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秘籍03閱讀理解.詞義猜測(cè)題
目錄
高考預(yù)測(cè)考查概率預(yù)測(cè);難度預(yù)測(cè);考向預(yù)測(cè)
應(yīng)試秘籍??碱}型解題技法分析
典例剖析單題訓(xùn)練(文體分類)篇章模考題訓(xùn)練
誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥常見錯(cuò)點(diǎn)梳理習(xí)題訓(xùn)練鞏固
名校模擬2023最新省市聯(lián)考真題考點(diǎn)綜合訓(xùn)練
高考預(yù)測(cè)
概率預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆
難度預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆
①記敘文的考查(重點(diǎn)句的把握)
考向預(yù)測(cè)②說明文的考查(文章結(jié)構(gòu);誰明對(duì)象)
③議論文的考查(中心論點(diǎn)的把握)
應(yīng)試秘籍
1.利用代入法來猜測(cè)詞義
將備選答案逐一代入文中,看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能使句意通順、連貫,且與上下文內(nèi)容一致,注意被猜詞和正
確選項(xiàng)的感情色彩要契合。
示彳列:Turnoffyourcomputer.Thecomputerwilldistractyoufromyourjobathand-listening.
44.Theunderlinedword“distract“inthe6thparagraphmeans“____________2
A.使擔(dān)憂B.使放松C.使分心D.使冷靜
分析:從感情色彩契合方面考慮,由原文“TurnofΓyourcomputer.”可排除B、D項(xiàng)。把A、C項(xiàng)的意思
分別代入原文中,“計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)讓你在工作中分心”更通順、連貫,故選C.
2.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)來猜測(cè)詞義
示例:Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicsch∞linChinesehistory.Atthattimeonly
childrenfromnoblefamiliescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryoneshouldgotoschoolifthey
wantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.
48.Theunderlinedword“noble"inParagraph3hastheclosestmeaningto.
A.poorB.brightC.wealthyD.cute
分析:畫線的單詞是noble,根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,當(dāng)時(shí)只有富裕家庭的孩子可以去上學(xué),但孔子相信每一個(gè)
人都應(yīng)該去上學(xué),由此可知noble和wealthy意義最接近,故選C.
3.據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等邏輯關(guān)系來猜測(cè)詞義
示例:Scientistsusedtobelievethatpeopletamedcatstocatchmiceandprotectthegrain.However,catsdon,t
liketobetoldwhattodo!
54.Whatdoestheunderlinedword??tamed"meaninChinese?
A.驅(qū)散B.捕捉C,馴化D.引進(jìn)
分析:根據(jù)下句“However,CatSdon'tliketobetoldwhattodo!”中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的However可知,前后兩句意
思相反,故tamed與betoldwhattodo意思相同,故選C.
4.根據(jù)上下文語境來猜測(cè)詞義
示例:Isitpossibletobebornshy?Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly.
Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly,theseshybabiesusuallyhave
shyparents.Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.
51.Whatdoestheunderlinedword??genetic,'inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Passeddownfromparents.
B.Learnedfromfriends.
C.Taughtbyteachers.
D.Madeupbybrothers.
分析:由畫線單詞上一句中的“。theseshybabiesusuallyhaveshyparents.,,∏T?ΓI,這些害羞的嬰兒的父母
通常也很害羞,所以,畫線的單詞指“父母身上繼承而來的。故選A.
5.通過句法功能來猜測(cè)詞義
示例:VanuatuisanislandnationintheSouthPacific.Itisoneofthesmallestcountriesintheworld.Butfor
thosewhoareinterestedinadventureandsport,thereisalottodo.Vanuatu'sislandsoffervisitorstwoofthemost
excitinganddangerousactivitiesintheworld:volcano(火山)surfingandlanddiving.
61.InLine2,whatdoestheword??those,,mean?
A.People.B.Animals.C.Activities.D.Islands.
分析:定語從句whoareinterestedinadventureandsport修飾先行詞IhoSe.關(guān)系代詞Who指人,其先行
詞those也應(yīng)指人,故選A.
6.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義
英語中有大量的單詞是通過合成或加前綴、后綴形成的,因此運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法來判斷生詞的意義是一種快
速、有效解決詞匯障礙的方法。前綴往往是改變?cè)~義的,如:dislike,UnhappyJnexpensive,impossible等表示
否定意義;后綴往往是改變?cè)~性的,如:POIitely,invention,teacher等。
7.利用同義詞或反義詞猜測(cè)詞義
有時(shí)作者為了使自己的意思表達(dá)得更清楚明白,通常用一個(gè)或多個(gè)同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或英文解
釋來說明文中一個(gè)比較難的詞或關(guān)鍵詞。通過我們熟悉的單詞或解釋,用已知的知識(shí)就不難推斷出生詞的
詞義。
穹[篌區(qū)支校
答題第一步:I瀏覽題干及選項(xiàng),標(biāo)注定位詞。(見題干及選項(xiàng)標(biāo)線處)
答題第二步:I帶著問題通讀全文,標(biāo)注4類詞:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、概念等名詞(用紅色底紋表示),極端詞
和程度詞(用藍(lán)色底紋表示),態(tài)度詞和語氣詞(用粉色底紋表示),邏輯詞和關(guān)系詞(用綠色底紋表示)。
anmcreasιnnumberofpeoplearealwayslookingattheirtheirheadsdown.These
peoplearecalledthe"Heads-downTribe(低頭族)Areyouaheads-downtribemember?
membersnowcanbeseeneverywhere.
MoreandmoreHBBarehappeningbecausemoredriversusemobilephoneswhentheyare
driving.Inordertomakedriverspaymoreattentiontodriving,sometrafficruleshavebeenmade.For
example,peoplewhousemobilephoneswhiledrivinginarefined(罰款)。
whobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNT$1,000respectiVeIy(分另IJ地)。
Aswecanseeabove,usingmobilephonesmaycauseaccidentsandevenCOSeaIotOfmoney.Also,moreand
moreintere?t^?and卜Ildn/factshappentothe?tHeads-downTribe".Let,shavealookataninterestingTVreport.
keptusinghismobilephoneonhiswayhome.Asaresult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.When
heliftedhiseyesfromthephone,hewassoafraidthatheturnedaroundandranawayquickly.Anotherfactisthat
wecanoftenseepeopleinthe^^^^leatingfacetofacebutlookingattheirownmobilephones.It'sstrangethat
theydon'ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.Someofthemevenhavefuncommunicating
withothersonthephone.
Mobilephonesare∣elplιι∣andtoolsformodernlife.Aremobilephonesgoodorbad?Ildependson
howpeopleusethem.Let'sbe*lhcalthy,,usersandtrytobethe
如今,一個(gè)總是低頭看手機(jī)的群體出現(xiàn)了,人數(shù)呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)。這些人被稱作“低頭族”。
你是一名低頭族嗎?低頭族如今到處可見。
由于越來越多的駕駛員開車使用手機(jī),交通事故的發(fā)生越來越頻繁。為了使駕駛員更加專心地駕駛汽
車,各地制定了一些新的交通法規(guī)。例如,在臺(tái)灣,人們?cè)隈{駛過程中使用手機(jī)會(huì)被罰款.那些違反交通
法規(guī)的汽車駕駛員和摩托車駕駛員將分別被罰款新臺(tái)幣3000元和IoOO元。
從上面可以看出,使用手機(jī)可能會(huì)造成交通事故,甚至?xí)冻鲆淮蠊P錢。同樣地,越來越多的有趣、
新奇的事情發(fā)生在“低頭族”身上。讓我們來看一則有趣的電視報(bào)道。一名美國(guó)人在回家的路上不停地使用著
手機(jī)。結(jié)果他撞上了一只迷路的熊。當(dāng)他把目光從手機(jī)上面移開抬起頭(看到熊)時(shí),他嚇得趕緊轉(zhuǎn)身,
飛速跑走了。另一個(gè)情況就是,我們常??吹饺藗?cè)诓蛷d里面對(duì)面坐著吃飯,但每個(gè)人的目光卻都落在自
己的手機(jī)上。像他們這樣在吃飯時(shí)不與面對(duì)面坐著的人講話的現(xiàn)象非常奇怪。其中一些人甚至充滿興趣地
與手機(jī)上其他人交流著。
手機(jī)在現(xiàn)代人的生活中是很有幫助且不可或缺的工具。手機(jī)究竟是好是壞?這就要取決于人們?cè)撛趺?/p>
使用它們了。讓我們做“健康的”手機(jī)使用者,努力成為“抬頭族
答題第三步:I根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)定位詞找回原文,將選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比、歸納,確定答案。
答題第四步:I核對(duì)答案,反思錯(cuò)題。
61.Aheads-downtribemember.定位到第一段第二句
A.isgoodatusingtheInternet
B.isadangerousdriver
C.isalwayslookingathisorhermobilephone
錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選B.第二段大篇幅描寫開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)導(dǎo)致越來越多的車禍發(fā)生,因此誤認(rèn)為B項(xiàng)是
正確答案。其實(shí)仔細(xì)看第二段就會(huì)明白,車禍的發(fā)生與駕駛員開車時(shí)看手機(jī)有關(guān)。若把B項(xiàng)代入題干則成
了“低頭族是危險(xiǎn)的駕駛員“,而“低頭族”概念在第一段已經(jīng)給出,是“總是低頭看手機(jī)的一個(gè)群體“,故B項(xiàng)
與原文不符。
正確解答:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段前兩句可知,“低頭族”是總是看手機(jī)的一群人,故選C.
62.Theunderlinedword“motorcyclists”inthepassagemeansinChineSe.定位到第二段最后一
句
A.摩托車手
B.手機(jī)使用者
C.低頭族
錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選B.文章講的是總是低頭看手機(jī)的人,易忽視語境、盲目猜測(cè)此處表示“手機(jī)使用者”。
正確解答:A
詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段后半部分”...peoplewhousemo-bilephoneswhiledrivinginTaiwanarefined.Car
driversandmotorcyclistswhobreakthetrafficrulewillbefinedNT$3,000andNTS1,000respectively.“可知,前一
句是說在臺(tái)灣開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的駕駛員會(huì)被罰款,下一句又講了兩種違反交通法規(guī)的人將被罰,其中and
為并列連詞,其前后的詞應(yīng)是并列的。既然CardriVerS意為“汽車駕駛員“,那么motorCyeliStS也應(yīng)為“……駕
駛員結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,motorCyCliStS意為“摩托車手
63.TheAmericanwaswhenheknockedintothebear.定位到第三段中間部分
A.drivingacar
B.goingtowork
C.usinghismobile
正確解答:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中間兩句"AmaninAmericakeptusinghismobilephoneonhisway
home.Asaresult,heknockedintoabiglostbear.”可知,當(dāng)他撞到熊時(shí),他一直目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地使用手機(jī),故選C.
64.Accordingtothepassage,theuHeads-downTribe“Whentheyeatinarestaurant.定位至IJ第三
段倒數(shù)第二、三句
A.lookattheirownmobilephones
B.don'ttalktothepeoplewhositopposite
C.bothAandB
錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選A.忽視C項(xiàng)的意思,看到A項(xiàng)正確就草率地選出答案。
正確解答:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二、三句"Anotherfact..bUtlOOkingattheirOWnmobilePhones.
Ifsstrangethattheydon,ttalktotheoneswhositoppositetothemduringthemeal.”可知,A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都是低頭
族在餐廳時(shí)的表現(xiàn),故選C.
65.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Driveyourcarcarefully
B.Usemobilephonesproperly
C.Beaheads-downtribemember
錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選C文章開頭就提到heads-downtribe了,誤認(rèn)為這就是文章的主題,忽視最后一段的
意思。
正確解答:B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要描述了“低頭族”現(xiàn)象,并舉例說明了這一現(xiàn)象引
發(fā)的問題,最后呼吁讀者做“抬頭族”,做"健康的”手機(jī)使用者。由此可知,B項(xiàng)能概括本文主旨,適合做標(biāo)
題。
答題第五步:I整理詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句,并將需要積累的內(nèi)容整理在學(xué)霸筆記本上。
長(zhǎng)難句分析:Anotherfactisthatwecanoftenseepeopleintherestauranteatingfaceto
主語謂語that引導(dǎo)表語從句
facebutIookinBaltheirownmobilephones.
現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語
另一個(gè)情況就是,我們常??吹饺藗?cè)诓蛷d里面對(duì)面坐著吃飯,但每個(gè)人的目光卻都落在自己的手機(jī)
上。
句法分析:句中that引導(dǎo)表語從句;Seesb.do/doingsth.意為“看見某人做/正做某事”。seesb.dosth.強(qiáng)
調(diào)看見動(dòng)作的全過程,seesb.doingsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
學(xué)名喉槿刎
1.(2023秋?福建三明?高三統(tǒng)考期末)Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenea
long-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohis
loverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘?。?
Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovie
Titanic,therehavebeenmany??doortheories,?AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecould
havebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?
InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(復(fù)制品)ofthewooden
piecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose,slifejackettothebottomofthedoorto
strengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.
However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack,shigh
temperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepoint
themoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.
ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum,s
websitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum,sTitaniccollectionwhichwas
knownasthe“door"usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRose
ontopcouldwork,butnotifJack,sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.
Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn,tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveof
hislife.
1.What,sthepurposeofparagraph1?
A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie.C.Toraiseaquestion.D.Tohighlightcharacters.
2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?
A?Thedevelopmentoftheplot.B.Aphysicsexperiment.C.Thethemeofthemovie.D.Aheateddebate.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked“inparagraph4mean?
A.Confirmed.B.Opposed.C.Approved.D.Concerned.
4.Wecaninferthatthemovie,sendingis.
A.UnrealisticB.confusingC.reasonableD.suψrising
【答案】?.A2.B3.B4.C
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》最早上映20多年后,出現(xiàn)「許多“門理論”,
認(rèn)為杰克可以活下來,而科學(xué)已經(jīng)證明電影的結(jié)局是合理的。
1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenea
long-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohis
loverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘骸).(《泰坦尼克號(hào)》是一部20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)典愛情電
影,其中的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景是一個(gè)持久的電影鏡頭:杰克松開手,沉入冰冷的海水中,給他的愛人羅斯留下了生
存的機(jī)會(huì),羅斯最終在木門殘骸上幸存下來。)”及下文對(duì)此場(chǎng)景的討論可推斷,本段的目的是引出話題。故
選Ao
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexact
replica(復(fù)制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose,slifejacketto
thebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.(?——個(gè)電視
節(jié)目,主持人杰米和亞當(dāng)甚至做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)用的一個(gè)木制的復(fù)制品的電影,和兩個(gè)證明,如果他們把羅斯
的救生衣綁在門的底部以加強(qiáng)它的浮力,他們會(huì)設(shè)法保持漂浮。戶可知,杰米和亞當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論是基于他們所做
的物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B。
3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句"whendirectorCamcronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack,shigh
temperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.(因?yàn)榭仿?dǎo)演說冰凍的水和杰克的高溫不
可能讓救生衣解決問題。)“可知,杰米和亞當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論被推翻了。所以debunked為“揭穿真相,暴露,推翻”
之意。OPPoSe“反對(duì)”是近義詞,故選B。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Unibrtunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontop
couldwork,butnotifJack,sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.(不幸的是,碎片的大小加上羅斯在上面的重量可
能會(huì)起作用,但如果加上杰克的額外重量就不行了。)“可推斷,這部電影的結(jié)局合理的。故選C。
2.(2023秋?黑龍江哈爾濱?高三哈師大附中??计谀¦henyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicturetall,
rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat,snottrue.
TheSubnival(亞冰雪的)regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeasthe
areasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasawhole.
Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmental
conditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthat
separateareaswithpermanentsnow(wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear)fromareaswithseasonal
ornosnow.
Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000meters
abovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000
metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.
Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimeseven
flowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberetreating,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthattheregion
isbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.
Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersare
reducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingof
glaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,
providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.
Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.
5.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?
A.Byexplainingconcepts.B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.
C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.D.Bylistingspecificdata.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreating“meaninParagraph5?
A.Disappearing.B.Lengthening.C.Withdrawing.D.Widening.
7.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?
A.Thesnowlinemovesup.B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.
C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter.D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.
8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging.B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.
C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas.D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.
【答案】5.A6.C7.B8.D
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球氣候變化,喜馬拉雅山區(qū)的植被都
在增加等情況。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthe
treelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundaries
onmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow(wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear)from
areaswithseasonalornoSnoW.(樹木生長(zhǎng)線是樹木能夠生長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的邊緣,在樹木生長(zhǎng)線之外的環(huán)境條件
過于艱難,無法讓樹木生長(zhǎng)。同時(shí),雪線是山上的邊界,將長(zhǎng)期降雪的地區(qū)(全年大部分時(shí)間有降雪)與
季節(jié)性或無降雪地區(qū)分開)“可推知,本段介紹了林木線以及雪線,并分別進(jìn)行了解釋,因此是通過做解釋展
開第三段內(nèi)容的。故選A。
6.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstobe”以及后文"whilethetreelineis
expanding樹木生長(zhǎng)線正在擴(kuò)大)”可知,這里的while表示對(duì)比,因此說明前面的雪線正在后退。故畫線詞
意思是"后退A.DiSaPPearing.消失;B.Lengthening.加長(zhǎng);C.WithdraWing.后退;D.Widening.變寬。故選
Co
7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Inthepast40years,25%ofailHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobal
warming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledin
thisdecade.(在過去的40年里,由于全球變暖,25%的喜馬拉雅冰川已經(jīng)消失。喜馬拉雅冰川每年減少約
0.5米。冰川融化的速度在這十年里翻了一番戶可知,氣候變暖直接導(dǎo)致喜馬拉雅山冰川融化加快。故選Bo
8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween
4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcover
wasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000metersand5,500meters.(研究人員利用1993年至2018年的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù),測(cè)量了
海拔4150米至6(X)0米之間的植物覆蓋面積。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),海拔5(X)0米到5500米之間的植被覆蓋增加
最多戶結(jié)合文章主要介紹了研究人員們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球氣候變化,喜馬拉雅山區(qū)的植被都在增加等情況。故D
選項(xiàng)“植物在喜馬拉雅山蔓延”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選Do
3.(2023?天津南開?南開中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè))Lastyear,apopularrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily
dininginit,withoutaskingtheirpermission.Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowed
theirobjection,buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedto
silencethefamily,sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebate
ontheviolationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts.
Itdoesn'tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecordedbycamerasandshownthroughlive
streamsondifferentonlineplatforms.Theymayevenenjoyappearingonscreensandcooperatewithsome
businesses.Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemorepublicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichis
theirpurposeofwebcasting.However,othersincludingthefamilymentionedabove,areagainstit.Thefamily
thoughtthattheirportraitrightswereviolated,consideringnoonehadaskedifitwasokaytousetheimagesof
them.Theyfoundintolerablethattheiractionscapturedbythecamerawerewebcastlivetomillionsofviewers,not
tomentionthefactthatsomeofthemwerenotsodecent.Thustheydemandedanapologyfromrestaurant.
Peoplemaybehaveinarelaxedwaywheneatingorresting,andtheydon,twantotherstoseetheminthisway.
Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersforcommercialreasons,theyhaveviolated
customersportraitrights.
Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportraitrights,whichisgetting
increasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfortechnicalconvenience,
However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbedonetomakesure
webcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople,slegalrights.
9.Whatisthemajorissuearguedinthepassage?
A.Afamousrestaurantpublishedalivestreamofafamilydininginit.
B.Thefamilyshowedtheirobjectiontothefamousrestaurant'swebcast.
C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.
D.Therestaurantclaimedthatthefamilywasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2referto?
A.Customersenjoyappearingonscreens.
B.Customerscooperatewithsomebusinesses.
C.Customersareshownthroughlivestreamsonline.
D.Customersareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras.
11.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayviolatecustomers*privacyandportraitrights?
A.Businesseswebcastcustomersliveaccordingtotheiragreement.
B.Businesseswebcastcustomersforcommercialreasonsandpaythem.
C.Businesseswebcastcustomersimproperactionswiththeirpermission.
D.Businesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithoutinformingthem.
12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisincreasing
B.Afamousrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamily
C.Howcanpeoplebehaveinarelaxedwaywhenhavingarest
D.Adebateonwhetherwebcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights
13.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardwebcasts?
A.Objective.
B.Negative.
C.Positive.
D.Subjective.
【答案】9.C10.C11.D12.D13.A
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一家餐廳在未經(jīng)顧客同意的情況下,把顧客吃飯的視頻通過直播的
形式傳播到不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái),這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私和肖像權(quán)的辯論。
9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowedtheirobjection,
buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedtosilencethefamily,
sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant,simage.Thiseventhascausedadebateontheviolationof
privacyandportraitrightsbyWebCaStS.(在發(fā)現(xiàn)餐廳的所作所為后,這家人表達(dá)了他們的反對(duì)意見,但餐廳對(duì)
此置之不理,堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這么做。此外,他們還試圖讓這家人閉嘴,說他們的行為損害了餐廳的形
象。這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論)”可知,本文主要講述了關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵
犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論。選項(xiàng)C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.(餐
廳無視反對(duì)意見,堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這么做)正是人們辯論的話題,符合文意。故選C。
10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Itdoesn,tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecorded
bycamerasandshownthroughlivestreamsondifferentonlinePIatformS.(當(dāng)一些人的照片被相機(jī)無意識(shí)地記錄
下來,并在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)上直播時(shí),這并不會(huì)讓他們感到困擾)”及"Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemore
publicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichistheirpurposeofWebCaSting.(這樣,餐廳可以有更多的
公眾曝光率,從而吸引更多的顧客,這就是他們網(wǎng)播的目的)”可推知,此處that指代的就是“通過直播形式
把記錄的東西上傳到網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,選項(xiàng)CZtCustomersareshownthroughlivestreamsOnIine.(顧客被通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播出
現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上戶與文意相符。故選C。
11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersfor
commercialreasons,theyhaveviolatedcustomersportraitrights.(因此,從法律的角度來看,如果企業(yè)出于商業(yè)
原因?qū)蛻暨M(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播,就侵犯了顧客的肖像權(quán))”可知,企業(yè)未經(jīng)客戶許可,出于商業(yè)目的,對(duì)顧客進(jìn)行
網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播就侵犯了客戶的肖像權(quán)。選項(xiàng)DfBusinesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithout
informingthem.(企業(yè)在沒有通知顧客的情況下,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播他們放松的行為廣會(huì)侵犯顧客的隱私權(quán)和肖像
權(quán)。故選D。
12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowedtheirobjection,
buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedtosilencethefamily,
sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebateontheviolationof
privacyandportraitrightsbyWebCaStS.(在發(fā)現(xiàn)餐廳的所作所為后,這家人表達(dá)了他們的反對(duì)意見,但餐廳對(duì)
此置之不理,堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這么做。此外,他們還試圖讓這家人閉嘴,說他們的行為損害了餐廳的形
象。這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論)”可知,本文主要講述了餐廳上傳顧客吃
飯的視頻到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的事件引發(fā)了人們關(guān)于網(wǎng)路直播侵犯隱私和肖像權(quán)的辯論。由此可知,Adebateonwhether
webcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights(一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播是否侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論)適合做本文最
佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
13.推理半U(xiǎn)斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportrait
rights,whichisgettingincreasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfor
technicalconvenience,However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbe
donetomakesurewebcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople'slegalrights.(在未經(jīng)他人同意
的情況下,網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播他人相當(dāng)于侵犯肖像權(quán),隨著手機(jī)網(wǎng)播技術(shù)的普及,這種現(xiàn)象越來越普遍,然而,公
眾對(duì)隱私保護(hù)的意識(shí)仍然落后。應(yīng)該采取更多措施,確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,同時(shí)不侵犯人們的合法
權(quán)利)”可知,作者在此處是客觀地評(píng)價(jià)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播應(yīng)該所持有的原則,未曾闡述自己對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)
度。故選A。
4.(2023春?上海?高三同濟(jì)大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)??茧A段練習(xí))MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshave
beenkilledbywildcats.ThesePredatOr(撲食者),whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennative
wildlife-andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwere
previouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehascomeupwith
adifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgiving
feline(貓科的)-awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinherintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomake
themcat-conscious.
ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcat-freehabitat.Thiswill,
however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Training
themigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasproved
expensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswitha
scatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,
cat-riddenhomes.
Shetestedthisideaonatypeofbandicoot(袋貍)thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraised
twohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearly
identicalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Sheleftanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,
giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.
AftersomePredatiOn(撲食)andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootfromeachenclosure,attached
radiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethen
monitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutcomewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40daystenofthe
untrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshe
noticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredator-freeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethan
werethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhenarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthat
haveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprov
reasonforhope.
14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Thefeline-awarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.
B.TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.
C.Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.
D.Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbygrowingpopulation
15.Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto
A.Australianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareas
B.Thewildcatstrackingdownthemammals
C.Wildanimalsinvolvedintheprogram
D.Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers
16.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?
A.Theywerebothcloselymonitored.
B.T
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