湖南省長沙市四區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期3月調(diào)研考試（一模）英語試題(解析版)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長沙市四區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期3月調(diào)研考試（一模）英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheyear2023sawawidevarietyofTVandinternetvarietyshowsinChina,offeringamazingentertainmenttoaudiences.Hereare4popularvarietyshowsoftheyear.It’snevertoolatetostartenjoyingthem.BecomeaFarmer(Feb.-Jul.,iQIYI)Thefarming-themedrealityshowtookChinesesocialmediabystorm,shiningaspotlightonagriculture.InanefforttoconnectyoungurbanChinesewiththeagriculturalindustry,theshowinvites10youngmenfromvariousfieldstoexperiencelifeonthefarmland.GreatEscapeSeason5(May-Sept.,MangoTV)Thisrealityshowhastakenviewersonanimmersivejourney.Itenlistedwell-knowncelebrities,whofacedchallengeswithinintricatelydesignedescaperooms.Theyhadtosearchforhiddenclues,solvepuzzlesanddeciphercodesto.unlocktheroomsinwhichtheyaretrapped.TheBigBand3(Aug.-Oct.,iQIYI)TheBigBand3showcasesvariousmusicalgenreswith27bandsfromChina.Inthe2023edition,folkChinesemusicianstookcenterstage,withnotableperformancesbyWayinafromGuangxiandAndaUnionfromInnerMongolia.CallMebyFire,Season3(Aug.-Nov.,MangoTV)Featuringalineupof32maleentertainers,thisseasonshowcasedperformancesinbothgroupandsoloformats,withparticipantsranginginagefrom27to55.Throughouttheseason,theparticipantsshowcasedtheirversatilitybyexploringvariousformsofartisticexpression,includingsinging,dancingandacting.1.Whichshowwillmakeaudiencesfeelimmersive?A.BecomeaFarmer. B.TheBigBand3.C.CallMebyFire,Season3. D.GreatEscapeSeason5.2.WhatdoBecomeaFarmerandCallMebyFire,Season3haveincommon?A.Theycentreonfarming. B.TheywereproducedbyiQIYI.C.Theirparticipantsaremale. D.Theyshowcasevariousmusicalgenres.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefourshows?A.Theymadeahitin2023. B.Theyfeaturedwell-knowncelebrities.C.Theywereairedinthefirsthalfof2023. D.Theyshowcasedvariousmusicalperformances.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2023年在中國流行的四檔電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜藝節(jié)目，提供了這些節(jié)目的簡要概述和特點(diǎn)。〖答案〗1.D2.C3.A【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatEscapeSeason5下的“Thisrealityshowhastakenviewersonanimmersivejourney.(這個(gè)真人秀節(jié)目讓觀眾們身臨其境)”可知，GreatEscapeSeason5這個(gè)真人秀節(jié)目讓觀眾沉浸其中。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BecomeaFarmer下的“InanefforttoconnectyoungurbanChinesewiththeagriculturalindustry,theshowinvites10youngmenfromvariousfieldstoexperiencelifeonthefarmland.(為了將中國的城市年輕人與農(nóng)業(yè)聯(lián)系起來，節(jié)目邀請(qǐng)了10位來自不同領(lǐng)域的年輕男人體驗(yàn)農(nóng)田生活)”以及CallMeByFire,Season3下的“Featuringalineupof32maleentertainers,thisseasonshowcasedperformancesinbothgroupandsoloformats,withparticipantsranginginagefrom27to55.(這一季共有32名男藝人參加，他們的年齡從27歲到55歲不等，有團(tuán)體表演和個(gè)人表演)”可知，BecomeaFarmer邀請(qǐng)的是10名來自不同領(lǐng)域的年輕人體驗(yàn)農(nóng)田生活，而CallMeByFire，Season3的特色是32位男性藝人的表演。因此，這兩個(gè)節(jié)目的共同點(diǎn)是參與者都是男性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyear2023sawawidevarietyofTVandinternetvarietyshowsinChina,offeringamazingentertainmenttoaudiences.Hereare4popularvarietyshowsoftheyear.It’snevertoolatetostartenjoyingthem.(2023年，中國出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜藝節(jié)目，為觀眾提供了令人驚嘆的娛樂。以下是今年最受歡迎的4檔綜藝節(jié)目。開始享受它們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太遲)”可知，這四檔節(jié)目都是2023年的熱門節(jié)目。故選A項(xiàng)。BDifferentfromregularconcerts,roadsideconcertsinGuiyang,capitalcityofsouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince,allowpeopletoimmersethemselvesinmusic.Withoutticketsorfences,youngpeopleheldhandstogether,singinganddancing.Videosshowingtheirrelaxingandcheerfulperformanceswentviralafterbeingpostedonsocialmedia.Fromcommonpeopletostars,musicbringspeopletogether.“Whethertheyareordinarypeopleorstars,whensteppingontothesmallstagebytheroad,theycanenjoythejoyofmusictogether,”saidZhouWenjia,deputyheadofthepublicitydepartmentofYunyanDistrict.SunGuang,headofNanmingDistrict’sculturalandtourismbureauinGuiyang,becameahitfortheroadsideconcert.“Ihaveamusicdream,”saidSun,whooncetookpartinnationalcompetitionsandperformedonstageinBeijing.Butforbeingbusywithhiswork,hesawhisguitarcoveredindust.Whileseeingtheflowingcrowds,Sunsignedupinsecret,putonhisleatherjacketandsunglasses,andstoodonhisbelovedstage.Butperhapsbecauseofhiswonderfulperformance,someaudiencerecognizedhim.Whensingingonthestageforthethirdtime,ashortvideoshowinghisperformancebecameahitonlineandreceivednearly1millionviews,whichputhimatalossforatime.QingyunMarket,oneofthevenuesofroadsideconcerts,isafamoustouristattractioninGuiyangwhichsellsnightsnacksandlocalculturalandcreativeproducts.Withthepopularityofconcerts,themarkethasbecomeanimportantenginetoboostthecity’seconomy.“Roadsideconcertsnowhavebecomeanimportanteconomicbooster,andIcouldbeapromoter.Thisisagoodcombinationofmyhobbiesandduties,”saidSun.Asroadsideconcertscontinuetogainsteam,musichasbecomeadrivingforceforconsumption.Guiyanghasmadeitclearthatroadsideconcertswillcontinuetorequirezerotickets,zerobusiness,andzerodistancefromthepeople,withanaimtobuildacitywithwarmthandhospitality.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“wentviral”inparagraph1mean?A.Caughtavirus. B.Becamepopular.C.Piledup. D.Gotblocked.5.Whatisthefeatureoftheroadsideconcert?A.Peopleenjoythemusictogetherforfreebytheroad.B.Manysuperstarsandbandsenjoystreetperformances.C.Audienceimmersethemselvesinmusicinsidethefences.D.Roadsideconcertsgainlittlesupportfromthegovernment.6.WhydidSunGuangsignupinsecret?A.Becauseheistoobusywithhiswork.B.Becausehecan’tstandpublicattention.C.Becausehewantstomaskhisrealidentity.D.Becausehelacksconfidenceinhisperformance.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Roadsideconcertswillattractsponsorshiptoearnprofit.B.Roadsideconcertswillchargetheaudienceinthefuture.C.Roadsideconcertsareaimedtoimprovetheurbaninfrastructure.D.RoadsideconcertscanboosttheeconomicdevelopmentinGuiyang.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了貴陽市路邊音樂會(huì)的盛況，包括其與常規(guī)音樂會(huì)的不同之處，人們對(duì)此的反響，以及這對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和旅游業(yè)的推動(dòng)作用等?！即鸢浮?.B5.A6.C7.D【4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“QingyunMarket,oneofthevenuesofroadsideconcerts,isafamoustouristattractioninGuiyangwhichsellsnightsnacksandlocalculturalandcreativeproducts.Withthepopularityofconcerts,themarkethasbecomeanimportantenginetoboostthecity’seconomy.(青云市場是貴陽著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，是路邊音樂會(huì)的舉辦地之一，銷售夜宵和當(dāng)?shù)匚幕瘎?chuàng)意產(chǎn)品。隨著音樂會(huì)的流行，市場已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要引擎)”可知，音樂會(huì)變得流行，由此推知，這些表演視頻在社交媒體上走紅，wentviral應(yīng)是“走紅”之意，和B項(xiàng)意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Differentfromregularconcerts,roadsideconcertsinGuiyang,capitalcityofsouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince,allowpeopletoimmersethemselvesinmusic.Withoutticketsorfences,youngpeopleheldhandstogether,singinganddancing.(與常規(guī)音樂會(huì)不同，中國西南部貴州省省會(huì)貴陽的路邊音樂會(huì)讓人們沉浸在音樂中。沒有門票，也沒有圍欄，年輕人手牽著手，載歌載舞)”可知，路邊音樂會(huì)的特點(diǎn)是人們?cè)诼愤呉黄鹈赓M(fèi)欣賞音樂。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Ihaveamusicdream,”saidSun,whooncetookpartinnationalcompetitionsandperformedonstageinBeijing.Butforbeingbusywithhiswork,hesawhisguitarcoveredindust.Whileseeingtheflowingcrowds,Sunsignedupinsecret,putonhisleatherjacketandsunglasses,andstoodonhisbelovedstage.(“我有一個(gè)音樂夢，”孫說，他曾參加過全國比賽并在北京的舞臺(tái)上表演過。但由于忙于工作，他看到他的吉他沾滿了灰塵?？吹轿跷跞寥恋娜巳海瑢O偷偷報(bào)名，穿上皮夾克，戴上墨鏡，站在他心愛的舞臺(tái)上)”可知，他穿上了皮夾克和太陽鏡，站在他心愛的舞臺(tái)上，這表明他不想被觀眾認(rèn)出，所以他秘密地報(bào)名參加了路邊音樂會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asroadsideconcertscontinuetogainsteam,musichasbecomeadrivingforceforconsumption.Guiyanghasmadeitclearthatroadsideconcertswillcontinuetorequirezerotickets,zerobusiness,andzerodistancefromthepeople,withanaimtobuildacitywithwarmthandhospitality.(隨著路邊音樂會(huì)的不斷興起，音樂已經(jīng)成為消費(fèi)的推動(dòng)力。貴陽明確表示，路邊演唱會(huì)將繼續(xù)實(shí)行零票、零商業(yè)、零距離，建設(shè)熱情好客之城)”可知，本段提到音樂可以推動(dòng)消費(fèi)，貴陽將延續(xù)之前的政策，推動(dòng)音樂會(huì)的發(fā)展。由此推知，路邊音樂會(huì)對(duì)貴陽的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有積極的推動(dòng)作用。故選D項(xiàng)。COfallthecreaturesontheplanet,thenarwhalisoneofthestrangestlooking.It’sawhalewhichhasalargeprotrudingtuskcomingoutofitshead;that’showitgot,itsnickname,theunicornofthesea.TheyliveintheArcticOceanoffthecoastofCanada,RussiaandEastGreenland.However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby2025,andit’sallbecauseofnoisepollution.Narwhalsrelyonecholocation,whichtheyusetofindfoodandnavigatetheirsurroundings.Theanimalproducesasoundwavewhichbouncesoffanobject.Theypickthisreflectedsoundupthroughtheirlowerjaw,andinformationonfeatureslikesizeandspeedpassestotheirears.However,increaseinhumanmarineactivity,aswellasclimatechange,hasresultedintheArcticOceanbecomingnoisier,whichmeansit’smoredifficultfornarwhalstorelyonsound.SusannaBlackwell,whostudiestheeffectsofunderwaternoiseonmarineanimals,toldtheBBCthatthereisnoisieractivityintheArcticOceanthaneverbecause,asseaicemelts,newnavigationroutesareopening.Andwhileicebergsbreakingandcreakinghavebeenpartoftheoceansoundscapeforhundredsofyears,man-madenoiseismuchharderforanimalstoadaptto,particularlyasthesechangesaresosudden.ResearchpublishedinScienceAdvancesin2023recordedthereactionsofnarwhalstothesimulated(模擬的)noisesofoilexpeditionsmadebyapatrolvessel(巡邏船).Thescientiststaggedandtrackedthecreaturesandfoundthat,onhearingthesesounds,theyendeddeepdivesandstoppedclicking,theecholocationsignaltheyuseforfindingfoodunderwater.Thisisthesamereactionnarwhalshavetoorcas,whohuntthem,meaninghuman-madenoisecouldtriggerthecreature’s“threatbutton”.So,whatcanwedo?CharlotteFindlay,apostdoctoralfellowatAarhusUniversity,says“noiseisactuallyquiteeasytosolve.Weneedtoeitherturnitofforturnitdown.”8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenarwhalfromthefirstparagraph?A.Ithasalargetuskfromitsjaw. B.Itcurrentlyfacestheriskofdyingout.C.Itlivesinthesouthernhemisphere. D.Itsoundsdifferentfromotherwhales.9.WhatdoesSusannaBlackwell’sstudyshow?A.Narwhalsnavigatetheirsurroundingsbyecholocation.B.Seaicemeltingmakestheoceannoisierthanever.C.Man-madenoisehasagreaterimpactonmarineanimals.D.Narwhalsarenotusedtoicebergsbreakingandcreaking.10.Whatdoestheresearchmentionedinparagraph3imply?A.Apatrolvesselwasappliedintheresearch. B.Orcasarethenaturalenemytonarwhals.C.Noiseswouldchangetheecholocationsignal. D.Scientiststaggednarwhalsunderthewater.11.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SurvivalofNarwhalthreatenedbyman-madenoise.B.Expertspredictingtheextinctionofthenarwhal.C.Newresearchsettosolveunderwaternoisepollution.D.Narwhalpopulationaffectedbyunderwaternoisepollution.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了獨(dú)角鯨這一生物，闡述了它們的生活習(xí)性、生存現(xiàn)狀以及所面臨的威脅，特別是人為噪音對(duì)它們生存的影響?！即鸢浮?.B9.C10.C11.A【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby2025,andit’sallbecauseofnoisepollution.(然而，專家表示，到2025年，一些獨(dú)角鯨種群可能會(huì)滅絕，這都是因?yàn)樵胍粑廴?”可知，獨(dú)角鯨目前面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“SusannaBlackwell,whostudiestheeffectsofunderwaternoiseonmarineanimals,toldtheBBCthatthereisnoisieractivityintheArcticOceanthaneverbecause,asseaicemelts,newnavigationroutesareopening.Andwhileicebergsbreakingandcreakinghavebeenpartoftheoceansoundscapeforhundredsofyears,man-madenoiseismuchharderforanimalstoadaptto,particularlyasthesechangesaresosudden.(SusannaBlackwell研究水下噪音對(duì)海洋動(dòng)物的影響，她告訴BBC，北冰洋的活動(dòng)比以往任何時(shí)候都要嘈雜，因?yàn)殡S著海冰融化，新的航行路線正在開辟。數(shù)百年來，冰山破裂和吱吱作響一直是海洋聲景的一部分，但人造噪音對(duì)動(dòng)物來說更難適應(yīng)，尤其是這些變化太突然了)”可知，SusannaBlackwell的研究顯示人造噪音對(duì)海洋動(dòng)物的影響更大。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ResearchpublishedinScienceAdvancesin2023recordedthereactionsofnarwhalstothesimulated(模擬的)noisesofoilexpeditionsmadebyapatrolvessel(巡邏船).Thescientiststaggedandtrackedthecreaturesandfoundthat,onhearingthesesounds,theyendeddeepdivesandstoppedclicking,theecholocationsignaltheyuseforfindingfoodunderwater.Thisisthesamereactionnarwhalshavetoorcas,whohuntthem,meaninghuman-madenoisecouldtriggerthecreature’s“threatbutton”.(2023年發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》上的一項(xiàng)研究記錄了獨(dú)角鯨對(duì)巡邏船模擬的石油勘探噪聲的反應(yīng)。科學(xué)家們對(duì)這些生物進(jìn)行了標(biāo)記和追蹤，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們聽到這些聲音后，會(huì)結(jié)束深潛，停止發(fā)出點(diǎn)擊聲，即它們?cè)谒乱捠硶r(shí)使用的回聲定位信號(hào)。這是獨(dú)角鯨對(duì)捕食它們的逆戟鯨做出的同樣反應(yīng)，這意味著人為制造的噪音可能會(huì)觸發(fā)這種生物的“威脅按鈕”)”可知，巡邏船模擬的石油勘探噪聲會(huì)讓獨(dú)角鯨結(jié)束深潛，停止發(fā)出水下覓食時(shí)使用的回聲定位信號(hào)。由此推知，本段暗示了噪音會(huì)改變回聲定位信號(hào)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文，尤其是第一段中“However,expertssaysomepopulationsofnarwhalcouldbeextinctby2025,andit’sallbecauseofnoisepollution.(然而，專家表示，到2025年，一些獨(dú)角鯨種群可能會(huì)滅絕，這都是因?yàn)樵胍粑廴?”可知，文章主要講述了人為噪音對(duì)獨(dú)角鯨生存的威脅。所以A項(xiàng)“SurvivalofNarwhalthreatenedbyman-madenoise(人造噪音威脅獨(dú)角鯨的生存)”是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DThesportyall-electriccarfromtheNetherlandsresemblesaBMWcar,butisunique:Itcapturesmorecarbonthanitemits.“Ourendgoalistocreateamoresustainablefuture,”saidJensLahaije,financemanagerforTU/ecomotive,theEindhovenUniversityofTechnologystudentteamthatcreatedthecar.CalledZEM,forzeroemissionmobility,thetwo-seaterhousesaCleantronlithium-ionbattery(鋰電池)pack,andmostofitspartsare3D-printedfromrecycledplastics,Lahaijesaid.Thetargetistominimizecarbondioxideemittedduringthecar’sfulllifespan,frommanufacturingtorecycling,headded.BatteryelectricvehiclesemitvirtuallynoCO2duringoperationcomparedwithcombustion-engine(燃燒式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))vehicles,butbatterycellproductioncancreatesomuchpollutionthatitcantakeEVstensofthousandsofmilestoachieve“carbonparity(相同)”withcomparablefossil-fueledmodels.“DirectaircaptureisafairlynewmethodofcleaningtheairbycapturingCO2intoafilter(過濾器).Wehavemadeuseofthisinnovativetechnologyandimplementedthisinourcar.Theideaisverysimple:whiledriving,airwillmovethroughourself-designedfiltersandtheCO2willbecapturedandstored.”ZEMusestwofiltersthatcancaptureupto2kilograms(4.41lb)ofCO2over20,000milesofdriving,theEindhoventeamestimated.Theyimagineafuturewhenfilterscanbeemptiedatchargingstations,basedonthefactthatthereisanationwidecharginginfrastructure,whichincludesresidential,commercialandpublicchargersacrossthecountryinstalledbytheEnergyDepartment,automakersandprivatebusinesses.ThestudentsareshowingtheirvehicleonaUSpromotionaltourtouniversitiesandcompaniesfromtheEastCoasttoSiliconValley,hopingtoattractmorefinancialsupport.Itishardtotellwherethefuturewilltaketheelectricvehicles,butitisclearthattheyholdalotofpotentialforcreatingamoresustainablefuture.Intheend,onlytimewilltellwhatroadelectricvehicleswilltakeinthefuture.12.Whatadvantagedoesthenewly-designedcarhave?A.ItlookslikeaBMWcar. B.Itisadrive-lesscar.C.It’sacarbon-eatingelectricvehicle. D.Itpurifiesairautomatically.13.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thefunctionoffilters. B.Thebenefitsofdirectaircapture.C.Theapplicationprospectofthetechnology. D.Theoperatingprincipleofthetechnology.14.Whatproblemdothestudentteamfaceaccordingtothepassage?A.Lackofresearchfund. B.Unpredictableapplicationprospect.C.Nopermissionfromthegovernment. D.Strongobjectionfromthecarcompanies.15.WhatisJensLahaije’sattitudetowardthefutureofthesportyall-electriccar?A.Doubtful. B.Confident. C.Concerned. D.Pessimistic.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。它詳細(xì)介紹了一款來自荷蘭的新型全電動(dòng)汽車的設(shè)計(jì)和特點(diǎn)，包括其獨(dú)特的能夠吸收碳的功能以及使用回收塑料進(jìn)行3D打印的環(huán)保特性?！即鸢浮?2.C13.D14.A15.B【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thesportyall-electriccarfromtheNetherlandsresemblesaBMWcar,butisunique:Itcapturesmorecarbonthanitemits.(這款來自荷蘭的運(yùn)動(dòng)型全電動(dòng)汽車類似于寶馬汽車，但它的獨(dú)特之處在于：它吸收的碳比排放的要多)”以及“Thetargetistominimizecarbondioxideemittedduringthecar’sfulllifespan,frommanufacturingtorecycling,headded.(他補(bǔ)充說，目標(biāo)是將汽車從制造到回收的整個(gè)使用壽命期間的二氧化碳排放量降到最低)”可知，這款新設(shè)計(jì)的汽車能夠吸收比它排放的更多的碳，因此它的優(yōu)勢在于它是一款能夠“吃碳”的電動(dòng)汽車。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段““DirectaircaptureisafairlynewmethodofcleaningtheairbycapturingCO2intoafilter(過濾器).Wehavemadeuseofthisinnovativetechnologyandimplementedthisinourcar.Theideaisverysimple:whiledriving,airwillmovethroughourself-designedfiltersandtheCO2willbecapturedandstored.”ZEMusestwofiltersthatcancaptureupto2kilograms(4.41lb)ofCO2over20,000milesofdriving,theEindhoventeamestimated.Theyimagineafuturewhenfilterscanbeemptiedatchargingstations,basedonthefactthatthereareanationwidecharginginfrastructure,whichincludesresidential,commercialandpublicchargersacrossthecountryinstalledbytheEnergyDepartment,automakersandprivatebusinesses.(“直接空氣捕獲是一種相當(dāng)新的清潔空氣的方法，能夠?qū)⒍趸疾东@到過濾器中。我們利用了這項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)，并將其應(yīng)用到我們的汽車中。這個(gè)想法很簡單：在開車的時(shí)候，空氣會(huì)通過我們自己設(shè)計(jì)的過濾器，二氧化碳會(huì)被捕獲并儲(chǔ)存起來。”埃因霍溫團(tuán)隊(duì)估計(jì)，ZEM使用兩個(gè)過濾器，在20,000英里的行駛中可以捕獲多達(dá)2公斤（4.41磅）的二氧化碳。他們?cè)O(shè)想的未來是，充電站的過濾器可以被清空，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)全國性的充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，包括由能源部、汽車制造商和私營企業(yè)在全國各地安裝的住宅、商業(yè)和公共充電器)”可知，本段主要介紹了直接空氣捕獲技術(shù)的操作原理，即，通過過濾器捕獲二氧化碳。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThestudentsareshowingtheirvehicleonaUSpromotionaltourtouniversitiesandcompaniesfromtheEastCoasttoSiliconValley,hopingtoattractmorefinancialsupport.(學(xué)生們正在美國東海岸和硅谷的大學(xué)和公司進(jìn)行宣傳之旅，希望能吸引更多的資金支持)”可知，學(xué)生們正在美國進(jìn)行宣傳巡回，希望吸引更多的財(cái)政支持，因此可以推斷出他們面臨的問題是缺乏研究資金。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itishardtotellwherethefuturewilltaketheelectricvehicles,butitisclearthattheyholdalotofpotentialforcreatingamoresustainablefuture.Intheend,onlytimewilltellwhatroadelectricvehicleswilltakeinthefuture.(很難說電動(dòng)汽車的未來將走向何方，但很明顯，它們?cè)趧?chuàng)造一個(gè)更可持續(xù)的未來方面具有很大的潛力。最終，只有時(shí)間才能告訴我們電動(dòng)汽車未來將走向何方)”可知，本段提到電動(dòng)汽車有很大的潛力創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更可持續(xù)的未來，而根據(jù)第一段可知，JensLahaije是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理，因此他對(duì)這款運(yùn)動(dòng)型全電動(dòng)汽車的未來應(yīng)該是充滿信心的。因此，他的態(tài)度是自信的。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtobemoreproductiveGettingthingsdoneisn’tworkingalldayat100milesanhour.____16____.Andthefollowingtipscandefinitelyhelpyou.____17____Smallertaskslikeansweringemailsare“shallowwork”.Trytobemoreconsciousofwhatyourshallowtasksare,andgiveyourselfpermissiontoblockthemoutforawhilesoyoucanfocusontheimportanttasksthatrequire“deepwork”.CallitadayForgoodproductivity,bestrictaboutwhenyourworkingdayisover,andwhenyougettotheendofyourplannedworksession,easeyourselfintoamorerelaxedstate.Lookthroughyourunfinishedwork.____18____.Thenclosethattextbookorlaptopandsaysomethingoutloudlike“Shutdowncomplete!”Afterthat?Havesomefun.Giveyourmindtherestit’searned.Findyourtoplevelgoal____19____.Findthebigthingthatwecouldcallyourlife’spurpose,likeinspiringothers,orhelpingpeopleinsociety.Putthatatthetop.Onthenextlevelyou’llhavemid-levelgoalslikepassinganexam.Thegoalsbelow-it-shouldallfeedintoyourtop-level.They’llbesmaller,morepracticalthings—perhapswritinganemail,ordoingsomeresearch.Iftheydon’thelpwithachievingyourtopgoal,thengetridofthem!MakeyourbreakssmarterTime-managementmasterFrancescoCirillosaysthatforevery25minutesofintenseconcentration,youshouldtakefiveofftodonothingatall,whichgivesthebraintimetorecoverandkeepsyourproductivityhigh.____20____.Movearound,stareoutofawindow.A.ShutouttheshallowB.MakeouttheshallowC.FindsomepicturesofkittensandpuppiesfirstD.OrganiseyourprioritiesbymakingapyramidofgoalsE.Inthefive-minutebreaks,don’tjumponyourphoneF.Writeashortplanofhowyou’lltackleittomorrowG.Lookingforwaystodolessandgetmoredoneactuallymakesmoresense【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。主要介紹了關(guān)于如何提高工作效率的實(shí)用建議和方法?！即鸢浮?6.G17.A18.F19.D20.E【16題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Gettingthingsdoneisn’tworkingalldayat100milesanhour.(把事情做好不是整天以每小時(shí)100英里的速度工作。)”以及后文“Andthefollowingtipscandefinitelyhelpyou.(下面的建議絕對(duì)能幫到你。)”可知，G項(xiàng)“Lookingforwaystodolessandgetmoredoneactuallymakesmoresense(尋找少做事、多成事的方法實(shí)際上更有意義)”承接上文，并引出本段主題，符合文意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】分析設(shè)空，為本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Smallertaskslikeansweringemailsare“shallowwork”.Trytobemoreconsciousofwhatyourshallowtasksare,andgiveyourselfpermissiontoblockthemoutforawhilesoyoucanfocusontheimportanttasksthatrequire“deepwork”.(像回復(fù)電子郵件這樣的小任務(wù)則屬于“淺層工作”。試著更清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到你的淺層任務(wù)是什么，并允許自己暫時(shí)把它們放在一邊，這樣你就可以專注于需要“深度工作”的重要任務(wù))”可知，本段主要講述了把淺層任務(wù)放在一邊，專注于主要工作，所以A項(xiàng)“Shutouttheshallow(將淺層工作拒之門外)”為本段小標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Forgoodproductivity,bestrictaboutwhenyourworkingdayisover,andwhenyougettotheendofyourplannedworksession,easeyourselfintoamorerelaxedstate.Lookthroughyourunfinishedwork.(為了提高效率，嚴(yán)格規(guī)定一天的工作時(shí)間，當(dāng)你完成計(jì)劃的工作時(shí)，讓自己進(jìn)入一個(gè)更放松的狀態(tài)。檢查一下你未完成的工作。)”可知，還有未完成的工作，再根據(jù)后文“Thenclosethattextbookorlaptopandsaysomethingoutloudlike“Shutdowncomplete!”Afterthat?Havesomefun.Giveyourmindtherestit’searned.(然后合上課本或筆記本電腦，大聲說“停工完成!”之后呢?玩得開心點(diǎn)。讓你的頭腦得到應(yīng)得的休息。)”可知，后文講述開始休息，所以空處應(yīng)是對(duì)未完成工作的安排，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Writeashortplanofhowyou’lltackleittomorrow(寫一份關(guān)于你明天如何處理它的簡短計(jì)劃)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故選F項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】分析設(shè)空，位于段首，是本段中心句，根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Findyourtoplevelgoal(找到你的最高目標(biāo))”以及后文“Findthebigthingthatwecouldcallyourlife’spurpose,likeinspiringothers,orhelpingpeopleinsociety.Putthatatthetop.Onthenextlevelyou’llhavemid-levelgoalslikepassinganexam.Thegoalsbelow-it-shouldallfeedintoyourtop-level.They’llbesmaller,morepracticalthings—perhapswritinganemail,ordoingsomeresearch.Iftheydon’thelpwithachievingyourtopgoal,thengetridofthem!(找到我們可以稱之為人生目標(biāo)的大事，比如激勵(lì)他人，或者幫助社會(huì)上的人。把它放在最上面。在下一個(gè)階段，你會(huì)有中等水平的目標(biāo)，比如通過考試。下面的目標(biāo)都應(yīng)該為你的最高目標(biāo)服務(wù)。它們將是更小、更實(shí)際的事情——可能是寫一封電子郵件，或者做一些研究。如果它們不能幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)最高目標(biāo)，那就去掉它們!)”可知，本段主要講述設(shè)立目標(biāo)，并且按照優(yōu)先級(jí)去排列，所以D項(xiàng)“Organiseyourprioritiesbymakingapyramidofgoals(通過建立一個(gè)金字塔的目標(biāo)來組織你的優(yōu)先級(jí))”符合本段主題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Time-managementmasterFrancescoCirillosaysthatforevery25minutesofintenseconcentration,youshouldtakefiveofftodonothingatall,whichgivesthebraintimetorecoverandkeepsyourproductivityhigh.(時(shí)間管理大師弗朗西斯科·西里洛說，每集中注意力25分鐘，你就應(yīng)該休息5分鐘，什么都不做，這給了大腦恢復(fù)的時(shí)間，讓你保持高效率。)”可知，E項(xiàng)“Inthefive-minutebreaks,don’tjumponyourphone(在五分鐘的休息時(shí)間里，不要玩手機(jī))”符合本段主題，講述休息的5分鐘要注意的事。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MedhaGuptasometimesfeltworriedmakingthe20-minutewalkfromthecornerwheretheschoolbusdroppedherofftoherhomeinHerndon,Virginia—especiallyduringthecoldermonthsinwinter.Hermother,DivyaGuptahada____21____:writeanapp.Shewashalf-kidding,butMedhatookthechallenge____22____.Soshewenttowork.TheresultwasSafeTravel,anapp____23____byMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmore____24____whentravellingalone.UsingtheiPhone,apersoncanprogrammeittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrustsifheorshe____25____toarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime.ItwasthefirstIOSappthatMedhahadcreated.Whileshedidn’tthinkmuchwouldcomefromtheproject,her____26____caughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge,whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia’s10thDistrict.TheAppChallengeisdesignedtoencourage____27____toconsidercareersinscience,technology,engineering,andmathsby____28____codingandcomputerscience.Winningstudentsare____29____toattendareceptiononCapitolHillinAprilandalsoreceived$250inAmazonWebServicecredits.Medhasaidittookherabout40hourstodesign,____30____andtesttheapp.Asforhernextapp,Medha’snotcertain.She____31____hasherapp-developmenttasksonholdbecauseshe’s____32____teachingherselfAItohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook.Yes,sheknowsthatthereareteamsof____33____probablydoingthesamething.Butshe____34____itcan’thurtherownpart,too.“Ifweseesomething____35____withtheworld,weshoulddosomethingaboutit,”shesaid.“Afterall,theonlyonestoppingusfromdoingsomethingisourselves.”21.A.suggestion B.clue C.perception D.secret22.A.optionally B.seriously C.rudely D.unhesitatingly23.A.recommended B.improved C.bought D.designed24.A.secure B.encouraged C.comfortable D.mystical25.A.attempts B.expects C.fails D.plans26.A.trouble B.effort C.courage D.patience27.A.employees B.competitors C.students D.judges28.A.continuingwith B.copingwith C.contrastingwith D.experimentingwith29.A.required B.invited C.forced D.tempted30.A.programme B.upgrade C.change D.disprove31.A.carelessly B.randomly C.aimlessly D.temporarily32.A.devotedto B.worriedabout C.busyin D.fondof33.A.entrepreneurs B.volunteers C.engineers D.physicians34.A.concludes B.figures C.suspects D.prays35.A.painful B.distressing C.ridiculous D.wrong【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了MedhaGupta設(shè)計(jì)的一款名為“安全旅行”的應(yīng)用程序，它可以幫助行人在獨(dú)自旅行時(shí)感到更安全?！即鸢浮?1.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.D29.B30.A31.D32.C33.C34.B35.D【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的母親DivyaGupta有一個(gè)建議：寫一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。A.suggestion建議；B.clue線索；C.perception感知；D.secret秘密。根據(jù)下文“writeanapp”可知，她的母親給她了一條建議。故選A。【22題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她只是半開玩笑，但梅達(dá)卻認(rèn)真地對(duì)待這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。A.optionally可選擇地；B.seriously認(rèn)真地；C.rudely粗魯?shù)?；D.unhesitatingly毫不猶豫地。根據(jù)空前“Shewashalf-kidding,but”可知，前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，她媽媽在開玩笑，她卻認(rèn)真對(duì)待。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：其結(jié)果是“安全旅行”，這是一款由Medha設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用程序，旨在幫助步行者在獨(dú)自旅行時(shí)感到更安全。A.recommended推薦；B.improved改進(jìn)；C.bought買；D.designed設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)上文“ Hermother,DivyaGuptahada

_____:writeanapp.Shewashalf-kidding,butMedhatookthechallenge

_____.Soshewenttowork.”可知，這款應(yīng)用程序是由Medha設(shè)計(jì)的。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：其結(jié)果是“安全旅行”，這是一款由Medha設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用程序，旨在幫助步行者在獨(dú)自旅行時(shí)感到更安全。A.secure安全的；B.encouraged受到鼓舞的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.mystical神秘的。根據(jù)上文“TheresultwasSafeTravel”可知，這款應(yīng)用程序的名字叫“安全旅行”，故它旨在幫助步行者在獨(dú)自旅行時(shí)感到更安全。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：利用iPhone，人們可以設(shè)定如果自己在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)未能到達(dá)目的地，就向信任的人發(fā)出警告。A.attempts嘗試；B.expects期望；C.fails失??；D.plans計(jì)劃。根據(jù)空前“apersoncanprogrammeittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrusts”及空后“toarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime”可知，一個(gè)人如果內(nèi)未能在一定時(shí)間到達(dá)目的地，就向信任的人發(fā)出警告。failtodo意思為：做某事失敗。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然她認(rèn)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)帶來太多成果，但她的努力引起了一年一度的國會(huì)應(yīng)用程序挑戰(zhàn)賽評(píng)委的注意，他們將她選為弗吉尼亞州第十選區(qū)的獲勝者。A.trouble麻煩；B.effort努力；C.courage勇氣；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)空后“caughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge,whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia’s10thDistrict.”可知，她對(duì)于發(fā)明的努力，讓她被選為弗吉尼亞州第十選區(qū)的獲勝者。故選B。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：應(yīng)用程序挑戰(zhàn)大賽旨在鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生通過試驗(yàn)編碼和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)來考慮科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的職業(yè)。A.employees員工；B.competitors競爭者；C.students學(xué)生；D.judges裁判。根據(jù)下文“Winningstudent