新編跨文化英語交際Unit1introductionI-908省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎PP

InterculturalCommunicationinEnglish《新編跨文化交際英語教程》適用專業(yè)：英語教育專業(yè)、商務(wù)英語專業(yè)

主講教師:陳冬青don123@126.com138271531232024/4/131跨文化交際英語Unit11/56UnitOne:CommunicationAcrossCulturesUnitOneIntroduction2/56Goals:introductionTounderstandthedefinitionofglobalizationanditsorigin,modernconceptaswellascontributingelements.Tounderstandthetrendofculturemergeandtherealityofculturediversity.Tounderstandthedisadvantagesofculturediversityandstrategiesforovercomingthem.2024/4/133跨文化交際英語Unit13/56WarmUp(P118.)1.[Inaphysicsclass]Professor:Whatismatter?Student:Nevermind.Professor:Thenwhatismind?Student:Itdoesn’tmatter.2024/4/134跨文化交際英語Unit14/56WarmUp2.A:Iamsorry.Foreigner:Iamsorry,too.A:Iamsorrythree.Foreigner:Whatareyousorryfor(four)?A:Iamsorryfive.2024/4/135跨文化交際英語Unit15/56WarmupOnceaChinesescholarstudyingintheUnitedStateswasaskedastowhathedidtheweekendbefore.Heansweredwithouthesitation“Iplayed.”WhatdoyouthinkAmericanswouldfeelwhentheyheardamiddleagedscholarusingawordusuallyforchildrenonlytodescribehimself?2024/4/136跨文化交際英語Unit16/56WarmupManyyearsago,aChinesemanshowedaphotoofhiswifetosomeAmericanvisitors.Outofcourtesy,theyallsaid,“Sheisverybeautiful.”AlsoOutofcourtesy,themanrepliedwithwhathewouldhavedoneinChineseunderthecircumstance,“Where!Where!”Quitetakenaback,nobodysaidanythingforamoment,untilthemostingeniousoneamongthevisitors,takinganotherlookatthephoto,said,“Oh,everywhere!”2024/4/137跨文化交際英語Unit17/56Question:WhatdidtheChineseintendtomeanbyreplyingwith“Where!Where!”?HowdidtheAmericansunderstandthereply?WhatwouldaWesternersaytorespondtoasimilarcompliment?2024/4/138跨文化交際英語Unit18/56Question：1.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintoablindpersonwhatcolorsare?2.Doyousometimesfindithardtomakeyourselfproperlyunderstoodbyothers?Ifyoudo,whydoyouthinkitishard?2024/4/139跨文化交際英語Unit19/56

Itisverydifficultforpeopletounderstandoneanotheriftheydonotsharethesameexperiences.Itisthesedifferentexperiencesthatmakeupwhatiscalled"culture"inthesocialsciences--thehabitsofeverydaylife,thecuestowhichpeoplerespond,theautomaticreactionstheyhavetowhatevertheyseeandhear.Theseoftendiffer,andthedifferencesmaycausemisunderstandingswhereweseekunderstanding.2024/4/1310跨文化交際英語Unit110/56InterculturalCommunication:AnIntroduction1.Isitstilloftenthecasethat"everyone'squicktoblamethealien"inthecontemporaryworld?

Thisisstillpowerfulelementintoday'ssocialandpoliticalrhetoric.Forinstance,itisnotuncommonintoday'ssocietytohearpeoplesaythatmost,ifnotall,ofthesocialandeconomicproblemsarecausedbyminoritiesandimmigrants.2024/4/1311跨文化交際英語Unit111/56AnIntroduction2.What'sthedifferencebetweentoday'sinterculturalcontactandthatofanytimeinthepast?

Today'sinterculturalencountersarefarmorenumerousandofgreaterimportancethaninanytimeinhistory.2024/4/1312跨文化交際英語Unit112/56AnIntroduction3.Whathavemadeinterculturalcontactaverycommonphenomenoninourlifetoday?

Newtechnology,intheformoftransportationandcommunicationsystems,hasacceleratedinterculturalcontact;innovativecommunicationsystemshaveencouragedandfacilitatedculturalinteraction;globalizationoftheeconomyhasbroughtpeopletogether;changesinimmigrationpatternshavealsocontributedtointerculturalencounter.2024/4/1313跨文化交際英語Unit113/56AnIntroduction4.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence"cultureiseverythingandeverywhere"?

Culturesuppliesuswiththeanswerstoquestionsaboutwhattheworldlookslikeandhowweliveandcommunicatewithinthatworld.Cultureteachesushowtobehaveinourlifefromtheinstantofbirth.Itisomnipresent.2024/4/1314跨文化交際英語Unit114/56AnIntroduction5.Whatarethemajorelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceourperceptionandcommunication?

Thethreemajorsocio-culturalelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceperceptionandcommunicationareculturalvalues,worldview(religion),andsocialorganizations(familyandstate).2024/4/1315跨文化交際英語Unit115/56AnIntroduction6.Whatdoesone'sfamilyteachhimorherwhileheorshegrowsupinit?

Thefamilyteachesthechildwhattheworldlookslikeandhisorherplaceinthatworld.2024/4/1316跨文化交際英語Unit116/56AnIntroduction7.Whyisitimpossibletoseparateouruseoflanguagefromourculture?

Becauselanguageisnotonlyaformofpreservingculturebutalsoameansofsharingculture.Languageisanorganized,generallyagreed-upon,learnedsymbolsystemthatisusedtorepresenttheexperienceswithinaculturalcommunity.2024/4/1317跨文化交際英語Unit117/56AnIntroduction8.Whatarethenonverbalbehaviorsthatpeoplecanattachmeaningto?

Peoplecanattachmeaningtononverbalbehaviorssuchasgestures,postures,facialexpressions,eyecontactandgaze,touch,etc.2024/4/1318跨文化交際英語Unit118/56AnIntroduction9.Howcanafree,culturallydiversesocietyexist?

Afree,culturallydiversesocietycanexistonlyifdiversityispermittedtoflourishwithoutprejudiceanddiscrimination,bothofwhichharmallmembersofthesociety.2024/4/1319跨文化交際英語Unit119/56TheChallengeofGlobalization1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatourunderstandingoftheworldhaschanged?

Inthepastmostpeoplewereborn,lived,anddiedwithinalimitedgeographicalarea,neverencounteringpeopleofotherculturalbackgrounds.Suchanexistence,however,nolongerprevailsintheworld.Withtheadvancementofscienceandtechnology,allpeoplearefacedwiththechallengeofunderstandingthisfastchangingworldinwhichwelive.2024/4/1320跨文化交際英語Unit120/56TheChallengeofGlobalization2.Whatisa"globalvillage"like?

Asourworldshrinksanditsinhabitantsbecomeinterdependent,peoplefromremoteculturesincreasinglycomeintocontactonadailybasis.Ina"globalvillage",membersofonceisolatedgroupsofpeoplehavetocommunicatewithmembersofotherculturalgroups.Thesepeoplemaylivethousandsofmilesawayorrightnextdoortoeachother.2024/4/1321跨文化交際英語Unit121/56TheChallengeofGlobalization3.Whatisconsideredasthemajordrivingforceofthepost-1945globalization?

Technology,particularlytelecommunicationsandcomputersareconsideredtobethemajordrivingforce.2024/4/1322跨文化交際英語Unit122/56TheChallengeofGlobalization4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthat"the'global'maybemorelocalthanthe'local'"?

Theincreasingglobalmobilityofpeopleandtheimpactofnewelectronicmediaonhumancommunicationsmaketheworldseemsmaller.Wemaycommunicatemorewithpeopleofothercountriesthanwithourneighbors,andwemaybemoreinformedoftheinternationaleventsthanofthelocalevents.Inthissense,"the'global'maybemorelocalthanthe'local'".2024/4/1323跨文化交際英語Unit123/56TheChallengeofGlobalization5.Whyisitimportantforbusinesspeopletoknowdiverseculturesintheworld?

Effectivecommunicationmaybethemostimportantcompetitiveadvantagethatfirmshavetomeetdiversecustomerneedsonaglobalbasis.Succeedingintheglobalmarkettodayrequirestheabilitytocommunicatesensitivelywithpeoplefromothercultures,asensitivitythatisbasedonanunderstandingofcross-culturaldifferences.2024/4/1324跨文化交際英語Unit124/56TheChallengeofGlobalization6.Whataretheseriousproblemsthatcountriesthroughouttheworldareconfrontedwith?

Countriesthroughouttheworldareconfrontedwithseriousproblemssuchasvolatileinternationaleconomy,shrinkingresources,mountingenvironmentalcontamination,andepidemicsthatknownoboundaries.2024/4/1325跨文化交際英語Unit125/56TheChallengeofGlobalization7.WhatimplicationscanwedrawfromthecaseofMichaelFay?

Thiscaseshowsthatinaworldofinternationalinterdependence,theabilitytounderstandandcommunicateeffectivelywithpeoplefromotherculturestakesonextremeurgency.Ifweareunawareofthesignificantrolecultureplaysincommunication,wemayplacetheblameforcommunicationfailureonpeopleofothercultures.2024/4/1326跨文化交際英語Unit126/56TheChallengeofGlobalization8.Whatattitudesarefavoredbytheauthortowardsglobalization?

Globalization,forbetterorforworse,haschangedtheworldgreatly.Whetherwelikeitornot,globalizationisallbutunstoppable.Itisalreadyheretostay.Itisbothafactandanopportunity.Thechallengesarenotinsurmountable.Solutionsexist,andarewaitingtobeidentifiedandimplemented.Fromaglobalisticpointofview,thereishopeandfaithinhumanity.2024/4/1327跨文化交際英語Unit127/561.

Defineglobalizationfromdifferentstandpoints.2.Historicaloriginofglobalization

3.Modernconceptofglobalization4.Elementscontributingtotheglobalization5.Culturediversity

6.Disadvantagesofculturediversity

7.Thedefinitionofandneedforinterculturalcommunication

8.Keystrategiesforeffectiveinterculturalcommunicationintroduction2024/4/1328跨文化交際英語Unit128/56DefineglobalizationfromdifferentstandpointsFromeconomicstandpointViewedpurelyfromaneconomicstandpoint,globalizationisconsideredasaprocessofincreasinginvolvementininternationalbusinessoperationsFromsociologicalviewofglobalizationGlobalizationoccurswhentheconstraintsofgeographyonsocialandculturalarrangementsrecedeaspeoplearoundtheworldbecomeincreasinglyawarethattheyarereceding.FromMarxistphilosophyBasedonMarxistphilosophy,globalizationiswhatpeopleintheThirdWorldhavealreadyexperiencedforseveralcenturies—colonization.introduction2024/4/1329跨文化交際英語Unit129/562.Historicaloriginofglobalization

BarbersystemFarmingcommunitiestradedtheirsurplusproduceinexchangeforproductsandserviceswithoutthemediumofmoney.InternationaltradeHumansocietyhasalwaystradedgoodsacrossgreatdistances.EnglishphilosopherJeremyBentham,coinedtheterm"International"todescribetheemergingrealityofhisday,namely,theriseofnationstatesandthecross-bordertransactionstakingplacebetweenthem.introduction2024/4/1330跨文化交際英語Unit130/563.ModernconceptofglobalizationTheoryofmodernizationEconomicgrowththeoryofindustrializationGlobalvillage

introduction2024/4/1331跨文化交際英語Unit131/56Theoryofmodernization

GlobalizationhasmanyfeaturesincommonwiththeTheoryofModernization.Increasingindustrializationbroughtintoexistenceawholenewsetofcontactsbetweensocietiesthatchangedthepolitical,economic,andsocialprocessesthatcharacterizedthepre-industrializedworld.Thus,modernizationisapartofglobalization.introduction2024/4/1332跨文化交際英語Unit132/56introduction2024/4/1333跨文化交際英語Unit133/56Economicgrowththeoryofindustrialization

Theory,advocatedthateconomicgrowthfollowedapatterninalleconomiesastheywentthroughindustrialization.Thatistoadoptthefreemarketeconomy,undergodifferentstagesofeconomicdevelopment,andfinallyreachthedevelopeconomy.introduction2024/4/1334跨文化交際英語Unit134/56Globalvillage

McLuhancharacterizedtoday'sworldasa"globalvillage"becauseoftherapidexpansionofworldwidetransportationandcommunicationnetworks.Theessenceisthetimeandspacecompression.introduction2024/4/1335跨文化交際英語Unit135/564.Elementscontributingtotheglobalization

Newtechnology

Openmarket

Overseasjobopportunities

introduction2024/4/1336跨文化交際英語Unit136/56Newtechnology

Computers,Internet,planeintroduction2024/4/1337跨文化交際英語Unit137/56Openmarket

Companiesbenefitfromlargeeconomiesofscale.Productivitywillbeboosted.Livingstandardshavethepotentialtorise.introduction2024/4/1338跨文化交際英語Unit138/56Overseasjobopportunities

Whatisirrefutableisthattheworldeconomicpieisindeedbiggerbecauseofglobalization—anditisbeingsliceddifferentlythanbefore.introduction2024/4/1339跨文化交際英語Unit139/565.Culturediversity

MacrocultureMicroculture

Melting-potDiversityAstraditionalbarriersamongpeopleofdifferentculturesbreakdown,oneculturewillemerge,anewculturetowhichallpeoplewilladhere.Thetermmacrocultureimplieslosingethnicdifferencesandformingonelargesociety.

Cultureswithincultures(microcultures).Meltingpotmeansasocioculturalassimilationofpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandnationalities.

Diversity（多樣性）

referstothemixofpeoplefromvariousbackgroundsinthelaborforce.Worldculture

introduction2024/4/1340跨文化交際英語Unit140/56AttitudinalproblemsProblemsmaybeattitudinal.Forexample,theattitudesthatAmericanmanagershave,whentheyperceiveaproblem,isdifferentfromthoseofChinesemanagers.ToAmericans:lifeisasetofproblemstobesolved—sotheyperceiveproblemsmuchearlier.ToChinese:lifeisasetofsituationstobeaccepted—soproblemexistswhenithasalreadyhappened.PerceptualproblemsCulturaldiversitywithinanorganization,withoutanystrategiesorattitudestoaccommodateit,maycreateperceptual(stereotyping（文化定勢）,status-relatedproblems,genderroleconflicts)andcommunicative(languageandmisinterpretation)problems.6Disadvantagesofculturediversityintroduction2024/4/1341跨文化交際英語Unit141/56Interculturalcommunicationreferstocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.Interculturalbusinesscommunicationallowsustoworkontheproceduralissuesofcountry-to-countrycontacts,diplomacy,andlegalcontexts;itallowsustobecomeinvolvedwiththesubstantive,culturallevelandhelpssensitizeustodifferences.Wemustlearntoworkwitheachother.Thefutureofanyorganizationdependsonit.7.Thedefinitionofandneedforinterculturalcommunicationintroduction2024/4/1342跨文化交際英語Unit142/56*Theunderstandingandacceptanceofdifferences*Highpriorityofequality*Developingtoleranceandacceptance*Developingculturesensitivity*Nostifleandignoreonthediversity*Equaldistributionoforganizationalresources*Shareddecision-making*Flexibleinstitutionalpolicies,practices,andprocedures8.Keystrategiesforeffectiveinterculturalcommunicationintroduction2024/4/1343跨文化交際英語Unit143/56Case1-01Inthiscase,thereseemedtobeproblemsincommunicatingwithpeopleofdifferentculturesinspiteoftheeffortstoachieveunderstanding.WeshouldknowthatinEgyptasinmanycultures,thehumanrelationshipisvaluedsohighlythatitisnotexpressedinanobjectiveandimpersonalway.WhileAmericanscertainlyvaluehumanrelationships,theyaremorelikelytospeakoftheminlesspersonal,moreobjectiveterms.2024/4/1344跨文化交際英語Unit144/56Case1-01Inthiscase,Richard'smistakemightbethathechosetopraisethefooditselfratherthanthetotalevening,forwhichthefoodwassimplythesettingorexcuse.Forhishostandhostessitwasasifhehadattendedanartexhibitandcomplimentedtheartistbysaying,"Whatbeautifulframesyourpicturesarein."2024/4/1345跨文化交際英語Unit145/56Case1-02

InJapanthesituationmaybemorecomplicated.Japanesepeoplevalueorderandharmonyamongagroup,andthattheorganizationitself--beitafamilyoravastcorporation--isvaluedmorethananyparticularmember.Incontrast,Americansstressindividualityandareapttoassertindividualdifferenceswhentheyseemjustifiablytobeinconflictwiththegoalsorvaluesofthegroup.2024/4/1346跨文化交際英語Unit146/56Case1-02Inthiscase,Richard'smistakewasmakinggreateffortstodefendhimself.Eveniftheothersknewthattheerrorswerenotintentional,itisnotrighttodefendyourself,evenwhenyourunstatedintentistohelpthegroupbywarningothersofsimilarmistakes.Asimpleapologyandacceptanceoftheblamewouldhavebeenappropriate.ButforpoorRichardonlytoapologizewouldhaveseemedtohimtobesubservientandunmanly.2024/4/1347跨文化交際英語Unit147/56Case1-03WhenitcomestoEngland,weexpectfewerproblemsbetweenAmericansandEnglishmenthanbetweenAmericansandalmostanyothergroup2024/4/1348跨文化交際英語Unit148/56Case1-03

Inthiscasewemightlookbeyondthegestureoftakingsugarorcreamtothevaluesexpressedinthisgesture:forAmericans,"Helpyourself";fortheEnglishcounterpart,"Bemyguest."AmericanandEnglishpeopleequallyenjoyentertainingandbeingentertained,buttheydiffersomewhatinthevalueofthedistinction.2024/4/1349跨文化交際英語Unit149/56Case1-03Typically,theidealguestatanAmericanpartyisonewho"makeshimselfathome,"eventothepointofansweringthedoororfixinghisowndrink.Forpersonsinmanyothersocieties,includingatleastthishypotheticalEnglishhost,suchguestbehaviorispresumptuousorrude.2024/4/1350跨文化交際英語Unit150/56Case2-01Acommonculturalmisunderstandinginclassesinvolvescon