Unit1Honestyandresponsibility詞匯講解課件高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）選擇性

選擇性必修四第一單元詞匯講解（一）1.barelyadv.僅僅，勉強(qiáng)可能；幾乎不，幾乎沒(méi)有；剛好，不超過(guò)；剛才，剛剛【即學(xué)即練】一詞多義1)The

music

was

barely

audible.___________2)There

was

barely

any

smell.__________3)They

arrived

barely

a

minute

later.___________4)I

had

barely

started

speaking

when

heinterrupted

me._________勉強(qiáng)幾乎沒(méi)有不超過(guò)剛剛你能總結(jié)“一...就...”的表達(dá)方式嗎？同義詞:merely;simply（僅僅）hardly;scarcely（幾乎不）詞性：●bareadj.赤裸的；光禿禿的；基本的；勉強(qiáng)的v.使裸露barely...when...剛...就/一...就●on/upon＋名詞/動(dòng)名詞●at+the+名詞(sight/thought/mention...)of...(一看到／想到／提到…就…)●assoonas●themoment/minute/second/instant●instantly/immediately/directly

●nosooner....than....●hardly/scarcely/rarely/barely....when....主句從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did)一....就連詞介詞

Icalledherassoonas/themoment/immediatelyIarrivedattheairport.

I

had

barely

started

speaking

when

heinterrupted

me.

Barely

hadIstarted

speaking

when

heinterrupted

me.主句構(gòu)成部分倒裝had+主語(yǔ)＋doneUpon/On(myarrival)arrivingattheairport,Icalledher.Atthesightofthesnake,hecouldn’thelpcrying.同義詞：date;engagement（約會(huì)）

詞性:●appoint.vt.任命,委派（工作，角色）;約定（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)）●appointed

adj.約定的，指定的

【拓展】make/haveanappointmentwith與某人約會(huì)byappointment按照約定appointsb+as/tobe

....任命某人擔(dān)任...

to任命某人到...任職todosth委派某人做某事2.appointmentn.約會(huì)，約定；任命，委任；職務(wù)【即學(xué)即練】1.I

have

an

appointment

Dr.

Smith,

but

I

need

to

change

it.2.At

this

time,

the

judge

will

appoint

a

court

lawyer

(defend)

the

suspect

if

he

can’t

afford

one.

3.He

holds

an

(appoint)

in

the

English

Department

at

present.

4.He

wasappointed

captain

ofthebasketballteam.5.Whoshallweappoint

thechairmanshipoftheclub？6.Everythinghadits

(appoint)placeand

time.withtodefendappointmentasappointedto3.teardown拆毀，拆除

(tore;torn)【即學(xué)即練】tearup/tearoneselfawayfrom/tearapart/teardown/tearat1)Themusictookmethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstoryaboutayoungcouple________________bytheirfamilies.2)Theyplanto_____________theoldbuildingtomakewayforanewmuseum.3)She_________________

all

the

letters

he

had

senther.4)He

_________________

the

meat

with

his

bare

hands.5)Dinner's

ready,

if

you

can

_____________________

the

TV.【拓展】tearapart使(關(guān)系密切的人)分離,分開(kāi)tearsbapart使不快;使擔(dān)心tearsth.apart撕毀;撕碎tearatsth.撕裂;扯開(kāi);撕破

tearoneself/sth.

awayfromsth.依

依不舍地離開(kāi);忍痛離去;把…拿走tearsth.up撕毀，撕碎（文件)等intears流著淚tornapartteardowntore

uptore

attear

yourselfaway

from4.keenadj.靈敏的,敏銳的(=sharp);渴望,熱切,熱衷于(=eager);著迷的,有強(qiáng)烈興趣的；激烈的

【拓展】

haveakeeneyefor對(duì)...有敏銳的眼力

bekeentodosth渴望做某事bekeenon(doing)sth渴望;熱切;熱衷;對(duì)...有強(qiáng)烈興趣

【即學(xué)即練】1)Dogshave__________________(敏銳的嗅覺(jué)).2)My

friend

_________________(對(duì)...有敏銳的眼力)

a

bargain.3)Wewonthecontestinthefaceof________________(激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)).4)Hetoldmethathe_______________(很想幫忙).5)_________________________________________(得知你對(duì)中國(guó)文化很感興趣),Iamwritingtoinviteyoutojoininit.akeensenseofsmellhasakeeneyeforwaskeentohelpKnowingthatyouarekeenonChineseculture5.makeone’sfortune發(fā)財(cái)fortune

n.財(cái)富,運(yùn)氣---

adj.幸運(yùn)的----

adv.幸運(yùn)地---

adj.不幸的---

adv.不幸地---n.不幸;厄運(yùn);不幸的事故fortunatefortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelymisfortunemakeforsth向…移動(dòng);促成makesb/sthout看清;辨清makeup組成;編造;彌補(bǔ);化妝makeupforsth彌補(bǔ);補(bǔ)償makesense有道理,有意義,講得通makethemostof充分利用有關(guān)make的短語(yǔ)：【拓展】makeafortune發(fā)財(cái),賺大錢(qián)

tryone’sfortune碰運(yùn)氣seekone’sfortune外出找出路

tellyourfortune算命【即學(xué)即練】makeit

makeupfor

makethemostof

makeone’sfortune

makeone’swayto

makeadifference

Makeyourwayto

tomakemyfortunetomakeupfortomakethemostoftomakeadifferencetomakeit

6.losecontact失去聯(lián)系

【即學(xué)即練】1)Shehas

_______________

(與...失去聯(lián)系)her

son.2)I

finally

_________________(與...取得聯(lián)系)her

in

Paris.3)He’d

prefer

a

job

where

he

doesn't

haveto

be

____________________(與...直接接觸)

the

public.keepincontactwith與...保持聯(lián)系losetouch失去聯(lián)系losetouchwith與...失去聯(lián)系lost

contact

withmade

contact

withindirectcontactwith7.reliableadj.可依賴(lài)的，可依靠的；真實(shí)可信的，可靠的(=dependable)

【拓展】relyon=dependon=counton依賴(lài),依靠;信任,信賴(lài)relyonsb./sth,todosth.依靠/信賴(lài)某人/某物做某事relyonitthat...=dependonitthat...相信,指望...berelianton/upon依靠，依賴(lài)【反】unreliableadj.不可靠的；靠不住的詞性：reliablyadv.可靠地;確實(shí)地reliabilityn.可靠性reliantadj.依賴(lài)性的;依靠的(=dependent)relyv.相信,依賴(lài);依靠,依賴(lài)

reliancen.依靠,信任reliableonitrelianttoorganize【拓展】Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth

做某事是值得的詞性：worthadj.價(jià)值…的;值得的,具有…價(jià)值的n.價(jià)格,價(jià)值;重要性,作用;能用的東西beworth(doing)sth.

值得做某事worthyadj.值得的,應(yīng)得的;好的beworthyofbeingdone

值得做某事beworthytobedone

【即學(xué)即練】1.Idon’tthink_______worthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclubbecausehe’llonlyrefuse.2.Thedelicatedesignofthecarsmadeitworthwhileforbuyers_________(buy)thematahigherprice.beingconsidered.Itisworthwhiletoconsider

theproposal.considering

theproposal.Theproposalisworthyofconsideration.tobeconsidered.consideration.considering.Theproposalisworthtobuyit8.worthwhileadj.值得花時(shí)間的，重要的，令人愉快的9.suspectv.疑有，覺(jué)得n.嫌疑犯，可疑對(duì)象（復(fù)數(shù)：suspects）詞性：suspectedadj.有嫌疑的suspectableadj.值得懷疑的suspicionn.懷疑suspiciousadj.感覺(jué)可疑的;懷疑的;多疑的

【拓展】suspect...as...懷疑······為····suspectsb(ofsth/ofdoingsth)懷疑（某人有罪）【即學(xué)即練】1)_____________(suspect)nothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.2)WhatIsuspectedwas______________hewasarealpoliceman.3)Heresignedafter_________________(suspect)oftheft.4)Thedrugissuspected_______causingover200deaths.5)Theybecame______________(suspect)of/abouthisbehaviorandcontactedthepolice.Suspectingwhetherbeingsuspectedofsuspicious“vt+sb+ofsth”結(jié)構(gòu)warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的某種疾病informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事ridsbofsth使某人擺脫某事【即學(xué)即練】1)My

brother

was

arrested

drunk

driving.2)It

is

reported

that

the

driver

of

the

truck,

considered

to

be

fully

responsible

for

the

accident,

has

been

(被逮捕).3)It

was

when

the

specialist

discussed

with

the

panel

that

the

initiative

(引起他的注意).【拓展】under

arrest

被逮捕arrest

sb.

for

sth.因某事逮捕某人arrest

one’s

attention吸引某人的注意力(=attract/draw/catchone’sattention)forunderarrestarrestedhisattention10.arrestn.&vt.逮捕，拘捕

；吸引（注意力）11.anyhowadv.不過(guò)，總之

（=anyway）；盡管；而且；隨便地

【即學(xué)即練】1)Iwasn’tqualifiedtoapplyforthejobreallybutIgotit_______.2)Thepriceis_________higherthanIexpected.3)However,afterIwenttohighschool,_________Ibecamedistantfromhim.somewhatsomehowanyhow【拓展】

somehowadv.不知怎的somewhatadv.有點(diǎn)，稍微

(tosomedegree)12.innocentadj.無(wú)辜的,清白的,無(wú)罪的;天真無(wú)邪的,純真的

n.無(wú)辜者,單純的人【即學(xué)即練】1)Thecourtfoundhim________(innocence)andhewasreleased.2)Hewassurethatthemanwasinnocent______anycrimeandhewasnotacriminalatall.3)Iaskedifshewasmarriedinall____________（innocent）.innocentofinnocenceadj(-ent)frequentefficientconsistentsufficient...n(-cy)frequencyefficiencyconsistencysufficiency...【拓展】beinnocentofsth無(wú)辜的；清白的；無(wú)罪的inallinnocence完全沒(méi)有惡意

詞性：innocentlyadv.純潔地；無(wú)罪地

innocencen.天真，單純；清白，無(wú)罪13.burdenn.(責(zé)任、義務(wù)等的)重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)vt.(使)擔(dān)負(fù)【拓展】aburdenon/to...是...的負(fù)擔(dān)bear/carry/ease/reduce/sharetheburden承受/擔(dān)負(fù)/減輕/減少/分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)burdensb/oneself(withsth.)使...擔(dān)負(fù)...;裝載...beburdenedwithsth.負(fù)重;為...所累beartheburdenburdened

themselves

withto/onBurdened

with

twoheavy

suitcases選擇性必修四第一單元詞匯講解（二）1.resignvt&vi.辭職,辭去;放棄;使聽(tīng)從;委托

/?rez?ɡ?ne??n/【即學(xué)即練】1)We

had

to

resign

ourselves

to

________(make)

aloss

on

the

sale.2)Sam

was

_________

tothefactthathewouldneverbepromoted.3)There

were

calls

for

her

__________(resign)fromtheboardofdirectors.4)“We’llhavetoleave,”shesaidwitha________(resign)sigh.【拓展】resignfromsth./resignassth.辭職;辭去(某職務(wù))resignoneselfto(doing)sth.聽(tīng)任;只好接受;順從beresignedto(doing)sth無(wú)奈地接受某事物a

letter

of

resignation辭職信makingresignationresignedresigned

詞性：resignedadj.順從的;已辭職的;已放棄的resignationn.辭職;辭職信,辭呈;順從,聽(tīng)任;(棋)認(rèn)輸recognizev.—recognitionn.recognizationn.2.guiltyadj.感到內(nèi)疚的,感到慚愧的(ashamed);有罪的(反：innocent),有過(guò)失的(guiltier,guiltiest)

【拓展】feel/beguiltyabout/for對(duì)...感到內(nèi)疚/慚愧beguiltyof

犯有...罪；有...過(guò)失asenseofguilt內(nèi)疚感詞性：guiltn.內(nèi)疚;罪行；罪責(zé)(U)（vt.）guiltlessadj.無(wú)罪的,無(wú)辜的;沒(méi)有…的,不知…的guiltilyadv.內(nèi)疚地;有罪地【即學(xué)即練】1)I

_____________________

(感到很內(nèi)疚)leaving

her.2)Many

survivors

were

left

with

_______________(內(nèi)疚感)。3)Ionlywentbecauseshe________________it.我是受到她的蠱惑才去的。4)The

jury

found

the

defendant

not

___________the

offence.陪審團(tuán)裁決被告無(wú)罪。5)

________________________(滿(mǎn)懷愧疚)，IrushedtoapologizetoTom.(非謂語(yǔ))feel

very

guilty

abouta

sense

ofguiltguiltedmeintoguiltyof

Filled/Consumedwithguilt3.ashamedadj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬【拓展】

be/feelashamedof/that...對(duì)...感到羞愧beashamedtodosth因慚愧而不情愿；羞于shamen.羞恥,羞愧;羞恥心,羞恥感;讓人遺憾的事Whatashame!多可惜!真丟臉!【即學(xué)即練】用shame,ashamed,shameful,shameless填空The_________manfeltno________andnoregret，whichmadehiswife

deeply_________ofhis_________behaviouratthe

party.shamelessshamefulshameashamed詞性：

shamefuladj.丟臉的，可恥的（近disgraceful）（事件）shamelessadj.無(wú)恥的(人)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)情感描寫(xiě)之“慚愧/羞愧/尷尬”形容詞ashamed,embarrassed,awkward,

embarrassing,shameful,shamefaced

...必備單詞高級(jí)詞塊名詞/動(dòng)詞embarrassment,awkwardness,shame,embarrass...●with/inshame羞愧地●feelbloodrush/rushingtoone’sface感到臉陣陣發(fā)燙●feellikesittingonpinsandneedles/actasaratonthehotbrick如坐針氈/如熱鍋上的螞蟻●dropdown/duckdown/lowerdownone’sheadwithembarrassment/shame尷尬/羞愧地低下了頭●sbbeoverwhelmed/overcome/seized/burdened/consumed/wildwithshame羞愧極了Shewasashamed.她感到羞愧。①她羞愧地低下了頭。(肢體動(dòng)作)Shewassoembarrassedthatshestoodthereclumsily,feelingthebloodrushingtoherface.②她感到很尷尬，笨拙地站在那里，感到血涌到了臉上。(神態(tài)描寫(xiě))Alltheairseemedtodisappearandshefeltasifthewholeworldwaswatchingher.④所有的空氣似乎都消失了，她覺(jué)得整個(gè)世界都在注視著她。(夸張)

Herfacewasflushed,herheadwashanginggently,andtearswereshiningfromthecornersofhereyes.③她的臉上泛起了紅暈，頭輕輕地垂著，眼角上閃著淚光。

(面部表情+肢體動(dòng)作)句子升級(jí)4.cheatvt.欺騙，蒙騙vi.作弊，舞弊【即學(xué)即練】1)Sheisaccusedofattempting__________thetaxman.2)Anyone

caught

_________(cheat)will

beautomatically

disqualified

from

theexamination.3)Many

people

feel

________

(cheat)by

the

electionprocess.4)Thesalesman_____________________(騙我買(mǎi))afake(贗品).5)_______________________________他騙取了這份工作。cheatingcheated【拓展】cheatsb(out)ofsth.騙取某人某物;阻止

某人得到某物cheatsbintodoingsth.哄騙某人做某事catchsbcheating

當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人正在做某事Hecheatedhiswayintothejob.tocheatcheatedmeintobuying5.forgivevt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原諒，寬??；免除(債務(wù))【拓展】forgivesb/oneselffor(doing)sth原諒某人(做了)某事forgivesbsth.原諒/寬恕某人某事forgiveadebt/loan免除債務(wù)forgiveandforget既往不咎;不念舊惡【即學(xué)即練】1)I'll

never

__________________________.我絕不會(huì)原諒她做的事。2)________________________(請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖虿?,butIreallydon'tagreewiththat.3)Hebegged_______________(forgive)forwhathehaddone.4)Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconciling(調(diào)和)themarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.A.payingforB.givingawayC.writingoffD.tearingdownforgive

her

for

what

she

didForgivemeforinterruptingforgiveness詞性forgivenessn.

寬恕;寬仁之心

forgivingadj.寬宏大量的,寬容的

forgivableadj.可原諒的,可寬恕的6.disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的詞性：disappointv.(使)失望;使破滅,使落空

disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望disappointedlyadv.失望地【拓展】bedisappointedat/bysth.對(duì)某事感到失望bedisappointedwith/insb.對(duì)某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而感到失望bedisappointedthat....因....而感到失望Whatdisappoints/disappointedsb.mostis/wasthat...最令某人失望的是····adisappointingresult一個(gè)令人失望的結(jié)果toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地disappointeddisappointingindisappointmentWhatdisappointsusmostto

be

chosenwere

disappointed

at

7.pretendvi.&vt.假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認(rèn)為【即學(xué)即練】(1)Whenhismothercamein,hepretended___________(do)hishomework.(2)Marypretended_____________(finish)herhomeworkandwentouttoplaywithherclassmates.(3)我在街上見(jiàn)到她時(shí)，她裝作不認(rèn)識(shí)我，這確實(shí)使我很傷心。(一句多譯)①Shepretended__________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademeupset.(賓語(yǔ)從句)②Shepretended_________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademe

upset.(不定式)【拓展】

pretendtodosth假裝做某事pretendtobedoingsth假裝正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth假裝做過(guò)某事pretendthat...假裝...pretendoneselfto/as自詡為···pretendern.冒牌者;妄求者;妄提要求者pretendedadj.假裝的;虛假的tobedoingtohavefinishedshedidn’tknowmenottoknowme8.mercyn.仁慈,寬恕;幸運(yùn),恩惠

【即學(xué)即練】1)Havinglostenginepower,thecrewontheboatfoundthemselves________________(任由...擺布)thewind.2)

____________(mercy),theyarrivedontime.3)一句多譯：這位女士很善良，并且她對(duì)貧困的孩子很仁慈。Thewomanisverykindandshe_________________________

thepoorchildren.(mercy

n．)Thewomanisverykindandshe_____________________thepoorchildren.(merciful

adj.)【拓展】atthemercyof任…處置,對(duì)…無(wú)能為力leavesb/sthtothemercy/merciesofsb/sth聽(tīng)任某人可能受苦或受到虐待(而無(wú)能為力)throwyourselfonsb’smercy指望某人能夠善待或?qū)捤∽约篴sk/begformercy請(qǐng)求/乞求寬恕havemercyon/showmercyto對(duì)…憐憫withoutmercy殘忍地;毫不留情地It'samercythat......真是萬(wàn)幸mercifuladj.寬大的,仁慈的;帶來(lái)幸運(yùn)的,給人解脫的mercifullyadv.仁慈地；幸運(yùn)地bemercifulto...對(duì)...仁慈mercilessadj.殘忍的;無(wú)慈悲心的ismercifultohasmercyon/showsmercytoatthemercyofMercifully9.faultn.過(guò)錯(cuò),責(zé)任;弱點(diǎn),缺點(diǎn)；缺陷,毛病【即學(xué)即練】1)I

think

the

owners

are

_________（有責(zé)任）for

not

warning

us.2)Shewashighlyself-criticalandalso_______________(挑剔)herfriends.3)__________________(不是他的過(guò)失)heisnotfamiliarwiththecustomshere.Afterall,hehasbeenhereforonlyaweek.4)Ask

for

a

refund(退款)

if

the

goods

are

________(fault).5)The

book's

virtues

far

outweigh

its________(fault).foundfaultwithat

faultItisnothisfaultthatfaultsfaulty【拓展】findfaultwith挑剔;批評(píng);抱怨findfaultin看出…的缺點(diǎn);找出…的毛病

beatfault有過(guò)錯(cuò);有責(zé)任詞性：faultyadj.有故障的，有缺陷的;(思維方法)有錯(cuò)誤的faultlessadj.完美的；無(wú)缺點(diǎn)的10.virtuen.美德；正直的品性;優(yōu)點(diǎn)【即學(xué)即練】1)The

plan

_________________simplicity.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)單。2)She

got

the

job_____________(憑借)her

greaterexperience.has

the

virtue

of

by

virtue

of【拓展】by/invirtueof依靠(bymeansof);由于

(=dueto/owingto/onaccountof/becauseof...)havethevirtue