土方工程-場地平整（建筑施工課件）

場地平整的土方量計(jì)算鋼筋套筒灌漿灌漿料制作及測試課程導(dǎo)入實(shí)施作業(yè)前需準(zhǔn)備:1.計(jì)算好場地的土方開挖總量和回填總量2.土方的調(diào)配方案3.挖方填方設(shè)備的選用計(jì)劃案例導(dǎo)入場地平整是常見的土方施工。場地內(nèi)不平整、高低起伏、大量的積水或雜物留存,對(duì)于相應(yīng)的建筑工程主體施工和組織是不利的。場地平整的重要性：一般于工程正式開展前,都要進(jìn)行專門的場地平整施工。按設(shè)計(jì)意圖清除舊基礎(chǔ)清除廢水井清除深水坑清除地上附著物施工的主要內(nèi)容:土方挖填及相關(guān)的清表、排水、清淤等作業(yè)。場地平整施工的質(zhì)量,對(duì)于后續(xù)施工的費(fèi)用、進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量的影響會(huì)很大。所以建設(shè)方應(yīng)認(rèn)真考慮場地平整工程的實(shí)施。場地內(nèi)方格網(wǎng)部分平整的土方量計(jì)算內(nèi)容土質(zhì)為粉質(zhì)黏土場地設(shè)計(jì)泄水坡度：ix=3%iy=2%試確定場地設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高(不考慮土的可松性影響，如有余土，用以加寬邊坡)，并計(jì)算填、挖土方量(不考慮邊坡土方量)。第一步建立方格網(wǎng)并編號(hào)1234567820米第一步建立方格網(wǎng)并編號(hào)123456789101112131415第二步求解方格角點(diǎn)高程1234567891011121314151、水準(zhǔn)實(shí)測進(jìn)行高程測量第二步求解方格角點(diǎn)高程1、水準(zhǔn)實(shí)測AB2、利用地形圖上相鄰兩等高線

的高程，用插入法求得。H4=44.34m第二步求解方格角點(diǎn)高程得到方格自然地面角點(diǎn)高程如圖所示12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.17第三步求解方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程根據(jù)挖填平衡原則利用公式求出初始設(shè)計(jì)高程H0式中：N——

方格網(wǎng)數(shù)H1

——一個(gè)方格僅有的角點(diǎn)標(biāo)高H2

——兩個(gè)方格共有的角點(diǎn)標(biāo)高H3

——三個(gè)方格共有的角點(diǎn)標(biāo)高H4

——四個(gè)方格共有的角點(diǎn)標(biāo)高第三步求解方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.17按圖可知屬于：H1的是：1、5、11、15角點(diǎn)；H2的是：2、3、4、6、10、12、

13、14角點(diǎn)；H3的角點(diǎn)不存在；H4的角點(diǎn)是:7、8、9角點(diǎn)。第三步求解方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.17第三步求解方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.7143.71第三步求解方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.17計(jì)算方格角點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高雙破泄水時(shí)按以下公式計(jì)算：Hn=H0±lxix±lyiy以場地中心角點(diǎn)8為H0

，如圖示抬高場地的右側(cè)和上側(cè)。由已知泄水坡度ix和iy，各方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高按式計(jì)算:H1=H0—40×3%+20×2%=43.71—0.12+0.04=43.63mH2=H1+20×3%=43.63+0.06=43.69mH6=H0-40×3%=43.71-0.12=43.59m第三步求解方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程得到方格角點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)高程結(jié)果如下12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.5943.6543.7143.7743.8743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.79第四步12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.79求解方格角點(diǎn)施工高度方格角點(diǎn)施工高度：hn=Hn-H把每個(gè)角點(diǎn)相應(yīng)參數(shù)代入即可求解角點(diǎn)1的施工高度：h1=43.64-43.26=0.390.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38第五步求零點(diǎn)、求零線計(jì)算公式：首先求零點(diǎn)，有關(guān)方格邊線上零點(diǎn)的位置2~3角點(diǎn)連線零點(diǎn)距角點(diǎn)2的距離為:同理求得：

相鄰零點(diǎn)的連線即為零線。第五步求零點(diǎn)、求零線圖解法直接求出零點(diǎn)位置。即用尺在各角點(diǎn)標(biāo)出相應(yīng)比例，用尺相接，與方格相交點(diǎn)即為零點(diǎn)位置。見下圖：h1+0.30h2-0.20±0551010h7h8+0.7-0.10用尺量出h1＋0.3的刻度用尺量出h2－0.2的刻度兩點(diǎn)連線與方格的交點(diǎn)為零點(diǎn)用尺量出h8－0.1的刻度用尺量出h7＋0.7的刻度兩點(diǎn)連線與方格的交點(diǎn)為零點(diǎn)兩零點(diǎn)連線即為零線第五步求零點(diǎn)、求零線圖解法直接求出零點(diǎn)位置12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38第五步求零點(diǎn)、求零線得到方格網(wǎng)的零線繪制如下圖12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38填方區(qū)挖方區(qū)第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量根據(jù)方格網(wǎng)挖填圖形，按表所列公式計(jì)算土方工程量。12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38填方區(qū)挖方區(qū)第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量根據(jù)方格網(wǎng)挖填圖形，按表所列公式計(jì)算土方工程量。第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38方格1276,3498,45109,671211為四角點(diǎn)全挖(填)。第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38方格1276,3498,45109,671211為四角點(diǎn)全挖(填)。V1276==202/4×（0.39+0.02+0.30+0.65）=136m3V3498=-117m3V45109=-270m3V671211=263m3第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38方格2378,891413為兩挖兩填。第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38方格2378,891413為兩挖兩填。=20/8×（1.9+17.1）(0.02+0.3)=15.2m3V0380=-12.4m3V013140=25.75m3V8900=-21.8m3V1276=第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38方格網(wǎng)781312，9101514為一填(挖)三挖(填)。第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38方格網(wǎng)781312，9101514為一填(挖)三挖(填)。=115.2m3V013140=-128.46m3V1400=0.07m3V7001312=（202-2.9×2）50.3+0.71+0.44=V080=

=-0.05m3第六步計(jì)算方格網(wǎng)內(nèi)挖填土方量12345678910111213141543.2443.6743.9444.3444.8042.9443.3543.7644.1744.6742.5842.9043.2343.6744.1743.6343.6943.7543.8143.8743.5943.6543.7143.7743.8343.5543.6143.6743.7343.790.390.02-0.19-0.53-0.930.650.30-0.05-0.40-0.840.970.710.440.06-0.38計(jì)算結(jié)果標(biāo)