高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語課件（新高考新教材）專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞

核心語法必備專題二非謂語動(dòng)詞英語內(nèi)容索引要點(diǎn)精講?破疑解難對點(diǎn)演練?精準(zhǔn)提升要點(diǎn)精講?破疑解難重點(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語、表語和賓語1.非謂語動(dòng)詞中能做主語的有動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語時(shí)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)詞不定式做主語時(shí)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。(2)it可做形式主語,代替真正做主語的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。常見的句型有Itis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth;It’sawasteoftimedoingsth;It’s+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth等。2.非謂語動(dòng)詞中能做表語的有動(dòng)詞-ing形式、動(dòng)詞-ed形式和動(dòng)詞不定式。注意:動(dòng)詞-ing形式做表語時(shí),意為

“令人感到……的”,而動(dòng)詞-ed形式做表語時(shí),意為

“本身感到……的”。3.非謂語動(dòng)詞中能做賓語的有動(dòng)詞-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式(1)跟動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)有beg,offer,wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,want,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。(2)跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式做賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)有suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practise,risk,keep,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,finish,miss,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。重點(diǎn)二非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語考點(diǎn)

1

動(dòng)詞不定式做定語

用法例句todo做定語表示將來的動(dòng)作;tobedone做定語表示將來且被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作Theproblemto

be

discussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上將要討論的這個(gè)問題非常重要。動(dòng)詞不定式可修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或由no,all,any等限定的中心詞,且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系Heisalwaysthefirstto

arriveattheschoolandthelastto

leavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校,最后一個(gè)離校。用法例句被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語。該類名詞有,idea,ability,chance,hope,attempt,way,fact,promise,wish等Theabilityto

expressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同樣重要。考點(diǎn)2

分詞做定語

1.分詞形式做定語的用法

形式用法例句動(dòng)詞-ing被修飾的名詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示被修飾詞的特征Hefoundheracharminggirl.他發(fā)現(xiàn)她是位迷人的姑娘。beingdone被修飾的名詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Thehousesbeing

builtarefortheteachers.正在建的那些房子是為老師們建的。形式用法例句done被修飾的名詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞做定語,只表示完成不表示被動(dòng)“Thingslostnevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.我不禁自言自語道:“失去的東西不會(huì)再來!”fallenleaves落葉

2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做定語時(shí)的比較

形式用法示例現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行

過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成重點(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語考點(diǎn)

1

動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語

用法例句做目的狀語,有時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式前可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能用于句首Thebusstoppedso

as

topickuppassengers.公共汽車停下來以便搭載乘客。做結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,常用于結(jié)構(gòu)onlytodo,enoughtodo,too...todo,so/such...todoWehurriedtothestation,only

to

be

toldthatthetrainhadleft.我們急匆匆地趕到車站,結(jié)果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。用法例句常與表示情緒的形容詞,如anxious,happy,frightened,surprised等連用,表示引起某種情緒的原因YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwasto

seeheryesterday.你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道我昨天見到她有多高興。在

“主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+todo”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)詞不定式做修飾性狀語,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有easy,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant等Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto

sit

on.這把椅子看上去很硬,但實(shí)際上坐上去很舒服?？键c(diǎn)

2

分詞做狀語

分詞做狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語是句子的主語,一般在句中做時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、方式、條件、伴隨、讓步等狀語。

用法例句現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語時(shí),與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國已經(jīng)修建了更多的公路,這讓人們從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方旅行變得更容易。(做結(jié)果狀語)過去分詞做狀語時(shí),與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果小心使用,一罐可以用六個(gè)星期。(做條件狀語)提示(1)某些過去分詞(短語)已經(jīng)形容詞化,它們既不表示被動(dòng),也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài),如lost,seated,hidden,lost/absorbedin,dressedin,tiredof等。Absorbed

inthebook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.他全神貫注地看書,沒有注意到我進(jìn)了房間。(2)獨(dú)立成分做狀語時(shí),其形式不受上下文的影響。常用的有considering...,generallyspeaking,judgingby/from...,supposingthat...,providingthat...,owingto...,talking/speakingof...,given...,providedthat...,totellthetruth,tobehonest等。命題特點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞做補(bǔ)語考點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞不定式做補(bǔ)語

用法例句有些動(dòng)詞(短語)后可接不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語,即

“動(dòng)詞(短語)+賓語+todo”,如advise,want,allow,permit,persuade,remind,invite,dependon,callon等Fatheradvised

me

to

saysomething.父親建議我說點(diǎn)什么。常用動(dòng)詞不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語的句型有sb/sthbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendone...Heis

said

to

have

been

found

inthestreet.據(jù)說他在大街上被找到了。提示常考的分詞做補(bǔ)語的幾種情況:(1)感官動(dòng)詞(組),如see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的有三種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,即do/doing/done。do表示主動(dòng)(在被動(dòng)句中需要還原to);doing表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行;done表示被動(dòng)或完成。AsIgotcloser,Isaw

him

kickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.當(dāng)我走近時(shí),我看見他的腿在空中亂踢,呼吸沉重。(2)表示

“使,讓”的動(dòng)詞,如make/let/keep/have/get/leave+賓語+補(bǔ)語

結(jié)構(gòu)to

dodoingdonemake/let+賓語do×√keep+賓語×√√have+賓語havesbdosth意為“讓某人做某事”;havesthtodo意為“有某事要做”,todo做后置定語√(表示主體使客體處于某種狀態(tài)或一直做某事)√(表示讓別人做某事或讓某事被做)get+賓語√√√leave+賓語√√√Clairehad

her

luggage

checkedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí),克萊爾將行李進(jìn)行了安檢。(3)with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):with+n.+doing(主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)/done(被動(dòng)、完成)/todo(目的、將來)。Without

anyone

noticing,Iwentintotheroom.我走進(jìn)了房間,沒有人注意到。重點(diǎn)五常考固定句式中的非謂語形式考點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞不定式用于固定句式中

用法例句主語+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+todo結(jié)構(gòu),這類形容詞有easy,cheap,comfortable,impossible等,表示主語的特性或性質(zhì),不定式和句子主語之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Inmyview,the

book

is

very

hard

to

understand.依我看,這本書很難理解。Itis/was+adj.+forsbtodosth結(jié)構(gòu),做表語的形容詞表示事物的性質(zhì),如difficult,important,necessary等It

is

difficult

for

us

to

finishwritingthecompositioninanhour.我們難以在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)寫完這篇作文。用法例句Itis/was+adj.+ofsbtodosth結(jié)構(gòu),做表語的形容詞表示人物的特征,如honest,foolish,nice等It

was

generous

of

him

to

offertopayforus.他主動(dòng)為我們付錢真是大方。主語+belikelytodosth結(jié)構(gòu),表示

“……可能做某事”Tickets

are

likely

to

beexpensive.入場券可能很貴。Ittakes(sb)sometimetodosth結(jié)構(gòu),表示

“(某人)花時(shí)間做某事”It

takes

about

half

an

hour

to

gettotheairport.到機(jī)場大概需要半小時(shí)。疑問詞(who,what,where,when,how等)+todo結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等Hedidn’tknowhow

to

work

outthequestion,soheaskedtheteacherforhelp.他不知道如何解這道題,因此他向老師求助?？键c(diǎn)2

動(dòng)詞-ing形式用于固定句式中

用法例句It’snogood/nouse/nofun/nopleasuredoingsth做某事沒好處/沒用處/沒意思/不高興It

is

no

use

complainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒有用的。It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth做某事沒用/值得It

is

worthwhile

makinganappointmentbeforeyougo.你去之前預(yù)約一下是值得的。It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth做某事浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/錢It

is

a

waste

of

time

talkingwithsuchastubbornman.和如此固執(zhí)的人交談浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。用法例句spend/wastetime/money(in)doingsth花時(shí)間/錢做某事Ispent

too

much

time

watchingtelevision.我看電視花的時(shí)間太多了。havedifficulty/trouble/fun(in)doingsth做某事有困難/費(fèi)力/好玩Ihave

difficulty(in)makingmyselfunderstood.我很難讓別人理解我的意思。對點(diǎn)演練?精準(zhǔn)提升Ⅰ.單句語法填空2.Myexperienceawakenedmetonotonlythelimitations

(place)onourselves,butalsoouramazingabilitytoadapt.

3.Anancienttemple

(date)backtotheQingDynastywasdestroyedinflames,

(cause)concernsabouttheeffectiveprotectionofculturalremains.

4.Redorprocessedmeatcanincreaseyourchancesof

(get)thisdisease.

toproduceplaced

datingcausing

getting

5.Onteaplantations,

(pull)theleaveseasily,peoplecutthembacktoabushofaboutametreinheight.

6.Thegiantpanda,also

(know)asthepandabearorsimplypanda,isabearnativetosouthcentralChina.

7.However,mostofthefiresthisyeararebelieved

(cause)bythosefarmers,whousefireasatraditionalwaytocleanland.

topullknown

tobecausedⅡ.微語法填空1.Poetryisabeautifulartform.Itspowerliesintheability①_________

(transform)ordinaryexperiencesbycapturingamomentoremotion.②_____

(write)poetryisaprivilegeandstruggle.Thatispartlybecauseweneedtocreateourselvesinanewwayof③

(observe)theworld.Mostofourtimeatthedeskisspent④

(struggle)withourimagination,andweknowthatasuccessfulpoemarrivesonthebackoffailure.Therearemomentswhenanideawillnottranslateontopaper.Yet,failureisgood,becauseevery⑤

(abandon)linewepainstakinglyremovepreparesusfortheripepoemaroundthecorner.

①答案

to

transform

解析

ability后常用動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語,