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專題08一元函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用(利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)零點(diǎn)(方程的根)問題)(全題型壓軸題)目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u①判斷零點(diǎn)(根)的個(gè)數(shù) 1②已知零點(diǎn)(根)的個(gè)數(shù)求參數(shù) 9③已知零點(diǎn)(根)的個(gè)數(shù)求代數(shù)式的值 17更多資料添加微信號:DEM2008淘寶搜索店鋪:優(yōu)尖升教育網(wǎng)址:①判斷零點(diǎn)(根)的個(gè)數(shù)1.(2023·全國·高二專題練習(xí))已知關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上解的個(gè)數(shù)為(
)A.1個(gè) B.2個(gè) C.3個(gè) D.4個(gè)【答案】A【詳解】關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上解的個(gè)數(shù),即為關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上解的個(gè)數(shù),令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減.又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在同一坐標(biāo)系內(nèi)作出SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的圖像,兩圖像有1個(gè)交點(diǎn)則關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上解的個(gè)數(shù)為1.故選:A.2.(2023·云南·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)區(qū)間;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),證明:函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有且僅有一個(gè)零點(diǎn).【答案】(1)函數(shù)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(2)證明見解析【詳解】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0存在唯一SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù),在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取極大值為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù).SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)無零點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn).3.(2023春·江西贛州·高二統(tǒng)考期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最值;(2)討論函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù).【答案】(1)最大值SKIPIF1<0,無最小值(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0只有1個(gè)零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn).【詳解】(1)由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值SKIPIF1<0,無最小值;(2)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)就是方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個(gè)數(shù),整理得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由(1)可知,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得最大值SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0趨近于0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0趨近于SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0趨近于SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0恒大于0且趨近于0,作出函數(shù)圖象如圖:
由圖知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0只有1個(gè)零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn).4.(2023春·重慶·高二校聯(lián)考期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的極值;(2)討論函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù).【答案】(1)極小值SKIPIF1<0,無極大值.(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有1個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn).【詳解】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)取極小值SKIPIF1<0,無極大值.(2)令SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,從而SKIPIF1<0,因此當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖像沒有交點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖像有1個(gè)交點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖像有2個(gè)交點(diǎn).綜上:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有1個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有2個(gè)零點(diǎn).5.(2023春·福建寧德·高二統(tǒng)考期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求曲線SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線與兩坐標(biāo)軸圍成的三角形面積;(2)討論函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù).【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)答案見解析【詳解】(1)∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴切點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴切線與坐標(biāo)軸交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴所求三角形面積為SKIPIF1<0.(2)解法一:設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以存在唯一SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0;即SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn).當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(舍),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn),即SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),即SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn).綜上:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn).解法二:由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0趨向于SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0趨向于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0趨向于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0趨向于SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)圖象知:
當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0沒有零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn).解法三:令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相切于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,可解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,由SKIPIF1<0可解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.如圖所示,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0只有一個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0有一個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0只有兩個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0沒有交點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0無零點(diǎn).
6.(2023春·四川眉山·高二統(tǒng)考期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0其中SKIPIF1<0為自然對數(shù)的底數(shù).(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),證明:SKIPIF1<0;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù).【答案】(1)證明見解析;(2)2.【詳解】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因此函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0都遞增,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,而SKIPIF1<0,因此存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,從而當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即有函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,于是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0各存在一個(gè)零點(diǎn),所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0零點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)是2.7.(2023·湖南·校聯(lián)考二模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的最小值;(2)證明:方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不等實(shí)根.【答案】(1)0(2)證明見解析【詳解】(1)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在定義域內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0;(2)由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,整理可得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0.因此,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增.由于SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,又由SKIPIF1<0,由零點(diǎn)存在定理,存在SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)1和SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)根SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,
則如圖,SKIPIF1<0時(shí),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故方程SKIPIF1<0有一個(gè)根SKIPIF1<0,下面考慮SKIPIF1<0解的個(gè)數(shù),其中SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性可得:SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),在SKIPIF1<0上為增函數(shù),而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),故SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)不同的根SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,方程SKIPIF1<0共有三個(gè)不等實(shí)根②已知零點(diǎn)(根)的個(gè)數(shù)求參數(shù)1.(2023春·江西吉安·高三江西省泰和中學(xué)??茧A段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】解:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),與一次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0相比,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0增長更快,從而SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),與對數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0相比,一次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0增長更快,從而SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)以上信息,可作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象:
令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由圖象可得SKIPIF1<0沒有解,所以方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個(gè)數(shù)與方程SKIPIF1<0解的個(gè)數(shù)相等,而方程SKIPIF1<0的解的個(gè)數(shù)與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的交點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)相等,由圖可知:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象有3個(gè)交點(diǎn).故答案為:SKIPIF1<02.(2023春·安徽合肥·高二統(tǒng)考期末)若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不等實(shí)數(shù)根,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】由已知可知關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不等實(shí)數(shù)根,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與直線SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)公共點(diǎn),構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,求導(dǎo)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,畫出SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象如圖,要使SKIPIF1<0的圖象與直線SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)交點(diǎn),需SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0
3.(2023春·上海黃浦·高二格致中學(xué)??计谀┰O(shè)SKIPIF1<0,若關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0有3個(gè)不同的實(shí)根,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】記SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù),即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0取得極大值SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0取得極小值,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)殛P(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不同的實(shí)根,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不同零點(diǎn),因此,只需SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不同的實(shí)根SKIPIF1<0的范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.4.(2023春·吉林長春·高二長春市解放大路學(xué)校??计谀┮阎瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0,若方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不同的實(shí)數(shù)根,則a的取值范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不是方程SKIPIF1<0的根.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),方程SKIPIF1<0可化為:SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不同的實(shí)數(shù)根,即直線SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象有3個(gè)交點(diǎn).當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,作出SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖,由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),直線SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象有3個(gè)交點(diǎn),所以方程SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)不同的實(shí)數(shù)根時(shí),實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.5.(2023春·山西忻州·高二統(tǒng)考期中)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)若曲線SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,求m,n;(2)若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恰有兩個(gè)不同的零點(diǎn),求實(shí)數(shù)m的取值范圍.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.(2)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,(1)若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為增函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),不合題意;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,①若SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),不合題意;②若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以根據(jù)零點(diǎn)存在性定理,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),又SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)0,所以,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn);③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn)0,所以,若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個(gè)零點(diǎn),又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恰有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),綜上所述,m的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.6.(2023春·江西九江·高二統(tǒng)考期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的極大值與極小值之差;(2)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上恰有2個(gè)零點(diǎn),求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減.所以SKIPIF1<0的極大值為SKIPIF1<0,極小值為SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0的極大值與極小值之差為SKIPIF1<0.(2)由(1)知:SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恰有2個(gè)不同的零點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.7.(2023·廣東梅州·統(tǒng)考三模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù).(1)討論函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性;(2)若方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有實(shí)根,求SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【答案】(1)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增(2)SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.(2)由(1)知,SKIPIF1<0,方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有實(shí)根等價(jià)于方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有實(shí)根.令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,不合題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0,不合題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<08.(2023·江西宜春·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且a、b為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的極值點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0(1)判斷函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的單調(diào)性,并證明你的結(jié)論;(2)若曲線SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處的切線斜率為SKIPIF1<0,且方程SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)不等的實(shí)根,求實(shí)數(shù)m的取值范圍.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,證明見解析.(2)SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)依題設(shè)方程SKIPIF1<0,即方程SKIPIF1<0的兩根分別為a、b∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.(2)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)x在SKIPIF1<0上變化時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的變化情況如下:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<00SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<00++0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0極小值SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0極大值SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象如圖,∴方程SKIPIF1<0有兩個(gè)不等根時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)化為直線SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0的圖象有兩交點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0.
③已知零點(diǎn)(根)的個(gè)數(shù)求代數(shù)式的值1.(2023·四川成都·三模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【詳解】定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0是零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0也是零點(diǎn),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),結(jié)合定義域和判別式易知SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,不符合題意;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0的兩根分別為SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以由零點(diǎn)存在定理易知有三個(gè)零點(diǎn),滿足題意.綜上,SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0故選:B2.(2023春·四川成都·高二四川省成都市新都一中校聯(lián)考期末)已知SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)不相等的零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的范圍是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0兩個(gè)不相等的零點(diǎn),不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,兩式相減得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0恒成立,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0是單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0恒成立,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0是單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.3.(2023春·湖南懷化·高二統(tǒng)考期末)已知SKIPIF1<0是方程SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)根,則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】3【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是方程SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)根,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:34.(2023春·遼寧大連·高三瓦房店市高級中學(xué)校考開學(xué)考試)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0存在三個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【詳解】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下圖所示:若使得方程SKIPIF1<0
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