黃金卷4-2023年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（新高考II卷）（解析版）

【贏在高考?黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（新高考II卷）

黃金卷04

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需

改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，

寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的

答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出

最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段

對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是Co

1.Whatcolordoesthemanprefertopaintthebedroom?

A.Lightblue.B.Yellow.C.Pink.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Doyouthinkweshouldpaintourbedroomyelloworpink?

M:Whynotlightblue?

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Powerfailure.B.Turningoffthelight.C.Buyingair-conditioning.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Thelighthasgoneout!

M:Weoftenhavepowerfailureinthiscitywhentoomanypeopleareusingair-conditioning.

3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?

A.Frightening.B.Interesting.C.Boring.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Didyouenjoythemovie?Interestingorboring?

W:Iwastooscared.Mostofthetime,Icouldn'tevenwatchit.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Helikesdriving.B.Heusedtohaveacar.C.Heenjoystravelingbycar.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:You'vesoldyouroldcar.Youdon'tneedanewone?

M:Notreally.Tveneverlikeddrivinganyway.NowthatI'vemovedtoaplacenearthesubway

entrance,Icangotoworkquiteconveniently.

5.Whydoestheman'ssuitlookstrange?

A.Thejacketandtrousersdon'tmatch.B.He'swearingitintheoffice.C.Thecoloristoodark.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Whyareyoulookingmeupanddown?

W:Whatastrangesuityou'rewearing!Yourjacketdoesn'tmatchyourtrousers.

M:Iknow.Igotdressedinthedark,andIdidn'trealizemymistakeuntilIgottotheoffice.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三

個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；

聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Wheredidthemangrowup?

A.Inthecountryside.B.Inasmalltown.C.Inacity.

7.Whatdothespeakersseeinthestreetsnow?

A.Alotofrubbish.B.Kidsplayingballs.C.Niceshops.

【答案】6.C7.A

【原文】

M:Lookatthisplace!IfIdidn'tknowitwasthecityIgrewupin,IwouldthinkIwassomewhere

else!

W:Yeah,somanyhousesareemptyorbrokendown.Itwasn'tlikethiswhenwewerekids.

M:Weusedtoplayballsinthestreetsallthetime,butitlookssodangerousnow.

W:Andugly.Lookatallthatrubbishinthestreets.Thewindjustpushesitalong.Whatalonely

place!

M:Thisusedtobeagreatcity.Peoplecamefrommilesaroundtoworkintheshopsandeatinthe

restaurants.Whatasadsight!

W:Yeah,lefspickuptherubbish.Tmgettingsad.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Howcanthemangethighscores?

A.Bytalent.B.Byhardwork.C.Byalittlepressure.

9.Howmanypointsdidthewomanscore?

A.62.B.70.C.99.

10.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inanoffice.B.Inaclassroom.C.Atabusstation.

【答案】8.A9.A10.C

【原文】

W:Wow!1can'tbelieveyoutoppedtheclass—99points.

M:Meneither.Ididn'texpecttocomeoutfirst.

W:You'reasmartguy!YoualwaysgetstraightA's.

M:Thanks.Iguessit'sjustagift.

W:Sureis...SuchapityIdidn'tgetthatgift.

M:Well,Ithinkyou'reprettysmarttoo.What'syourscore?

W:1justgot62points.Thisistenible.Iexpected70atleast.

M:Well...It'snotatotalfailureyouknow.Justtryhardernexttime.

W:1failed!Man,myparentsaregoingtobeangryforthis.

M:Maybethat'sthereason.Youputtoomuchpressureonyou.Look,mybusiscoming.1haveto

gonow.Givemeacalllater,OK?

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Listeningtomusic.B.Seeingafilm.C.Writingaletter.

12.HowlongwillthewomanstayinJapan?

A.Forayear.B.Foramonth.C.Fortwoyears.

13.WhatwillthewomandobeforesheleavesforJapan?

A.ReadmoreJapanesenovels.B.Attendalanguageclass.C.Applyforanewprogram.

【答案】B12.A13.B

【原文】

M:Hi,Lisa,whatareyoudoing?

W:WatchingaJapanesefilm.TmgoingtospendallnextyearinJapan,andIthinkIshouldfind

outmoreaboutitsculture.

M:Youmeanyouhavebeenacceptedintotheprogram?

W:Isurehave.

M:That'swonderful.Youmustbeexcited.

W:Excitedandnervous.Youknow1havetoworkonsomebasicconversationskills.

M:HowmuchJapanesecanyouunderstand?

W:Onlyalittlenow.ButI'mgoingtotakeaspeciallanguageclassnextmonth.

M:IwishIwereascleverasyouareatforeignlanguages.Iwouldlovetostudyabroad.

W:Thenwhydon'tyou?Theschoolhasalotofprogramsthatdon'trequiretheknowledgeofa

foreignlanguage.Youjusthavetobethekindofpersonwhoisquicktolearnnewthingsandcan

getusedtoanewenvironmentfast.

M:Ithoughtallprogramsrequiredonetoknowaforeignlanguage.Thankyouforlettingme

knowthis.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whendidtheman'sbosscallJefF?

A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.

15.HowdidJeffexplaineverything?

A.Bye-mail.B.Overthephone.C.Inperson.

16.Whydidn'tJefFcometotheofficeonTuesday?

A.Hewassick.B.Hewasofftheday.C.Hewasworkingsomewhereelse.

17.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?

A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Angry.

【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.B

【原文】

M:Josie,doyourememberJeffinmyoffice?

W:Yeah.Ihaveseenhimbeforeatyourparty,andyouhavetoldmesomethingabouthim.

M:Heleftlastweek.

W:Left?Really?Doyouknowwhy?

M:Hedidn'tcomeinbyTuesday,soonTuesdayafternoonIcalledtoseewhetherhewasoffthe

dayorhewassick.

W:Andwhatdidhesay?

M:Noanswer.Italkedtomyboss,anditseemsthathetriedtocallJeffthemorningbeforeme.

Buthecouldn'tgetthrougheither.

W:Strange.

M:Anyway,bytheendoftheday,Jeffsentane-mailexplainingeverything.

W:Ane-mail?So,whydidheleave?

M:Well,hefoundanewjoblastmonth,butheforgottotellusaboutit.

W:You'rejoking!Howcananyonedothat?

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whodoesthespeakertalkto?

A.Afriendofhis.B.Agroupofnewstudents.C.Agroupofvisitors.

19.Whatisthetotalnumberofdepartmentsinthecollege?

A.Six.B.Five.C.Four.

20.WheredotheteachersintheEnglishdepartmentmainlycomefrom?

A.EnglandandAmerica.B.AmericaandAustralia.C.AmericaandCanada.

【答案】18.B19.B20.C

【原文】

Oursisaninternationallanguagecollege.Asyouallsee,therearealotofbuildingsinthe

college.Itcanbedifficultfornewstudentstofindtheirwayaround,sowe'retakingyouonthis

quickwalkaround.Thecollegeusedtohavefourdepartments:English,French,Germanand

Russian.ButthereisnowalsoaChinesedepartment.Atthemomentwe'reoutsideyour

department,theEnglishdepartment,whichisthelargestdepartmentinthecollege.Thereareover

200studentsineachgradeandwehave35teachers,including15professors.Theteachersare

fromdifferentcountries,mainlyfromtheUSAandCanada,withafewfromEnglandand

Australia.You'llhaveallyourclasseshereinthisbuilding.Now,let'swalkovertothemain

librarywhichisthelargestbuildinginthecollegejustnexttotheEnglishdepartmentbuilding.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

NewStoriesAwaitJustforYou

TheOriginofDisease

CarolynMerchant,JD&ChristopherMerchant,MD

Containingexcitinginformationandthought,thisbookcouldhelppeoplefindwaysto

improveoravoiddiseasesthatcandramaticallychangelives.Pullingmedicalknowledgetogether

inanoriginalway,itprovidesanewvisionforunderstandingchronic（慢性的）disease,and

challengesreaderstothinkofchronicdiseasebasedontherootcauses.Formanypeople,medical

bookscanbeahardbarriertojump.butthisbookiswritteninanaccessiblestyleandformat,and

containsinformationusefultothelayperson,notjustmedicalprofessionals.

FromHealingtoHell

W.H.Wall,Jr

FromHealingtoHellisaboutthefallofagoodanddecentmanandgoesfurthertorevealthe

shockingdetailsofhowhewasdoneacruelinjusticeatthehandsofaCIAgovernment

experimentwiththedrugLSD.Thebooktellsthestoryofillegalactivitybyofficialsinpower

whooperatedinthenameofprotectingthecountry.

TheStuffofMonuments

RichardA.Crousey

Littlethingsoccurregularly,forbiddingustorecognizetheirsignificance.Whatfinally

causesthemtoblossomintosweetnessistheirfadingaway.Throughthestoriesinthebook,itis

shownthattheseasonsofourlivesaremadeupofthestuffthatwentbefore.Nothingistrulylost.

Asonepicturebeginstofade,anotherbeginstodawn.

ThereAreNoMonstersHere

BuffyBrinkley

Alittleboyisafraidtogotobedwhenhismotherannounceshisbedtime.Hebelievesthere

maybemonstershidinginhisroom.However,hisfeardoesn'tstophimfromtryingtofindthem.

Whathisdecisioncreatesisadoorwaytoacceptanceandfriendship.Outoffearcomesdelight,

andtheideathatwhatweseeandhowweinitiallyjudgeasituationcanbewrong------thatwhatit

takestoovercomeourfearscansometimesbethebestwaytomakeafriend.

21.WhoarethetargetedreadersofthebookTheOriginofDisease?

A.Studentspreferringchallenges.B.Peoplecaringabouttheirhealth.

C.Researchersinthechemistrylab.D.Doctorsintheemergencyroom.

22.Whichbookismostlikelytobeacollectionofshortstories?

A.TheOriginofDisease.B.FromHealingtoHell.

C.TheStuffofMonuments.D.ThereAreNoMonstersHere.

23.Whatbringstheboyfriendshipinthelastbook?

A.Hisinnocence.B.Hisfear.C.Hiscourage.D.Hiscreativity.

【參考答案】

21.B22.C23.C

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本新書。

【詳情解析】

21.[B]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheOriginofDisease下面的介紹中“Formanypeople,medical

bookscanbeahardbarriertojump,butthisbookiswritteninanaccessiblestyleandformat,

andcontainsinformationusefultothelayperson,notjustmedicalprofessionals.（對(duì)許多人來(lái)

說(shuō)，醫(yī)學(xué)書籍可能是一個(gè)難以跨越的障礙。但這本書是以一種易于閱讀的風(fēng)格和格式編寫

的，它包含了對(duì)外行人有用的信息，而不僅僅是醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)人士）''并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，這本書

的目標(biāo)讀者是關(guān)心自己的健康的人們。故選B項(xiàng)。

22.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheStuffofMonuments下面的介紹中“Throughthestoriesinthe

book,itisshownthattheseasonsofourlivesaremadeupofthestuffthatwentbefore.（通過(guò)書

中的故事，我們可以看到，我們生活的時(shí)節(jié)是由過(guò)去的東西組成的）“可知，書中有許多不

同的故事；從而推知，TheStuffofMonuments可能是一部短篇故事集。故選C項(xiàng)。

23.[C]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一本書的介紹中“Outoffearcomesdelight,andtheideathat

whatweseeandhowweinitiallyjudgeasituationcanbewrong------thatwhatittakesto

overcomeourfearscansometimesbethebestwaytomakeafriend.（恐懼帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，而我們所

看到的以及我們最初如何判斷一種情況的想法可能是錯(cuò)誤的——克服恐懼所需要的東西

有時(shí)可能是交朋友的最佳方式）''可知，在書中是他的勇氣（克服恐懼所需要的東西）給他

帶來(lái)了友誼。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

TheStateoftheWorld'sBirds-reportfromconservationgroupBirdLifeisthelatest

criticalsurveythathighlightthescaleofthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Itsays,morethanhalfthe

world'sbirdspeciesareindecline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansioninto

habitatscontinuetowreakhavoconbirdpopulations.

“Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateofextinctionis

accelerating,saidLucyHaskell,whoisleadauthorofthereport."Historically,mostextinctions

wereonislands,butworryinglythereisagrowingwaveofcontinentalextinctions,drivenby

landscape-scalehabitatloss.”

ThereportrevieweddatafromtheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.

Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49percent,havedecliningpopulations,

while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6percenthaveunknowntrends.Onein

eightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalsohighlightedthemassivescaleofpopulation

lossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.

Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureistheleadingthreattobirds,the

reportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatenedspecies.Unsustainableloggingand

managementofforestsisanothersignificantthreat,impactingnearlyhalfofthreatenedbird

species.

Birdsplayanessentialroleinthehealthofecosystemsaroundtheworld.Theyarepredators,

pollinators,seeddispensers,andscavengers,andhelptomoveandcyclenutrientsacrosswide

ranges.t4Birdstellusaboutthehealthofournaturalenvironment—weignoretheirmessagesat

ourperil,“Lucysaid.

Authorsofthereportsaidthatgovernmentsmustprioritizemoresustainableagriculture

practicesandtheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsinordertoslowpopulationdeclineinbirdspecies.

Therearenumerousexamplesofpopulationsbouncingbackwiththehelpofwell-coordinated

conservationprograms."Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,saidButchart,whoischief

scientistforBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,butweknowhowto

reversethesedeclines.^^

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Graduallychange.B.Sharplyincrease.C.Slightlydisturb.D.Seriouslydamage.

25.Howdidthereportshowthestateoftheworld'sbirds?

A.Bylistingcauses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Byansweringquestions.

26.Whatisthemajorthreattobirdsaccordingtothereport?

A.Illegalhuntingforbirds.B.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.

C.Poormanagementofforests.D.Thelossoflandscape-scalehabitats.

27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Birdsplayavitalroleinmaintainingbiodiversity.

B.Governmentshaveprotectednaturalhabitatsgreatly.

C.Conservationprogramsneedtobeupdatedmorefrequently.

D.Scientistsareconfidentaboutslowingpopulationdeclineofbirds.

【參考答案】

24.D25.C26.B27.D

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了世界上超過(guò)一半的鳥(niǎo)類正在減少，因?yàn)榘ㄞr(nóng)業(yè)和向棲息

地?cái)U(kuò)張?jiān)趦?nèi)的人類活動(dòng)繼續(xù)對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。

【詳情解析】

24.[D]詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞組前文“Itsays,morethanhalftheworld'sbirdspeciesarein

decline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansionintohabitatscontinueto（報(bào)告

說(shuō)，世界上超過(guò)一半的鳥(niǎo)類物種正在減少，因?yàn)榘ㄞr(nóng)業(yè)在內(nèi)的人類活動(dòng)和棲息地的擴(kuò)張

繼續(xù)）“及第二段"Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherate

ofextinctionisaccelerating（在過(guò)去的500年里，我們已經(jīng)失去了160多種鳥(niǎo)類，滅絕的速

度正在加快）”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)和向棲息地?cái)U(kuò)張的人類活動(dòng)繼續(xù)對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。由此

推知，劃線詞組wreakhavocon與seriouslydamag（嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞）意義接近。故選D項(xiàng)。

25.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49

percent,havedecliningpopulations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6

percenthaveunknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalso

highlightedthemassivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.（分析顯示,全

球5412種鳥(niǎo)類（即49%）的種群數(shù)量在下降，38%的種群數(shù)量穩(wěn)定，6%的種群數(shù)量正在增

力口，6%的鳥(niǎo)類數(shù)量呈未知趨勢(shì)。每八個(gè)物種中就有一個(gè)面臨滅絕的威脅，這也突顯了在

幾個(gè)調(diào)查良好的地區(qū)，人口的大規(guī)模流失）”可推知，該報(bào)告通過(guò)分析數(shù)據(jù)顯示了世界鳥(niǎo)類

的狀況。故選C項(xiàng)。

26.[B]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureis

theleadingthreattobirds,thereportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatened

species.（報(bào)告稱，農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張和集約化是鳥(niǎo)類面臨的主要威脅，至少影響了73%的受威脅

物種）”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張和集約化是對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類的主要威脅。故選B項(xiàng)。

27.[D]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“"Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,saidBut

chart,whoischiefscientistfbrBirdLife."'Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,but

weknowhowtoreversethesedeclines."（“如果我們給大自然一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，它可以恢復(fù)，“鳥(niǎo)類

生命的首席科學(xué)家布特?查特說(shuō)。“無(wú)可否認(rèn)，情況很糟糕，但我們知道如何扭轉(zhuǎn)這種下

滑。”戶可推斷，科學(xué)家們對(duì)減緩鳥(niǎo)類數(shù)量的下降很有信心。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

Asartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman-anAI

producedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthat

answersconsumers9questionsonline—peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettlingsituation

ofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuchproductsless

effective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency（透明度）andcooperationin

human-computerinteractions.

Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionstocooperate

withorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeepcooperating——butthereis

alwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm,atthepartner'sexpense.The

researchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,whenposingasaperson,implementedastrategy

thatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnerstocooperate.Butpreviouswork

suggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappenif

therobotrevealeditselfassuch.

Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilitytocooperate

（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief“Sadly,wefailedatthis

goal,^^saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityinAbuDhabiandasenior

authoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachineIntelligence.fc€Nomatterwhat

thealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.,,Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwasless

likelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficial

tobothplayers.（Ineachmode,therobotplayed50roundsagainstatleast150individuals.）Inan

additionalexperiment,playersweretold,“Datasuggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreatthe

robotasifitwereahuman.^^Ithadnoeffect.

VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmea

UniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersforexploringthe

transparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper?sparticular

setup.

Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobedeceived

aboutarobofsidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelsethe“deception”

obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionfbroccasionaldeception,evenifitcanbe

obtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumansshouldhavetheoption

toknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomerservicewithasimple

question,sheadds,“【justwanttogetmyanswer.”

28.Theword''trade-offisclosestinmeaningto.

A.balancingB.combiningC.distinctionD.agreement

29.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?

A.Highlypositive.B.Casual.C.Stronglyopposed.D.Distrustful.

30.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?

A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers9assumption.

B.Theywilldrawpeople'sattentiontorobots'problems.

C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.

D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?

A.TalalRahwan'sresearchfindingscan'tapplytothereal-worldsituations.

B.Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.

C.Peopleneedn'tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.

D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.

【參考答案】

28.A29.D30.A31.C

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了隨著人工智能產(chǎn)品在扮演人類角色方面不斷進(jìn)步，人們?cè)?/p>

來(lái)越擔(dān)心對(duì)面正和自己交流是否是機(jī)器人，因?yàn)槿藗冇凶约旱钠?jiàn)，不信任機(jī)器人，即使實(shí)

驗(yàn)證明機(jī)器人是有好的合作能力的。

【詳情解析】

28.[A]詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,when

posingasaperson,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghuman

partnerstocooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothe

scientistswonderedwhalwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（研究人員使用了—

種人工智能算法，當(dāng)假扮成一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，實(shí)施了一種比人類更善于讓人類伙伴合作的策

略。但是之前的研究表明人們傾向于不相信機(jī)器，所以科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的這

樣暴露出來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么）''可知提到了人們不相信機(jī)器，即使機(jī)器人的策略比人類本身的策

略更容易讓合作伙伴合作；根據(jù)文章第三段Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejust

stucktotheirprejudice."Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperation

thananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.，'不管

算法做了什么，人們只是堅(jiān)持自己的偏見(jiàn)?！币粋€(gè)公開(kāi)扮演機(jī)器人的機(jī)器人比人類更不可

能獲得合作，盡管它的策略顯然對(duì)雙方都更有利）”可知無(wú)論怎樣做，人們就是不相信機(jī)器

人，如果被告知是機(jī)器人的話，他們更不會(huì)選擇機(jī)器人合作了，綜上所述，推知“Butthetruth

maymakesuchproductslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency

（透明度）andcooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.（但事實(shí)可能會(huì)降低這類產(chǎn)品的效

率：最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在人機(jī)交流中，透明度和合作之間存在權(quán)衡戶表述的是人們?cè)谂c機(jī)

器交流中，應(yīng)該存在透明度和合作之間的平衡，否則，一旦人們知道對(duì)面是機(jī)器人在和他

們交流，他們根本不會(huì)相信機(jī)器人，那必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)器人的效率低了，所以在透明度和合

作之間要有平衡，故推知“trade-off”意思的“平衡”；故選A項(xiàng)。

29.[D]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文第二段“Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelieve

machines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（（旦

是之前的研究表明人們傾向于不相信機(jī)器，所以科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的這樣暴露

出來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么）”和文章第三段“Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwould

recognizeitsabilitytocooperate（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheir

disbelief."Sadly,wefailedatthisgoal,”（研究小組希望人們?cè)谂c一個(gè)已知的機(jī)器人玩時(shí)能夠

認(rèn)識(shí)到它的合作能力（而不是一個(gè)容易被打敗的機(jī)器人），并最終克服他們的懷疑?！斑z

憾的是，我們失敗了可知研究表明人類不相信機(jī)器人，而科學(xué)家希望人類能認(rèn)識(shí)到機(jī)

器人的合作能力而最終戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)它們的懷疑，但是失敗了，推知人類對(duì)機(jī)器人的態(tài)度就是抱

有懷疑的；故選D項(xiàng)。

30.[A]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelieve

machines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（｛fl

是之前的研究表明人們傾向于不相信機(jī)器，所以科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的這樣暴露

出來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么）”可知研究表明人類不相信機(jī)器，而科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的暴露

出來(lái)，會(huì)生什么；根據(jù)文章第三段“"Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststuckto

theirprejudice.^^Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthan

anotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.（“不管算法

做了什么，人們只是堅(jiān)持自己的偏見(jiàn)?！币粋€(gè)公開(kāi)扮演機(jī)器人的機(jī)器人比人類更不可能獲

得合作，盡管它的策略顯然對(duì)雙方都更有利?！睉艨芍还茉鯓幼?，人們就是不相信機(jī)器

人，如果人們被告知是機(jī)器人，更不可能去跟它們合作。由此推知，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不支持科學(xué)

家們的假設(shè)，故選A項(xiàng)。

31.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“praisestheresearchersforexploringthe

transparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper9sparticular

setup.（贊揚(yáng)了研究人員探索透明度與效率之間的平衡,，但她希望看到它在論文的特殊設(shè)置

之外進(jìn)行測(cè)試廠可知Dignum對(duì)于此項(xiàng)研究是贊同的，而且希望去除實(shí)驗(yàn)特殊設(shè)置；根據(jù)

文章最后一段“Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementto

bedeceivedaboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelse

the“deception“obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionforoccasionaldeception,even

ifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumansshould

havetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomer

servicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”（作者說(shuō)，在公共領(lǐng)域，

應(yīng)該要求人們同意被欺騙的機(jī)器人的身份。它不能建立在互動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上，否則“欺騙”顯然

不會(huì)起作用。但是，即使能夠獲得對(duì)偶爾欺騙行為的全面許可，仍然會(huì)引發(fā)道德上的兩難

困境。Dignum說(shuō)，人類在與機(jī)器人交流之后應(yīng)該有權(quán)知道答案，但是如果她打電話給客

服只是為了問(wèn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“我只是想得到我的答案）“可知此項(xiàng)研究論文

的作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該事先告知人們機(jī)器人的身份，而Dignum對(duì)于這個(gè)研究是贊揚(yáng)的，即對(duì)

論文的作者的觀點(diǎn)是不排斥的，并且認(rèn)為可以去除實(shí)驗(yàn)中的設(shè)置來(lái)驗(yàn)證這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，而且

Dignum認(rèn)為人們?cè)谂c機(jī)器交流后應(yīng)該有權(quán)知道答案，而沒(méi)有提及事先告知人們機(jī)器人的

身份，故推知Dignum認(rèn)同人們不需要被告知他們?cè)谌魏螆?chǎng)合都在與機(jī)器人互動(dòng)這樣的觀

點(diǎn)；故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Ihadnothuggedafriendorafamilymemberformorethantwoyearsuntilrecentlywhenmy

sisterflewinforabriefvisit.Forsafety,wemetoutside.Despitethewintryweather,herhug

wannedmefromtheinsideout.It'sstrange,butonlynowdoItrulyrealizehowmuchI'vemissed

embracinglovedones.

IgrewupthroughwarinmyhometownofSarajevo,Bosnia,andeverymomentwasfullof

danger.Ononepeacefulmorning,Ihadbeggedmymomtoletmegooutsideafterspending

weeksindoors.Shefinallyagreed.Iwasoutsideforonly10minuteswhenIwascaughtinan

explosion.Irantomyneighbor'shouseforsafetyandhungmyarmsaroundherneckjustasmy

legscollapsedunderneathme.

Thankfully,Imadeafullphysicalrecovery,buttheemotionalscarsneverleftme.Yearslater

therewasanotherexplosionnearmyhouse.Iwassafelyinside,butmyfatherhadlefttobuya

loafofbread.Hehadonlyjustmissedtheexplosion.Whenhecamebackinside,Igavehimthe

biggesthugimaginable.IwascakedintearsasIheldhimtight.

Thatsamenightmyparentsmanagedtoarrangemyescapefromourwar-torncity.Iwas16

andcametoAmericaonmyown.Ageneroushostfamilytookmein.Theyhadalargedogcalled

Oscar.Overthenextseveralmonths,Isecretlystruggledwithfeelinghomesickandworriedabout

myfamilybackhome.Despitemanagingquitewellatschool,Icouldn'texpressmyfeelings.The

onlywayIsharedhowIfeltwasbygivingOscarabighug.

Itisyetanothersadaspectofourpandemic（疾病大流行的）livesthathuggingastrangeris

thelastthingonourminds.Formanyofus,evenhuggingarelativeorafriendcomeswithstress

andanxietyoverrisksandprecautions.AsIlookbackonmypast,Icountmyselftrulyluckyto

havebeenheld,shieldedandencouragedatsom