavetobeawareoftheculturalimplicationsofthephrase.2024/4/1318Unit4-0118/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture2.Whataretheotherfunctionsofusingquestionformsapartfromaskingforinformation?Itservesasalubricanttomovetheconversationforward.Suchaquestioncanbecalleda"socialquestion".2024/4/1319Unit4-0119/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture3.WhyarethoseGermansgettingStifferandmorereservedallthetimewhenvisitingIngridZerbe?Theyareconfusedabouthowtoaddressher,forsheintroducesherselfbyherfirstandlastnameratherthanbyherlastnameandprofessionaltitle.2024/4/1320Unit4-0120/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandlanguage?Languagereflectstheenvironmentinwhichwelive.Weuselanguagetolabelthethingsthatarearoundus.2024/4/1321Unit4-0121/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture5.Doestheauthorthinkthereareexactequivalentsindictionariesthathavethesamemeaningsindifferentcultures?No.Accordingtotheauthor,therearenosuchequivalentsbetweenlanguages;therefore,tocommunicateconceptseffectively,culturalknowledgeisasimportantaslinguisticknowledge.2024/4/1322Unit4-0122/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture6.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?Wordsandphrasesthatareusedcommonlyatonetimemaybediscontinuedortheirmeaningmaychangeovertime.2024/4/1323Unit4-0123/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture7.DoestheauthorthinkitpossibleforcountriessuchasFranceandIcelandtokeeptheirlanguagespurebyimplementinglanguagepolicies?Theauthordoesnotthinkso,because,forinstance,theAcademieFrancaisemayinsistoncertainrules,butotherFrench-speakinggroupsmaymaketheirownrulesandconsidertheirFrenchjustascorrect.2024/4/1324Unit4-0124/58ReadingIHowIsLanguageRelatedtoCulture8.Whatarethepossiblelanguagebarriersinclassroomteaching?Insomecasestheprofessorsmayhaveapoorcommandofthelanguage;however,inmostcasestheproblemisnotthelanguagebutdifferentintonationpatternsanddifferentculturalsignals.2024/4/1325Unit4-0125/58

Fill-inTaskTrytousetheappropriatecolortermgivenbelowtofillineachoftheblanksinthefollowingsentences.ManyofthesetermsmaybeusedmorethanOnce.

blackbluebrowngreenredwhiteyellow2024/4/1326Unit4-0126/58Fill-inTask1)He'sjusta________recruitfreshfromcollege.2)Itriedtocallhermanytimesbutshewasina_______studyanddidn'thearme.3)Oneday,outofthe_______,agirlrangupandsaidshewasmysister.4)Thenewofficeblockhasunfortunatelybecomeanexpensive_______elephant.5)Marywasalwaysregardedasthe_______sheepofthefamily.greenbrownbluewhiteblack2024/4/1327Unit4-0127/58Fill-inTask6)You'dbetterdosomethingtoproveyou'renot_______.7)Canyouseethe_______inhereyes?8)Themerethoughtofherhusbandwiththesecretarymadehersee______.9)Igotsome_________looksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder,10)WhenI'mfeeling______,allIhavetodoistakealookatyou,andthenI'mnotso______.redgreenredblackblueblack2024/4/1328Unit4-0128/58Fill-inTask11)Don'ttellmeany______lietomakemefeelgood.12)Itmaycostoveraweektogothroughallthe________tapetogetthepermission.13)Histypeofhumorisabittoo________formytastes.14)Areyouallright?--Youlookabsolutely_______.15)Hebasedhisjudgmentonheadlinesand________journalism.whiteredblackblueyellow2024/4/1329Unit4-0129/58

GroupWorkFirstreadthefollowingAgroupofAmericanstudentswereaskedtowritedowntheirperceptionsofdifferentcolors.Followingarethemeaningstheyattachedtothecolors:Black--death,evil,mourning,sexyBlue--cold,masculine,sad,sky2024/4/1330Unit4-0130/58Fill-inTaskGreen--envy,greed,moneyPink--feminine,shy,softness,sweetRed--anger,hot,love,sexWhite--good,innocent,peaceful,pureYellow--caution,happy,sunshine,warm2024/4/1331Unit4-0131/58Studentsfromdifferentculturalbackgroundswouldassignatotallydifferentsetofmeaningstoeachcolor.Forinstance,totheJapaneseandKoreansredrepresentsacoloroflongevity,splendor,andwealth;greenisaholycolortoMoslems;andyellowisanoblecolorforIndians.2024/4/1332Unit4-0132/58ThecolorblackisverymuchwelcomeintheCaribbean(加勒比海(地域))andAfrica,and,inmanyAfricantongues,thewordblackhasconnotationsofstrength,certainty,integrity(健全，正直),whilewhiteisassociatedwithpaleness,anemia(乏力，無生氣),unnaturalness,deviousness(偏離正道，不光明正大),untrustworthiness.WhiteisaweddingcolorintheUnitedStates,butafuneralcolorinIndia;bycontrast,redisaweddingcolorinpartsofIndia,butsuggestssexualimpurity(i.e.a"scarlet(猩紅色，淫蕩)woman")inaU.S.wedding.2024/4/1333Unit4-0133/58Forexample,inChinesewehavemanykinshipterms,someofwhichseemtohavenoequivalentsinEnglish.ConsiderthefollowingChineseterms:叔叔伯伯舅舅姨夫姑父阿姨姑姑舅母姨媽嬸嬸小姨子小叔子小舅子大嫂妹夫婆婆公公岳母岳父表兄(弟)堂兄(弟)表姐(妹)堂姐(妹)連襟妯娌2024/4/1334Unit4-0134/58Considertheword"dog"inEnglishand狗inChinese.

ThefollowingaremoreexamplesinEnglishandChineseforyoutodiscuss:1.watchdog2.Loveme,lovemydog.3.Everydoghashisday4.Beasfaithfulasadog5.Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.6.Iamtoooldadogtolearnnewtricks.2024/4/1335Unit4-0135/587.Becarefulofwhatyousaytohimbecausehe'stopdogintheoffice.8.Anoldmancametothedoorandaskedformoneyforacupofteayesterday.Myaunt,alwayshappytohelpalamedogoverastile,invitedhiminforameal.2024/4/1336Unit4-0136/58Considertheword"dog"inEnglishand狗inChinese.狗膽包天狗急跳墻狼心狗肺狗仗人勢狗皮膏藥狗頭軍師狗血噴頭狗尾續(xù)貂狗咬狗狗腿子放狗屁狗崽子痛打落水狗狗拿耗子，多管閑事狗嘴里吐不出象牙2024/4/1337Unit4-0137/58Questions:1.WhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishincategorizingkinfolk?2.Whatotherexamplesofconnotativedifferencescanyougivebetweenthetwolanguages?2024/4/1338Unit4-0138/58ReadingII1.Whatistheauthor'sviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?2.Inwhichwaysdoeslanguagereflecttheculture?3.Howcanweusetherightlanguageintherightwayaccordingtotheauthor?.4.Isthereanyculturalproductthatconsistsentirelyoflanguage?Canyougiveanexample?2024/4/1339Unit4-0139/58ReadingII5.Whatisthemeaningof"languageisaculturalproductinandofitself"?6.Canyougiveanexampleofhowwordsleadtoculturalperspectives?7.WhatdidtheChineseteacherfindfromherin-depthstudyof"thebumpersticker"?8.Arethereanyparticularnormsmadebydifferentcommunitiesfortheirlanguageuse?2024/4/1340Unit4-0140/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin

1.Whatistheauthor'sviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture?Languageandculturearefused;onereflectstheother.

2024/4/1341Unit4-0141/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin2.Inwhichwaysdoeslanguagereflectculture?Languageembodiestheproducts,perspectives,communities,andpersonsofaculture.Membersoftheculturehavecreatedthelanguagetocarryoutalltheirculturalpractices,toidentifyandorganizealltheirculturalproducts,andtonametheunderlyingculturalperspectivesinthevariouscommunitiesthatcomprisetheirculture.2024/4/1342Unit4-0142/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin3.Howcanweusetherightlanguageintherightwayaccordingtotheauthor?Itisbasedondirectexperienceinthecultureandinteractionswithmembersoftheculture,inallthecomplexitythisentails.2024/4/1343Unit4-0143/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin4.Isthereanyculturalproductthatconsistsentirelyoflanguage?Canyougiveanexample?Many'culturalproducts,suchasliterature,taxcodes,telephonedirectories,operatinginstructions,passports,consistentirelyoflanguage.Anotherexampleisfolklores.2024/4/1344Unit4-0144/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin5.Whatisthemeaningof,'languageisaculturalproductinandofitself"?Whenspokenorwritten,languagetakesontangibleandperceptibleforms.Thesetangibleforms,aswithanyculturalproduct,canbedescribedthroughlanguage.Weconstantlyuselanguagetodiscusslanguageitself.2024/4/1345Unit4-0145/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin6.Canyougiveanexampleofhowwordsleadtoculturalperspectives?Forexample,thekinshiptermsusedinChineseleadtoaculturalperspectivethatisdifferentfromthatoftheEnglish-speakingpeople.2024/4/1346Unit4-0146/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin7.WhatdidtheChineseteacherfindfromherin-depthstudyof"thebumpersticker"?Theperspectivesareindeedembodiedinwords,phrases,andsentences,buttheyarenotalwaysimmediatelyobvious,especiallytooutsiders.2024/4/1347Unit4-0147/58Language-and-Culture,TwoSidesoftheSameCoin8.Arethereanyparticularnormsmadebydifferentcommunitiesfortheirlanguageuse?Yes,thereare.Communitiesdefinenormsforappropriateuseoflanguage.Withingroups,roles,relationships,andothersocialfactorsinfluencewhospeaks,whattheysay,andhowtheysayit.Thelanguageformsweuseinonesetofsocialcircumstanceswithcertaincommunitiesarenotnecessarilytheonesweuseinothers.2024/4/1348Unit4-0148/58HowtoSayYesandNoTranslatethefollowing:1)Doyoulikethenewschool?--Yes,Ido2)–Pleasedon’tsaythat--Yes,Iwill3)—Iknowwhathewants--Yes?--Money!2024/4/1349Unit4-0149/584)–Waiter!--Yes,sir5)—Yes?--I’dliketwotickets,please6)–Everythingwillbeallrightsoon,yes?2DifferentwaystosayYes2024/4/1350Unit4-0150/58Howtorefuseothers?1)Beingsilentorshowingalackofenthusiasm2)Offeringanalternative3)Postponement(delayinganswers)4)Puttingtheresponsibilityonathirdpartyorsomethingoverwhichyouhavenocontrol2024/4/1351Unit4-0151/585)Avoidance6)Generalacceptanceofanofferbutgivingnodetails7)Divertinganddistracting2JapanesewaytosayNo2024/4/1352Unit4-0152/58

我們說語言總是含糊，指是我們永遠無法控制我們所說所寫東西所表示意思。我們經(jīng)過說話和寫作所傳達意思不但僅由詞語和句子本身決定，聽眾和讀者了解也起到了一定作用。換言之，是交際雙方共同創(chuàng)造了語言所表示意思。語言含糊性是與生俱來。為了溝通，我們必須自己推斷出對方意思，除此之外別無他法。在了解他人說話時，我們必須推測這些話意思。這些推測主要基于以下兩個起源：(1)他們所使用語言；(2)我們世界知識。這種知識包含能夠預(yù)知在某種特定語境下人們通常會說些什么。語言是含糊。這意味著不論是讀或?qū)?，我們永遠無法完全地領(lǐng)會他人意思。換言之，語言永遠無法完全地表示我們意思。然而，這對跨文化交際意味著什么呢?

首先必須明白，假如交際參加者擁有更多共同預(yù)期和世界知識，交際便會有比很好效果。相同歷史、背景和經(jīng)歷使得人們之間交際較為輕易，因為任何一方對另一方意思推測都基于共同經(jīng)驗和知識。在推測話意方面，來自同一個村子、同一個家庭兩個人要比來自地球不一樣半球不一樣城市兩個人少犯錯誤。2024/4/1353Unit4-0153/58Case13Thisexamplevividlyillustratesthatfailuresininterculturaltranslationmayleadtoseriousconsequence,orevendisasterstohumanbeings.Definitely,translationisnotsuchasimpleprocessasrenderingaword,asentenceoratextliterally,butratherafarmorecomplexonethanmostpeopleassume.Forexample,onceaChinesecosmeticmanufacturerwantedtopromotetheirproductsintotheinternationalmarket.Thesloganoftheadvertisementwas:"sweetasJade",asinChinese"jade"wasalwaysusedtocomplimentawoman'sbeauty;butunfortunately,itwasnotanappropriatewordtodescribethebeautyoraladyinWesterncultures.InEnglish,"jade"whenreferringtoawomanhastheconnotationsofbeingvulgar,rude,orimmoral.Undoubtedly,thesaleswerenotsatisfying.Theseemingequivalentsbetweenlanguagesmayhaveverydifferentconnotationsindifferentcultures,thusthetranslatorshouldbecautiousintheprocessoftranslationsoastoavoidmisunderstandings.2024/4/1354Unit4-0154/58Case14"楊"referstoYangKaihuiwhowasMaoZedong'sdeceasedwife,and"柳"referstoLiuZhixunwhowasLiShuyi'sdeceasedhusband.Theycanbetranslatedindifferentways,butitseemstobeverydifficult,ifnotimpossible,toachieveequivalenceintranslatingfromChineseintoEnglish.Adoptingtheliteraltranslationstrategy,version1appearstobefaithfultotheoriginalbutmay