2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空 說(shuō)明文課件（共52張）

完形填空專題三第3講說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理或事物的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果等進(jìn)行介紹、解釋、說(shuō)明的一種文體。與記敘文相比，說(shuō)明文類完形填空的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確，常采用客觀描述，其主題明確，層次分明。高考說(shuō)明文類完形填空往往在文章的開頭就點(diǎn)明說(shuō)明對(duì)象，從而為同學(xué)們把握文章主題提供了有利條件。而且，作者借助合理的說(shuō)明順序展開文章，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，層次分明。解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象，理清段落關(guān)系。通讀全文，明確作者是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面對(duì)其加以說(shuō)明的。在閱讀過(guò)程中要概括、總結(jié)每一段說(shuō)明的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，理清各段之間的關(guān)系，加深對(duì)說(shuō)明對(duì)象的理解。解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀弄清說(shuō)明順序，把握作者態(tài)度。在說(shuō)明的過(guò)程中作者會(huì)選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序?qū)φf(shuō)明對(duì)象進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。把握了說(shuō)明順序就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加深對(duì)整篇文章的理解。常見的說(shuō)明順序有時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序(如因果關(guān)系、果因關(guān)系、先主后次等)和認(rèn)識(shí)順序(如由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，還要注意反映作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，把握作者的寫作情感和意圖。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.典例導(dǎo)入(2022·全國(guó)乙改編)語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們玩捉迷藏時(shí)，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。Forthem，there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout1someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.1.A.following B.takingC.escaping D.directingfollow跟隨；take取走；escape避開；direct指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“makingoneselfunabletobeseen”可知，此處表示兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C項(xiàng)。√Butwewitnesspreschoolchildrenareremarkably2athiding.2.A.clever B.badC.scared D.quickclever聰明的；bad不擅長(zhǎng)的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands，leavingtherestoftheirbodies

.”可知，他們經(jīng)常只是用手捂住眼睛，而其余身體部分無(wú)遮蔽，因此兒童不擅長(zhǎng)隱藏。bebadatsth表示“不擅長(zhǎng)某事”。故選B項(xiàng)?！蘐heyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands，leavingtherestoftheirbodies3.3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalancedexposed無(wú)遮蔽的；examined已檢查過(guò)的；untouched未受影響的；imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)上文可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無(wú)遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項(xiàng)?！蘁oralongtime，thisineffectivehidingmethodwas4asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.

4.A.supported

B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpretedsupport支持；guarantee保證；imagine想象；interpret解釋。根據(jù)下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric’(自我中心的)creatures”可知，此處表示這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為一種證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項(xiàng)。√Butoursurprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

5

thatidea.5.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.testedexplain解釋；confirm證實(shí)；contradict相矛盾；test測(cè)試。根據(jù)前面的But可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。故選C項(xiàng)?！蘔ebroughtchildrenaged2－4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each6satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor7.6.A.parent B.childC.researcher D.doctor7.A.feet B.noseC.hands D.ears√√6.parent父(母)親；child兒童；researcher研究員；doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2－4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，此處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B項(xiàng)。7.foot腳；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根據(jù)下文“orheartheadult”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項(xiàng)。Wethenaskedthechildifshecould8orheartheadult.Surprisingly，childrenrepliedtheycouldn’t.8.A.see B.helpC.reach D.foolsee看見；help幫助；reach到達(dá)；fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處指兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能看見成年人。故選A項(xiàng)?！藺numberof9ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.9.A.instructions B.descriptionsC.experiments

D.assumptions句意：許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題。instruction指令；description說(shuō)明；experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；assumption假設(shè)。故選C項(xiàng)?！蘐heresultswereclear：Ouryoungsubjects10thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.10.A.comprehended B.predictedC.explored D.ignoredcomprehend理解；predict預(yù)測(cè)；explore探索；ignore忽略。根據(jù)下文“andknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem”可知，兒童理解了問(wèn)題，并確切知道自己被問(wèn)了什么。故選A項(xiàng)?！蘐heir11tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue12that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme，too.”Theysimply13mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.11.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity12.A.ability B.beliefC.identity D.purpose13.A.holdback B.relatetoC.insiston D.makeup√√√11.response回答；approach方法；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；sensitivity敏感性。根據(jù)上文“Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

orheartheadult.Surprisingly，childrenrepliedtheycouldn’t.”可知，此處表示孩子們對(duì)于問(wèn)題的回答。故選A項(xiàng)。12.ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpose目的。根據(jù)下文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme，too.”可知，此處表示孩子們真正的看法。故選B項(xiàng)。13.holdback阻止；relateto與……有關(guān)聯(lián)；insiston堅(jiān)持；makeup彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme，too.”可知，孩子們的看法體現(xiàn)了他們堅(jiān)持相互的承認(rèn)和尊重。故選C項(xiàng)。Our14suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead，it’snotaresultofegocentrism.14.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findingslimitation限制；requirement必要條件；theory理論；finding調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2－4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，此處指實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。√Actuallychildrenconsiderthismethod15whenothersuseit.15.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effectivetentative不確定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative創(chuàng)造性的；effective有效的。根據(jù)上文“Theysimply

mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.”可知，孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重，所以當(dāng)其他人使用這種方法時(shí)，孩子會(huì)認(rèn)為它是有效的。故選D項(xiàng)。√文本分析中心思想通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們玩捉迷藏時(shí)只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)與尊重。寫作要素youngchildren，hideandseek，cover，exposed，contradictthatidea，experiments，results，mutualrecognition，effective寫作目的文章展現(xiàn)的主題語(yǔ)境為“人與自我”，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為“認(rèn)識(shí)自我”。技法七依常識(shí)，定答案完形填空的語(yǔ)篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己掌握的生活常識(shí)和文化背景知識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。Here，insouth-eastEthiopia，hand-carvedbeehives(蜂箱)areplacedinthe42.treetops.Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften43.43.A.urgent B.dangerousC.expensive D.pointless真題體驗(yàn)1

(2023·浙江1月)√(1)生活常識(shí)urgent緊急的；dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；expensive昂貴的；pointless毫無(wú)意義的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在樹頂上，采摘蜂蜜很難并且經(jīng)常也很危險(xiǎn)。故選B。It’sgoodtoeatthingsatthecorrecttime，whenthey’re58，andascloseaspossibletowheretheywere59.58.A.onview B.onsaleC.inseason D.inneed59.A.finished B.storedC.found D.grown真題體驗(yàn)2

(2023·全國(guó)甲)√√58.onview在展出；onsale出售；inseason應(yīng)季的；inneed在困難中。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，“吃應(yīng)季的和盡可能靠近產(chǎn)地的東西”是正確的做法。故選C。59.finish完成；store貯存；find找到；grow種植，生長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，“吃應(yīng)季的和盡可能靠近原產(chǎn)地的東西”是正確的做法。故選D。Robertaappearedonthestage.Shetookadeepbreathandbeganto16.speak.NowshewasPortia，astrong-willed17inShakespeare’sThe

Merchant

of

Venice.Thetheatrewasfilledwithpeople.Shewasspeakingwithapowershehadneverbeforeexperienced，thewordsflowing18.smoothlyfromher.17.A.member B.actressC.player

D.character真題體驗(yàn)3

(天津)(2)文化背景√表示小說(shuō)或戲劇中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故選D。技法八

破難句，解句意完形填空的說(shuō)明文中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長(zhǎng)句或難句，而它們往往會(huì)影響一些答案的選擇。這時(shí)就要在理解上下文邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上有針對(duì)性地對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句子特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，準(zhǔn)確理解句意，明確所填選項(xiàng)在句中的語(yǔ)法功能，從而做出正確判斷。第1、4、14題便是長(zhǎng)難句。George，thehusband，wastryingtobecalm，butIcouldtellthiswas48forhim，48.A.hard B.fine

C.common

D.lucky真題體驗(yàn)(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)hard困難的；fine好的；common常見的；lucky幸運(yùn)的。本句句式較為復(fù)雜，“but”連接轉(zhuǎn)折并列句，“havingtoleave...”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上文“wastryingtobecalm”以及下文“havingtoleavehisdogtoa

andtrustthateverythingwould

”可推知，此處指把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人對(duì)主人來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選A?！蘦avingtoleavehisdogtoa49andtrustthateverythingwould50.49.A.co-worker B.passengerC.stranger D.neighbor50.A.speedup B.workoutC.comeback D.takeoff√√49.co-worker合作者；passenger乘客；stranger陌生人；neighbor鄰居。本句句式較為復(fù)雜，“but”連接轉(zhuǎn)折并列句，“havingtoleave...”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“George，thehusband，wastryingtobecalm，butIcouldtellthiswas

forhim”可知，此處指把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人。故選C。50.speedup加速；workout解決；comeback回來(lái)；takeoff起飛。本句句式較為復(fù)雜，“but”連接轉(zhuǎn)折并列句，“havingtoleave...”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上文可知，讓狗的主人George把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人并相信一切都會(huì)解決好，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選B。(2023·河北邯鄲一模)Theterm“theimaginaryaudience”wasinventedbyAmericanchildpsychologistDavidElkindin1967.隨堂演練語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在“假想觀眾”的誤導(dǎo)下，青少年的一些反應(yīng)和做法。Itisdefinedasanadolescent’spsychologicalstate1bythebeliefthatpeoplearoundareeagerlywatchingorlisteningtohimorher.1.A.misled B.heldC.driven D.characterize√mislead誤導(dǎo)；hold握住，持有；drive驅(qū)使；characterize描述，刻畫，成為……的特征。根據(jù)“Itisdefinedasanadolescent’spsychologicalstate

bythebeliefthatpeoplearoundareeagerlywatchingorlisteningtohimorher.”可知，青少年認(rèn)為周圍的人都在熱切地注視著或聽著他們，實(shí)際上這只是一種假想，是被“誤導(dǎo)”了，misled符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。Thisisbecause2areawareofthephysicalchangesoccurringintheirbodies.2.A.adults B.teenagersC.elders D.professorsadult成年人；teenager青少年；elders長(zhǎng)輩；professor教授。根據(jù)上文的“Itisdefinedasanadolescent’spsychologicalstate”可知，此處指青少年，teenager與adolescent是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B?！藺ndtheyare3concernedwithhoweveryoneis4thesechanges.3.A.suddenly

B.graduallyC.strongly D.randomly4.A.viewing B.facingC.accepting D.making√√3.suddenly突然間；gradually漸漸地；strongly強(qiáng)烈地；randomly隨機(jī)地。根據(jù)上文“Thisisbecause

areawareofthephysicalchangesoccurringintheirbodies.”可知，青少年意識(shí)到自己身體發(fā)生了變化，所以非常關(guān)心大家如何看待這些變化，strongly符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。4.view觀察，看待；face面對(duì)；accept接受；make使得。此處表示非常關(guān)心別人如何“看待”這些變化，viewing符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。The5oftheimaginaryaudiencearecommon.5.A.causes B.requirementsC.examples D.resultscause原因；requirement要求；example例子；result結(jié)果。根據(jù)后文“Teenswouldrepeatedlychangetheirclothestolook

toothers.Ortheywouldfollowdifferentongoing

thatmayhelpthemfitintosociety.”可知，是在舉假想觀眾的例子，此處examples符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。√Teenswouldrepeatedlychangetheirclothestolook6toothers.6.A.strange B.plainC.sweet D.smartstrange奇怪的，不尋常的；plain樸素的；sweet甜的；smart聰明的。根據(jù)“Teenswouldrepeatedlychangetheirclothestolook

toothers.”可知，不斷換衣服是為了與眾不同，此處strange符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！蘋rtheywouldfollowdifferentongoing7thatmayhelpthemfitintosociety.7.A.events B.trendsC.tips

D.principlesevent事件；trend趨勢(shì)；tip秘訣，技巧；principle原則。根據(jù)“Ortheywouldfollowdifferentongoing

thatmayhelpthemfitintosociety.”可知，此處指追隨不同的潮流和趨勢(shì)，trends符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。√Ifwearingcheckeredshirtsandjeansisthecurrentfashion，teenswoulddresslikethatjusttogiveagood8ontheirimaginaryaudiences.8.A.comment B.assessmentC.instruction D.impression√comment評(píng)論，意見；assessment評(píng)估，估價(jià)；instruction指示；impression印象。根據(jù)“Ifwearingcheckeredshirtsandjeansisthecurrentfashion，teenswoulddresslikethatjusttogiveagood

ontheirimaginaryaudiences.”可知，如果格子襯衫和牛仔褲流行，青少年就會(huì)這么穿，因?yàn)橄虢o別人留下好印象，impression符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。Teensalsoworryaboutthe9mistakestheymakeinsocialsettings.9.A.severest B.biggestC.fastest D.slightest√severest最嚴(yán)重的；biggest最大的；fastest最快的；slightest最少的，最細(xì)微的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，青少年由于步入青春期，比較敏感，所以哪怕“最微小的”錯(cuò)誤也會(huì)擔(dān)心，slightest符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。Ablackheadcouldmakeanadolescentgirl10alldayasshefeelsthatsheisbeingwatchedandjudged.10.A.sleep B.relaxC.sweat D.laughsleep睡覺(jué)；relax放松；sweat流汗，焦慮，緊張；laugh大笑。根據(jù)“Ablackheadcouldmakeanadolescentgirl

alldayasshefeelsthatsheisbeingwatchedandjudged.”可知，覺(jué)得自己被關(guān)注和評(píng)判，所以會(huì)“焦慮”，sweat符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！蘃owever，inreality，thereareonlyasmallpercentageofpeoplewhoareactuallyinterestedinhowsomebodyelse11.11.A.sounds B.feelsC.smells D.lookssound聽起來(lái)；feel摸起來(lái)；smell聞起來(lái)；look看起來(lái)。上文提到的穿格子衣和牛仔褲、長(zhǎng)黑頭粉刺等都屬于外在方面的東西，由此可知，此處指很少有人關(guān)心別人“看起來(lái)”如何，looks符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！蘐hough“theimaginaryaudience”isconsideredtobea12，itisanaturalprocessinwhichanadolescenttriestobetterunderstandhisorherassociationwiththeworld.12.A.disorder B.reliefC.pity D.blessing√disorder混亂，紊亂，疾??；relief放松，緩解；pity可惜，遺憾；blessing幸事，福祉。根據(jù)“Though‘theimaginaryaudience’isc