初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。定義：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。約占中考10％。.分類：動(dòng)詞不定式、V—ing形式和過(guò)去分詞.1.動(dòng)詞不定式1）構(gòu)成：（not）todo/（not）do2）句法功能:（1）作主語(yǔ):TofinishtheworkintenminutesisVeryhard.十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure?；倚囊馕吨　?dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式:ItisVeryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes。十分鐘之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是很難的。Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.灰心意味著失敗.常用句式：It+be+名詞+todosth.Ittakessb。+sometime+todosth。It+be+形容詞+of/forsb+todosth。常用careless,clever，good，foolish,honest，kind，lazy,nice，right,silly，stupid,wise，等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞，不定式前的sb?？勺髌溥壿嬛髡Z(yǔ).區(qū)別：當(dāng)使用for時(shí)，句中形容詞修飾的是不定式；It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard。（necessary修飾tostudyhard，表示學(xué)習(xí)努力是有必要的）而用of時(shí)，句中形容詞修飾邏輯主語(yǔ)。It'sfoolishofhimtodoit。（foolish修飾邏輯主語(yǔ)him）（2）作表語(yǔ)：Herjobistocleanthehall.她的工作是打掃大廳.seem作連系動(dòng)詞，其后的tobe不定式可省。Sheseemstobeilltoday.=Sheseemsill.=Itseemsthatsheisill。（3）作賓語(yǔ)：常與不定式做賓語(yǔ)連用的動(dòng)詞有：want，hope,wish,offer,fail，plan,learn,pretend，refuse，manage,help，agree，promise，prefer,Ihopetogetgoodgrades。 Iwanttohelpyou。注意：①如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面.Ifounditdifficulttolearnmathwell.②動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)。Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.我只能留在這里，別無(wú)選擇.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.他上周日除了修他的自行車什么也沒干。③動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問(wèn)詞連用.HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish。他給了我們一些學(xué)英語(yǔ)的建議.（4）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：want，wish,ask，tell，order,beg,permit，help,advise,persuade,allow，prepare,cause，force，callon，waitfor，invite。有些動(dòng)詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to，Isawhimcrosstheroad。 Hewasseentocrosstheroad.（5）作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.（6）作狀語(yǔ)：①表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney。 他夜以繼日地工作來(lái)賺錢。Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.她賣掉了自己的頭發(fā)來(lái)買那條表鏈。②表結(jié)果（往往是與預(yù)期愿望相反的結(jié)果意料之外）,常位于句尾。Hearrivedlateonlytofindthetrainhadgone.他來(lái)晚了,只見火車已經(jīng)走了。Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout。我去拜訪他,只見他出去了.③表原因：heywereverysadtohearthenews.他們聽到這條新聞非常傷心。④表程度：It'stoodarkforustoseeanything。太暗了,我們什么也看不見。⑤表?xiàng)l件：不定式表?xiàng)l件常位于句首。Tobeheated,liquidwillchangeintogas。如果受熱，液體就會(huì)變成氣體。⑥表方式：不定式可接在asif/asthough之后Hemovedhismouthasiftosaysomething.他嘴唇動(dòng)了動(dòng),好像要說(shuō)什么事。（7）不定式做獨(dú)立成分Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikeit.告訴你實(shí)話,我不喜歡它。（8）不定式的省略:保留to省略do動(dòng)詞.Ifyoudon’twanttodoit,youdon’tneedto。如果你不想做這件事,你就不必做。（9）不定式的并列:第二個(gè)不定式可省略to。Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor。 他希望學(xué)醫(yī)并成為醫(yī)生.2。v-ing形式1）分類:v—ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞，2）句法功能：（1）作主語(yǔ)：Readingaloudisveryhelpful。朗讀是很有好處的.（2）作表語(yǔ)：Intheantcity,thequeen’sjobislayingeggs.在螞蟻王國(guó),蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。（3）作賓語(yǔ)：Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss，consider，admit（承認(rèn)），deny（否認(rèn)），mind，permit,forbid，practise，risk（冒險(xiǎn)），appreciate（感激），bebusy，beworth,feellike，can'tstand，can'thelp（情不自禁地），thinkof，dreamof，befondof，prevent...（from），keep...from，stop...（from）,protect...from，spend...（in）,succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,insiston，（4）作定語(yǔ)：Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？3.過(guò)去分詞1）構(gòu)成：一ed2）句法功能：（1）做定語(yǔ)OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday。上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行.（2）做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek。上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。（3）做表語(yǔ)Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕.注意：1。有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事（此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事（已做）regrettodo對(duì)要做的事遺憾regretdoing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔5）trytodo盡全力，努力做某事trydoing嘗試做某事meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味著7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建議（做某事）learntodo.學(xué)著去做某事learndoing.學(xué)會(huì)做某事can'thelptodo…不能幫助做某事can'thelpdoing.情不自禁做某事usedtodo.過(guò)去做某事beusedtodoing.習(xí)慣做某事12）e/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為;+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念（注）如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow．13）need，want,deserve+動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；Theroomneedscleaning.+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要（修、清理等）”意思。2.?？季涫剑?)see/watch/notice/hear/findsb。 doingsth。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行see/watch/notice/hear/findsb。 todosth.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的事實(shí)keepsb.doingsth。 讓某人做某事3)finishdoingsth.做完某事4)spendtime/money(in)doingsth。 花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事5)havedifficulty/troubledoingsth。做某事有困難6)how/whataboutdoingsth？做某事怎么樣？(提建議)【模擬題】一．根據(jù)句意，用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Isitnecessary (learn)aforeignlanguage?Heisgoodat (swim).Doyouhaveanything (say)foryourself？It’sspringnow.it’stime (plant)trees.Don’tkeepme (wait)foralongtime。Thepolicemantoldtheboysnot (play)inthestreet.Hersonistooyoung (dress)himself。Let’s (have)arest， shallwe？Thespeakerspoketooquicklyforus (understand)。Thelittleboyisnotoldenough (read)。Iaskedhim (show)mehisnewpen。Knivesareusedfor (cut)things.Ireallydon'tknowwhat (do)next。Ioftenhearpeople (say)“ (see)is (believe)You'dbetter (try)thismedicine.Theysaidtheyhadnothing (worry)about.Canyoufinish (read)thebookinthreedays？Thedoctorwasbusy (operate)ontheboyatthattime。 (tell)youthetruth，Idislikemakingfriendswithhim。Stop (talk)andlistentomecarefully。Thankyouverymuchfor (help)us。Grannyisveryillandshedoesn’tfeellike (eat)anything。Wouldyoulike (climb)themountainwithme?Thegirlenjoys (listen)tolightmusic。25。Wecouldn'thelp(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystory.Whatabout (go)outforawalk？II.選擇填空。Wouldyouplease thedoorforme？A.holdingB。nottoholdC.hold DheldSeeinganoldmangettingoffthetrain,shehurriedover thingsforhim.A.carryingB.tocarryC.carriedD.forcarryingWe’dreallylikeyou tothepartytonight。A。comeB.tocomeC.willcomeD。shouldcomeWecandonothingbut theexperiment。A。torepeatBrepeatC.repeatingD。 repeatedHaveyougotanything aboutthismatter?A.sayingB。tosayCsaidD.sayHewasnot tryitagain.A。suchafoolastoB。soafoolastoC.afoolsuchastoD.afoolsoastoHewastooexcited .A。togotosleepingB。tosleptC。togotosleepD.goingtosleepWecan’thavehim likethatallday.A。toworkB。workingC.tobeworkedD。workShewereoftenheard thissongwhenshewashappy.A。sangBsingingC。sungD。tobesinging.Thetrainwasseen ataveryhighspeedtowardtheindustrialcenter。A.travelB。travels C。traveled D.traveling.。We'llsoonhaveapersonwithus.A。toworkB.workingC。workedDworks. hasnotbeendecidedyet。ATostartwhenB。WhytostartC。Whentostart D。Starttowhere。Doyouthinkitdifficult ?A。formetodosoB.formytodosoC.forItodosoD。formedoingso。Shekeepstellingus 。whattodoB.doingwhatC.whatisdoingD.dowhat15。 isnotknown.WhomtobegintherunningtestB.WhentobegintherunningtestWhentherunningtestbegin D.Howbegintotherunningtest16. thejobaloneisimpossible。A.TohimtodoB.ForhimdoingCForhimtodoD。Forhetodo17. itshouldbemadeclear.AWhattodoB。WhytodoCWhomtodoDWhencando18.Ourhouseneeds beforetherainyseasonarrives.A.torepairB.toberepairC。repairedD.repairing19.Ihaven'tdecidedwhichhotel .A。tostayB。istostayatC。tostayatD。isforstaying20。IwasalmostasleepwhenIheardsomeoneatthedoor。A.knockBtoknock C。 knocked D。beingknocked21。Ioftenspentmuchmoneybooks。A.tobuyB。buyingC。onbuying Dforbuying22。IfyoupracticeEnglishwheneveryoucan,youwillsoonspeakwell。A。talkingB。goingspeak CspeakingDtospeak23。Wearetiredofthesameproblemallthetime。AdiscussingB。todiscussC。discussingforD。discuss24。Sheusuallyforgetsthedoor,butsherememberedityesterdayoAtoshut...toshut B。shutting...shuttingC。toshut...shutting D。shutting...toshut.I abustoschoolwhenitwasraining.AamusedtotakeB.usedtotakingC。usetotakeDwasusedtotakingI'mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething ?A.drinkB。todrinkC.eatD。eatingItwasgreatfun apicniconthehill。A.tohaveB。ofhavingC。haveD。hadLily,keepthewindow .Thesandstormhasn'tstoppedyet。A.closeB。closedC.openD.openedApolicemansawtwothieves___agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC。stoleD.stolenIt’sbadforyoureyes computergamesforalongtime.A.playsB。toplay C。playD。playedTheyweremade fourteenhoursaday。A.workB。workingC.workedD。toworkIsitalwayseasier friendsthantokeepthem?A.makingB.make C.tomakeD。madeHestoodtherefortwohours thegame。A。watchedB.watching C.iswatchingD。waswatchingIt Jacktwentyminutes themathproblemyesterday.A.took;toworkoutB.takes；workedoutC.hastaken；workoutD.istaking;workingoutWhenyouleave，don’tforget offthelight。A。toturnB。turningC.turnD.turnedWhodoyouthinkyou’dlike ?A。tomakefriendsB。makefriendsC。tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithAlthoughJefflovesKFC，hetries ittoooften。A。toeatB。noteatC。tonoteatD.nottoeat————Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?——--ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework thisSunday。A。todoB.doneC.do D。tobedoneSallyhadnopen yesterdaymorning。A。towriteB。towritewithC。writingD.writingwith-——-Excuseme，sir.Lookatthesignonthewall“NO ”.-—-—Oh,I’msorry.I’llneverdoitagain.A。PARKEDB.SMOKEC。SPITTINGD.SMOKED—-——Boysandgirls，willyouplease theparkthisafternoon? —--—OK。A.notcleaningoutB。nottocleanoutC。tocleanupD。cleanupTheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom theearthaway.A。blowB.blowingC。blewD。toblowHowabout ？A.togooutforawalk B。goswimmingintheriverC。visitingthesickchildreninthehospitalD.tohavinglunchintherestaurantIt’sverykind youto me theheavybag。A.for；tell；totake B.of；thank；forC.to；speak；tohave D.of；help；carryHaveyoudecided ?A.togowithwhomB。whomtogowithC。whomgowithD。withwhomtogo46.Herhope agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A。towinB。istowinC.winningD。willwinThemeetingroomisbigenough onehundredpeople。A。holdingB.holdC.tohold D。holdsWouldyoupleasepassmetheknife ?A。tocutthewatermelonwith B。tocutthewatermelonC。cuttingthewatermelonD。cuttingthewatermelonwithItisbettertoteachamantofishthan himfish.A。givingB.togive C。givesD。gaveJennyisinterestedin inherfreetime。A。listenedtotheradioB。readingmagazinesC。watchTVD。playstennis51。Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC。neverdrivingD.neverdriveWhatdoyouthinkisthebestway thewildanimals？A.protectingB.toprotectC。protected D。protectI’drather ontheland inafactory.A。work;thanworkB。work；work C。towork；thantoworkD.towork;toworkTheyarelookingforwardto allovertheworld.A。travelB.traveledC.travelingD。betraveledWouldyoumind becausethere’resomanychildren here?A。 smoke；playB。smoking;playingC.notsmoking;playD.notsmoking；playing Englishismucheasierthanspeakingit.A。ReadB.ToreadC.ReadingD.ReadsWhenhewasintheoffice， hepreferred something nothing。A.todo;thandoB。todo;ratherthanC。doing；ratherthandoingD.doing;todoingIt'stoohottoday.Whynot yourcoat?A.tak