兒童生長發(fā)育對(duì)照表

兒童生長發(fā)育對(duì)照表表1中國0?18歲男童體重參照值(kg)年齡組下等中下等中等中上等上等初生2.542.923.303.684.061月?3.844.475.105.736.362月?4.725.446.166.887.603月?5.406.196.987.778.564月?5.946.757.568.379.185月?6.267.148.028.909.786月?6.747.688.629.5610.508月?7.198.199.1910.1911.1910月?7.578.619.6510.6911.7312月?8.089.1210.1611.2012.2415月?8.489.5910.7011.8112.9218月?8.8710.0611.2512.4413.6321月?9.3110.5711.8313.0914.352.0歲?10.0111.2912.5713.8515.132.5歲?10.9012.2313.5614.8916.223.0歲?11.4012.9114.4215.9317.443.5歲?12.2713.8215.3716.9218.474.0歲?12.6914.4616.2318.0019.774.5歲?13.3615.3017.2419.1821.125.0歲?14.0816.2118.3420.4722.605.5歲?14.8817.1319.3821.6323.886.0歲?15.7718.3720.9723.5726.177.0歲?15.2519.3023.3527.4031.45年齡組下等中下等中等中上等上等初生2.482.843.203.563.921月?3.674.244.815.385.952月?4.445.095.746.397.043月?5.025.726.427.127.824月?5.516.267.017.768.515月?5.996.767.538.309.076月?6.207.108.008.909.808月?6.717.688.659.6210.5910月?7.118.109.0910.0811.0712月?7.428.479.5210.5711.6215月?7.999.0410.0911.1412.1918月?8.439.5410.6511.7612.8721月?9.0110.1311.2512.3713.492.0歲?9.5810.8112.0413.2714.502.5歲?10.3111.6412.9714.3015.633.0歲?11.1512.5814.0115.4416.873.5歲?11.9013.4214.9416.4617.984.0歲?12.4514.1315.8117.4919.174.5歲?13.0414.9216.8018.6820.565.0歲?13.9015.8717.8419.8121.785.5歲?14.3616.5818.8021.0223.246.0歲?15.2617.8120.3622.9125.467.0歲?15.0818.7022.3225.9429.56年齡組下等中下等中等中上等上等初生47.048.750.452.153.81月?52.354.656.959.261.52月?55.658.060.462.865.23月?58.460.763.065.367.64月?60.762.965.167.369.55月?62.464.767.069.371.66月?64.466.869.271.674.08月?67.069.572.074.577.010月?69.472.074.677.279.812月?71.974.677.380.082.715月?74.777.580.383.185.918月?76.579.682.785.888.921月?79.282.485.688.892.02.0歲?82.385.789.192.595.92.5歲?86.389.893.396.8100.33.0歲?89.493.196.8100.5104.23.5歲?92.696.4100.2104.0107.84.0歲?95.599.6103.7107.8111.94.5歲?98.9103.0107.1111.2115.35.0歲?102.1106.3110.5114.7118.95.5歲?104.7109.2113.7118.2122.76.0歲?108.5113.2117.9122.6127.37.0歲?112.5118.2123.9129.6135.3年齡組下等中下等中等中上等上等初生46.648.249.851.453.01月?51.753.956.158.360.52月?54.656.959.261.563.83月?57.259.461.663.866.04月?59.461.663.866.068.25月?60.963.265.567.870.16月?62.865.267.670.072.48月?65.668.170.673.175.610月?68.170.773.375.978.512月?70.373.175.978.781.515月?73.376.178.981.784.518月?75.878.781.684.587.421月?78.581.584.587.590.52.0歲?81.384.788.191.594.92.5歲?84.888.492.095.699.23.0歲?88.792.395.999.5103.13.5歲?91.695.499.2103.0106.84.0歲?95.098.9102.8106.7110.64.5歲?97.8102.0106.2110.4114.65.0歲?101.6105.7109.8113.9118.05.5歲?103.9108.4112.9117.4121.96.0歲?108.1112.6117.1121.6126.17.0歲?111.7117.2122.7128.2133.7

男童女童年齡組下平均值上等下平均值上等初生31.934.3±1.236.731.533.9±1.236.31月?35.538.1±1.340.735.037.4±1.239.82月?37.139.7±1.342.336.538.9±1.241.33月?38.441.0±1.343.637.740.1±1.242.54月?39.742.1±1.244.538.841.2±1.243.65月?40.643.0±1.245.439.742.1±1.244.56月?41.544.1±1.346.740.443.0±1.345.68月?42.545.1±1.347.741.544.1±1.346.710月?43.045.8±1.448.642.444.8±1.247.212月?43.946.5±1.349.143.045.4±1.247.815月?44.547.1±1.349.743.646.0±1.248.418月?45.247.6±1.250.044.146.5±1.248.921月?45.548.1±1.350.744.546.9±1.249.32.0歲?46.048.4±1.250.845.047.4±1.249.82.5歲?46.649.0±1.251.445.648.0±1.250.43.0歲?47.049.4±1.251.846.248.4±1.150.63.5歲?47.449.8±1.252.246.448.8±1.251.24.0歲?47.550.1±1.352.746.749.1±1.251.54.5歲?47.850.4±1.353.047.049.4±1.251.85.0歲?48.350.7±1.253.147.349.7±1.252.15.5歲?48.550.9±1.253.347.650.0±1.252.46.0?7.0歲48.951.3±1.253.747.750.3±1.352.9常用的小兒生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)有：體重、身高、頭圍、胸圍。一、體重體重是反映小兒生長發(fā)育的最重要也是最靈敏的指標(biāo)。因?yàn)轶w重反映孩子的營養(yǎng)狀況，尤其是近期的營養(yǎng)狀況。體重可以受多種因素如：營養(yǎng)、輔食添加、疾病等的影響。體重在出生頭3個(gè)月增長最快，一般為月增長600?1000克，最好不低于600克。3?6個(gè)月次之，一般月增長600?800克。6?12個(gè)月平均每個(gè)月增長300克。1歲后小兒生長速度明顯減慢，1?3歲小兒平均每個(gè)月體重增長150克。1歲后小兒的體重可用以下公式計(jì)算：體重〔kg〕=年齡〔歲〕又2+7〔或8〕二、身長身長也是小兒生長發(fā)育的重要指標(biāo)，但它反映的是長期營養(yǎng)狀況，短期內(nèi)影響生長發(fā)育的因素〔營養(yǎng)、疾病等〕對(duì)身長影響不明顯。它主要受遺傳、種族和環(huán)境的影響較為明顯。身長的增加同體重一樣，也是在生后第一年增長最快，平均年增長25厘米。第二年平均增長10厘米，第三年平均增長4?7.5厘米。幼兒期孩子的體型由嬰兒期的肥墩型向瘦長型轉(zhuǎn)變。這期間軀干稍長些，下肢稍短些。幼兒期后，四肢的增長逐漸快于軀干的增長。一歲以后平均身長的公式為：身長〔cm〕=年齡〔歲〕x5+80〔cm〕。小兒的身長與體重都可以用國際衛(wèi)生組織的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)價(jià)。三、頭圍頭圍是反映孩子腦發(fā)育的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。頭圍在生后第一年增長最快。出生時(shí)頭圍平均34cm；1歲時(shí)平均46cm；第二年增加2cm,第三年增長1?2cm。3歲時(shí)頭圍平均為48cm,已與成人相差不很多了。由此可看出，腦發(fā)育主要在生后頭3年。正常小兒后囟門3個(gè)月閉合，前囟門1歲?1歲半閉合。過遲閉合要考慮有無佝僂病的可能。有的孩子出生時(shí)囟門就較小,閉合也會(huì)早些。這與母親孕期營養(yǎng)狀況較好有關(guān)。因此要綜合看待這個(gè)問題,如果沒有超量服用魚肝油或超量服用及注射維生素D,一般問題不大。需要注意的是，并非像人們所想像的那樣：孩子頭越大越聰明,聰明與否和頭圍大小并不成正比。孩子