專題01 完形填空2024年高考英語一模試題分類匯編北京專用解析版

專題01完形填空（一）（204屆.北京海淀區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI1thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer'sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewofmy5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I'dneverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndréBouvier,who'dwalkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand9.Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI'dnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndréintomylife.1. A.droppedoff B.filledup C.setaside D.putaway2. A.locked B.parked C.signaling D.running3. A.painful B.critical C.disappointing D.impressive4. A.failure B.smoke C.disaster D.mystery5. A.route B.location C.direction D.destination6. A.news B.help C.hope D.faith7. A.satisfied B.surprised C.relieved D.worried8. A.slowly B.excitedly C.nervously D.strongly9. A.recognition B.admiration C.satisfaction D.appreciation10. A.identify B.present C.approach D.anticipate【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.B7.C8.D9.D10.C【導語】這是一篇記敘文。這篇文章主要講述了作者的一次經(jīng)歷。作者在下午準備下班時，發(fā)現(xiàn)同事落下了電腦包，于是決定送去同事家。在返回的路上，遭遇了暴風雪，作者只能停車并撥打911。等待救援時，作者與同事聯(lián)系并在社交媒體上分享了自己的位置。最終，一位叫安德烈·布維爾的人在黑夜中拿著手電筒走向作者，帶著他安全抵達了自己家。這次經(jīng)歷讓作者改變了應對挑戰(zhàn)的態(tài)度，也讓他與安德烈·布維爾相識?！?題詳解】考察動詞短語辨析。句意：我花了大約15分鐘到達他的家，在那里我放下包，然后馬上回到路上。dropoff意思是“放下”，符合文意，作者到同事家放下包就回來了。fillup意為“填滿”；setaside表示“留出”；putaway是“收好”的意思。故選A?！?題詳解】考察動詞詞義辨析。句意：我讓汽車發(fā)動著以保持溫暖，并撥打了911。keepthecarrunning讓汽車保持運行狀態(tài)，也就是發(fā)動著的狀態(tài)，其他選項不符合文意。locked意思為“鎖上”；parked表示“停車”；signaling是“發(fā)信號”的意思。故選D?！?題詳解】考察形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通話后的那幾秒鐘是痛苦的。painful在此處表示“痛苦的”，那些秒是很痛苦的，作者在那種情況下感到害怕。critical是“關鍵的，緊要的”；disappointing是“令人失望的”；impressive是“令人印象深刻的”。故選A?！?題詳解】考察名詞詞義辨析。句意：我給同事發(fā)了短信，開玩笑說我的好事以災難告終。disaster表示“災難”，作者把做好事卻遭遇暴風雪這件事調侃成災難。failure是“失敗”；smoke是“煙霧”；mystery是“神秘”。故選C?！?題詳解】考察名詞詞義辨析。句意：他建議我在社交媒體上分享我的位置的\o"coco://sendMessage?ext=%7b"衛(wèi)星視圖。location指“位置”，作者在社交媒體上分享自己的位置。route是“路線”；direction是“方向”；destination是“目的地”。故選B?！?題詳解】考察名詞詞義辨析。句意：在車里等待時，我懷疑是否有人能夠來幫我。作者不確定是否有人能來幫助自己。news是“消息”；hope是“希望”；faith是“信念”。故選B?！?題詳解】考察形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的一生中，我從未如此高興看到有人。relieved表示“寬慰的、放心的”，作者看到有人來接自己感到很寬慰。satisfied是“滿意的”；surprised是“驚訝的”；worried是“擔心的”。故選C?！?題詳解】考察副詞詞義辨析。句意：我開車跟在他后面，感覺我的心開始更有力地跳動。strongly修飾beat，意思是“強烈地跳動”，作者在這種情況下心情很緊張，心臟強烈地跳動。slowly是“緩慢地”；excitedly是“興奮地”；nervously也是“緊張地”，但是與strongly相比，nervously更強調緊張的情緒，strongly更強調強烈的程度。故選D?！?題詳解】考察名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們到達他的家時，我突然哭了起來，我所有的恐懼都變成了寬慰和感激。appreciation表示“感激”，作者對\o"coco://sendMessage?ext={"安德烈的幫助感到感激。recognition是“認可”；admiration是“欽佩”；satisfaction是“滿足”。故選D?！?0題詳解】考察動詞詞義辨析。句意：我現(xiàn)在面對挑戰(zhàn)時帶著一種我以前不知道的平靜感。approachchallenges表示“接近挑戰(zhàn)”，也就是“面對挑戰(zhàn)”，作者現(xiàn)在面對挑戰(zhàn)時會帶著一種以前沒有的平靜感。identify是“識別”；present是“呈現(xiàn)”；anticipate是“預料”。故選C。（二）（2024屆.北京西城區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachallengingtask:Reciteapoeminfrontofthewholeclass.“Ihadamildstutter(結巴).I’dbe____1____togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith‘D’or‘TH’,orImightsay‘the’threetimes,”Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto____2____.Susanwenthomeand____3____howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe____4____fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.____5____shewasdone,Mr.DiMeosaidsomethingshe’dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn’thavetobeasourceof____6____.Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.ShenevergottoproperlythankMr.DiMeo.Butsometimeaftercollege,she____7____ajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmadeherrealizehowbiga(n)____8____hehadhadonherconfidence.“Istandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,nobigdeal,”shesaid.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto____9____herformerteacher,andplansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation.Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe’sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife.“Idon’tknowwhereIwould’vegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice____10____becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself.I’dliketothankhimforthatkindness.”1.A.continuing B.struggling C.pretending D.hoping2.A.share B.express C.find D.bear3.A.taught B.proved C.revealed D.promised4.A.excused B.prohibited C.corrected D.discouraged5.A.While B.Although C.Unless D.Once6.A.jealousy B.worry C.boredom D.loneliness7.A.wanted B.offered C.landed D.created8.A.impact B.idea C.choice D.stress9.A.judge B.contact C.study D.interview10.A.sweet B.loud C.quiet D.deep【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述Susan說話輕微結巴，因DiMeo老師說喜歡她的聲音Susan漸漸有了信心，后來能夠公開演講，生活和事業(yè)都獲得了成功?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Susan說：“我很難說出一個以‘D’或‘TH’開頭的單詞，或者我可能會說三次‘the’?！盇.continuing繼續(xù)；B.struggling掙扎，吃力地進行；C.pretending假裝；D.hoping希望。根據(jù)前文“Ihadamildstutter(結巴)”可知，Susan說話結巴，很難說出一個以“D”或“TH”開頭的單詞，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一想到要站在同學面前結結巴巴地念完這首詩，她就難以忍受。A.share分享；B.express表達；C.find找到；D.bear忍受。結合語境及“stutteringthroughthepoem”可知，一想到自己會結結巴巴地背詩，Susan就難以忍受，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Susan回到家，向媽媽透露了她有多害怕，媽媽同意寫一張紙條，請求在全班同學面前允許她不做這個任務。A.taught教；B.proved證明；C.revealed透露；D.promised承諾。結合下文“whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe____4____fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass”可知，Susan向媽媽透露自己很害怕，媽媽答應為她請假，故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.excused原諒，同意免除；B.prohibited禁止；C.corrected糾正；D.discouraged勸阻，使泄氣。結合下文“Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo”可知，此處指寫一張紙條請求不做這個任務，excusesbfromdoing“同意某人不做”，故選A?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：她說完后，DiMeo先生說了一些她以前從未聽過的話：他喜歡聽她的聲音。A.While在……期間；B.Although盡管；C.Unless除非；D.Once一旦，一……（就）。結合“helikedlisteningtohervoice”可知，此處指Susan一說完DiMeo先生就說自己喜歡她的聲音，故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她第一次考慮到公開演講不必成為憂慮的來源。A.jealousy羨慕，嫉妒；B.worry擔心，憂慮；C.boredom無聊，厭倦；D.loneliness孤單。根據(jù)市上文“howscaredshewas”可知，Susan害怕公開演講，故這應是讓她感到憂慮，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但大學畢業(yè)后不久，她找到了一份企業(yè)培訓師的工作。A.wanted想要；B.offered提供；C.landed成功得到，贏得；D.created創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)下文“Thenewpositionmadeherrealize…”可知，此處指她成功得到一份新工作，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：新的職位使她意識到他對她的信心有多大的影響。A.impact影響；B.idea主意；C.choice選擇；D.stress壓力。根據(jù)上文“Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn’thavetobeasourceof____6____”以及下文“he’sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife(他是她事業(yè)和生活成功的重要原因)”可知，DiMeo先生說自己喜歡Susan的聲音，這使她發(fā)生了改變，使她的事業(yè)和生活獲得了成功，故此處指DiMeo先生對她的影響很大，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Susan最近找到了聯(lián)系她以前的老師的方法，并計劃給他寫封信表達她的感激之情。A.judge評價；B.contact聯(lián)系；C.study學習；D.interview采訪。根據(jù)“plansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation”可知，此處指找到了聯(lián)系她以前的老師的方法，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“如果我因為害怕讓自己難堪而不得不保持沉默，我不知道我會去哪里。我要感謝他的好意?！盇.sweet甜美的；B.loud大聲的；C.quiet安靜的；D.deep深的。根據(jù)“becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself”可知，Susan以前說話結巴，因為害怕讓自己難堪會保持沉默，故選C。（三）（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ihadn’tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.Itwasgreattohaveherhere,___1___ourlives.Shewaslookingatthefewblooms(花)leftinmyyard.Ihadn’tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.Ithadbeena___2___yearforme.JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,itwouldallcomerushingbackandthe___3___thingonmymindwasflowers.“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof___4___,”shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelastroseoftheseason.Ishrugged(聳肩),wonderingwhyanyonewould___5___takingtimetolookatalowlyrose.Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone.“Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,”shesaidcalmly.“An___6___formedicine?”Ilaughed.“Arewethatold?”“Formybrain,”shesmiled.“Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor(腫塊)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedsoftly.ThatwasAnne—ever___7___.Evencancerwasnomorethanjokingabout.So___8___thatIwasbeyondwords.Laternextday,ane-mailfilledwiththeflowerphotospoppedupfromAnne—clearandbeautiful.Shehadgottenpasttheanger,thepityandunfairness,takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingituntilit___9___.Ishiftedmyeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersinfullbloom.Actually,Ialwayshadthem,butitwasAnnewhogotmetoreally____10____them.1.A.saving B.watching C.sharing D.controlling2.A.normal B.new C.satisfying D.difficult3.A.last B.same C.only D.right4.A.yards B.flowers C.parties D.people5.A.bother B.avoid C.miss D.stop6.A.award B.order C.alarm D.idea7.A.optimistic B.attractive C.hard-working D.confident8.A.nervous B.shocked C.relaxed D.lucky9.A.ended B.failed C.shined D.fruited10.A.arrange B.trust C.colour D.appreciate【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.C10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者和好友20年后相聚時分享生活，Anne得了癌癥卻仍然樂觀的生活，并且她會欣賞美麗的花，而作者會沉浸在痛苦中，Anne讓作者真正懂得了要欣賞自己種的那些花?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：能有她在這里，分享我們的生活真是太好了。A.saving節(jié)省，拯救；B.watching觀看；C.sharing分享；D.controlling控制。根據(jù)“Ihadn’tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.”可知，20年后好友重逢，應該是一起分享生活。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對我來說，這是艱難的一年。A.normal正常的；B.new新的；C.satisfying令人滿意的；D.difficult困難的；艱難的。根據(jù)“Ihadn’tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.”和“JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness”可知，作者失去工作，感到痛苦，因此對她來說這是艱難的一年。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：就在我以為我已經(jīng)擺脫了這種痛苦的時候，它又會涌上心頭，我腦海中最后浮現(xiàn)的就是花。A.last最后的；B.same相同的；C.only僅有的，唯一的；D.right正確的。根據(jù)“JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,itwouldallcomerushingback”可知，作者總是沉浸在痛苦中，因此最后想到的才是花。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我的一個愛好是給花拍照，”她說著，在這一季最后一朵玫瑰旁邊站穩(wěn)了腳跟。A.yards院子；B.flowers花；C.parties聚會；D.people人們。根據(jù)“Ishrugged(聳肩),wonderingwhyanyonewould___5___takingtimetolookatalowlyrose.”可知，此處指給花拍照片。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我聳了聳肩，不明白為什么有人會花時間去看一朵不起眼的玫瑰。A.bother打擾，使煩惱；B.avoid避免；C.miss錯過；D.stop停止。根據(jù)“the___3___thingonmymindwasflowers.”和“Ishrugged(聳肩)”可知，作者覺得花時間看花是很麻煩的事。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“吃藥的鬧鐘？”我笑了。A.award獎品；B.order順序，命令；C.alarm警報，鬧鐘；D.idea主意。根據(jù)““Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,”shesaidcalmly.”可知，此處表示Anne設置鬧鐘提醒自己吃藥。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是安妮一貫的樂觀。A.optimistic樂觀的；B.attractive吸引人的；C.hard-working努力工作的，勤勞的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)““Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor(腫塊)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedsoftly.”可知，Anne坦然的面對自己的疾病，因此她是樂觀的。故選A。【8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我震驚得說不出話來。A.nervous緊張的；B.shocked震驚的；C.relaxed放松的；D.lucky幸運的。根據(jù)“Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer”可知，聽說Anne患有癌癥，作者感到震驚。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她已經(jīng)克服了憤怒、憐憫和不公平，一次又一次地打磨它，直到它閃閃發(fā)光。A.ended結束；B.failed失??；C.shined發(fā)光，把……照向；D.fruited使結果實。根據(jù)“takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingit”可知，一次又一次的打磨是為了讓它發(fā)光。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，我一直都擁有它們，但是安妮讓我真正懂得欣賞它們。A.arrange安排；B.trust信任；C.colour給……上色；D.appreciate欣賞，感激。根據(jù)上文““Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof___4___,””可知，Anne讓作者懂得欣賞自己種的那些花。故選D。（四）（2024屆.北京石景山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners’shoes.My___1___increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa___2___.DadtoldmethatIwasthebest“mop(拖把)guy”he’deverhad.WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas___3___tothewholefamily.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain___4___tobepartoftheteam.That’stosay,Ihadtobe___5___,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever___6___foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?”Thistaughtmethatwhenyou___7___,you’dbetterknowtheotherside’sargumentsaswellasyourown.Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptainandwasfullof___8___asIwalkedintomyparents’eatery.ThefirstthingDadsaidwas,“Welcome,mymopguy!OK,it’sthecleaner’sdayoff.Buthowaboutyoucleaningup___9___?”“Ican’tbelievethis!”Ithought.“I’manofficerinthearmy!”Butitdidn’tmatter.AsfarasDadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe_____10_____involvedinafamilyeatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.1.A.duties B.scores C.wages D.ideas2.A.waiter B.cook C.cleaner D.manager3.A.attending B.applying C.reacting D.contributing4A.standards B.challengers C.achievements D.customers5.A.insistent B.confident C.courageous D.responsible6.A.arranged B.praised C.paid D.suspected7.A.succeed B.negotiate C.operate D.promise8.A.dignity B.respect C.curiosity D.gratitude9.A.frequently B.later C.instead D.immediately10.A.army B.class C.team D.party【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A5.D6.C7.B8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從小在父母經(jīng)營的小餐館里工作，從擦鞋到拖地，雖然從未得到報酬，但學到了很多寶貴的經(jīng)驗。在軍隊服役兩年后，作者回家時仍被父親視為餐館的一員，需要參與清潔工作。文章體現(xiàn)了家庭餐館中團隊精神和勞動價值的重要性?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我的責任也越來越重。A.duties責任；B.scores得分；C.wages薪水；D.ideas想法。根據(jù)上文“myfirstrealjobwas...”和下文“asIgrewolder.”可推知，隨著年齡的增長，作者要做的工作也越來越多，責任也越來越重。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：十二歲時，我當上了清潔工。A.waiter侍者；B.cook廚師；C.cleaner清潔工；D.manager經(jīng)理。根據(jù)下文“Iwasthebest“mop(拖把)guy””可知，作者成了餐館里的清潔工。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在餐廳工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因為我為整個家庭做出了貢獻。A.attending參加；B.applying申請；C.reacting反應；D.contributing貢獻。根據(jù)上文“Workingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpride”可推知，自豪是源于自己對家庭做出了貢獻。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我父親說得很清楚，我必須達到一定的標準才能成為團隊的一員。A.standards標準；B.challengers挑戰(zhàn)者；C.achievements成就；D.customers顧客。根據(jù)下文“That’stosay,

Ihadtobe5,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.”的解釋可知，父親為成為團隊的一員提出了一定的標準。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說，我必須負責，勤奮，對顧客有禮貌。A.insistent堅持的；B.confident自信的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.responsible負責任的。結合常識和上文“tobepartoftheteam”可推知，要成為團隊的一員當然要具有責任感。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：除了擦鞋的工作，我做的任何工作都沒有支付報酬。A.arranged安排；B.praised稱贊；C.paid支付；D.suspected懷疑。根據(jù)下文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.”可知，作者的其它工作沒有支付報酬，所以才會和父親談判，要求加薪。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這件事教會了我，當你談判時，你最好了解對方的觀點和你自己的觀點。A.succeed成功；B.negotiate談判；C.operate操作；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)上文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?””可知，這是作者和父親之間的談判，是這次談判讓作者明白了一個道理。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我剛剛被提升為隊長，走進父母的餐館時，我充滿了自豪。A.dignity自豪；B.respect尊重；C.curiosity好奇心；D.gratitude感激之情。根據(jù)上文“Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptain”可推知，剛升為隊長的作者覺得自己榮歸故里，感到自豪和驕傲。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但你晚點再打掃怎么樣？A.frequently頻繁地；B.later后來；C.instead代替；D.immediately立即。根據(jù)上文“it’sthecleaner’sdayoff.”和最后一段中“Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.”可知，父親給作者放一天假，但要求他以后再打掃。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在爸爸看來，我只是家庭餐館團隊里的一員。A.army軍隊；B.class班級；C.team團隊；D.party聚會。根據(jù)第二段中“ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4 tobepartoftheteam.”和上文“Iwasjustanothermemberof...”可知，作者成為了家庭餐館團隊里的一員。故選C項。（五）（2024屆.北京房山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。EmilyBhatnagarlivesinGaithersburg,Maryland.Shehasalwaysloved___1___.Asareallyshygirl,shealwaysturnedtobooks,whichsortofbecameherbestfriendswhenshedidn’thaveone.In2019,whenherdadwasdiagnosedwithcancer,itwasadifficulttimeforherfamilyandbooksbecameanevenbigger___2___.Shestartedthinkingaboutpeoplein___3___situations.Whenherfatherrecovered,shehadoverwhelminggratitudetothedoctorsforperformingsuchamiracle,butalsoahintofsadnessaboutkidswhowerefightingthesamebattle.Atthatverymoment,shecameupwithaplan.Shewantedtodothingsforthe___4___.ShestartedabookdrivecalledForLove&Buttercupinherhometown.Thegoalwasto___5___booksandgivethemtokidsbeingtreatedforcancerinlocalhospitals.Atfirst,Emilyhadnoideahowmuch___6___herworkwouldget.Shestartedbypostingonsocialmedia,askingpeopleinherareato___7___.Shewasexpectingmaybetwoorthree___8___fromneighbors,butitendedupblowingup,___9___whennewsstationsbeganreportingit.Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books.NowEmilycontinuestorunthebookdrive.Shehopesto___10___theprojectonedaytoreachmorekids.Thememoryofthefirsttimeshevisitedchildrenwho’dreceivedherbooksstickswithher.“Itwasthebestdayofmylife,”shesays.“IrealizedIwantedtodothistypeofworkforever.”1.A.reading B.posting C.driving D.writing2.A.friend B.project C.guide D.comfort3.A.severe B.similar C.simple D.shocking4.A.hospitals B.schools C.neighbourhood D.committee5.A.purchase B.collect C.distribute D.exhibit6.A.attention B.intention C.discussion D.rejection7.A.spread B.donate C.promote D.approve8.A.comments B.likes C.letters D.responses9.A.naturally B.automatically C.especially D.specifically10.A.expand B.evaluate C.manage D.monitor【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了EmilyBhatnagar成立ForLove&Buttercup，為孩子們籌集書籍的故事?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她一直喜歡讀書。A.reading讀；B.posting發(fā)帖子；C.driving駕駛；D.writing寫。根據(jù)下文“shealwaysturnedtobooks”可知，她一直喜歡讀書。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2019年，她的父親被診斷出患有癌癥，這對她的家庭來說是一段艱難的時期，書籍成為了更大的安慰。A.friend朋友；B.project項目；C.guide導游；D.comfort安慰。根據(jù)上文“shealwaysturnedtobooks,whichsortofbecameherbestfriendswhenshedidn’thaveone”和“herdadwasdiagnosedwithcancer,itwasadifficulttime”可知，她的爸爸被診斷出患有癌癥，她喜歡讀書，所以在這種情況下書籍成為了她更大的安慰。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始思考那些處境相似的人。A.severe嚴重的；B.similar相似的；C.simple簡單的；D.shocking令人震驚的。根據(jù)下一段“ahintofsadnessaboutkidswhowerefightingthesamebattle”可知，她思考那些和她有相似處境的人。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她想為鄰居做點事。A.hospitals醫(yī)院；B.schools學校；C.neighbourhood鄰近；D.committee委員會。根據(jù)下一段“inherhometown”可知，她是想為鄰居做點事，空格處是neighbourhood。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：目的是收集書籍，并將它們送給當?shù)蒯t(yī)院接受癌癥治療的孩子們。A.purchase購買；B.collect收集；C.distribute分發(fā)；D.exhibit展覽，展出。根據(jù)下文“givethemtokidsbeingtreatedforcancerinlocalhospitals”可知，這個項目的目的是收集書，然后送給當?shù)蒯t(yī)院接受癌癥治療的孩子們。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，艾米麗不知道她的工作會得到多少關注。A.attention關注；B.intention打算；C.discussion討論；D.rejection拒絕。根據(jù)下文“newsstationsbeganreportingit.Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books”可知，艾米麗不知道她的工作會得到多少關注。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始在社交媒體上發(fā)帖，請求她所在地區(qū)的人們捐贈。A.spread傳播；B.donate捐贈；C.promote促進；D.approve批準。根據(jù)“Thegoalwasto__5__books”和下文“Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books”可知，她的項目的目的是籌集書，所以是請求她所在地區(qū)的人們捐贈書籍。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她本以為鄰居們可能會有兩到三個回應，但結果卻大受歡迎，尤其是當新聞電臺開始報道這件事時。A.comments評論；B.likes喜好；C.letters信；D.responses回應。根據(jù)下文“fromneighbors”和上文“askingpeopleinherareato__7__”可知，她要求她所在地區(qū)的人們捐贈，她本以為鄰居們可能會有兩到三個回應。故選D?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她本以為鄰居們可能會有兩到三個回應，但結果卻大受歡迎，尤其是當新聞電臺開始報道這件事時。A.naturally自然地，天然地；B.automatically自動地；C.especially特別，尤其；D.specifically專門地。根據(jù)上文“itendedupblowingup”和下文“whennewsstationsbeganreportingit”可知，她的項目大受歡迎，尤其是當新聞電臺開始報道這件事的時候。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她希望有一天能擴大這個項目，惠及更多的孩子。A.expand擴大；B.evaluate評價；C.manage管理；D.monitor監(jiān)視。根據(jù)下文“toreachmorekids”可知，她希望擴大這個項目。故選A。（六）（2024屆.北京延慶.統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver.Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandtherewere___1___warningsforsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas.Asaprecaution,I’d___2___sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchjustincasewatermanagedtoseepthrough.AsIfellasleep,Iwas___3___bythesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas___4___tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast.Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand___5___itsflashlight.Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.TheAhrmusthave___6___burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags.AndnowIhadtogetout—fast!Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly___7___:thedoorleadingtoupstairs.FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater’spressurewashigh.Imanagedtomakea___8___ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughformetosqueezethrough.Rushingdownoutside,I___9___thatifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned.Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest.Iwillrememberwhatmymothertoldme:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyou____10____everything.Rememberthedayyousurvived.”1.A.flood B.earthquake C.drought D.sandstorm2.A.cleaned B.lifted C.recovered D.placed3.A.threatened B.awakened C.weakened D.tightened4.A.excited B.shocked C.depressed D.exhausted5.A.showedup B.lookedup C.turnedon D.wenton6.A.carefully B.gradually C.violently D.constantly7.A.escape B.mind C.problem D.stage8.A.gap B.depth C.height D.cut9.A.pretended B.promised C.imagined D.realised10.A.lacked B.found C.lost D.gained【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.B5.C6.C7.A8.A9.D10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的一次脫險經(jīng)歷。由于連下大雨，使得河流決堤，爆發(fā)了洪水，殃及到作者所居住的區(qū)域。盡管作者提前做好了“抗洪”準備，但是，洪水的破壞力還是使得作者的家，以及該區(qū)域一片狼藉。幸運的是，作者逃生并幸存了下來?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那個星期一直下著大雨，附近的一些地區(qū)發(fā)布了洪水警報，但我所在的地方?jīng)]有。A.flood洪水；B.earthquake地震；C.drought干旱；D.sandstorm沙塵暴。根據(jù)“Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweek”可知，下大雨應是發(fā)布洪水警報，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為預防措施，我在花園門外放了沙袋，把電子產品和衣服堆在桌子和沙發(fā)上，以防水浸透。A.cleaned打掃；B.lifted舉起，（被）提起；C.recovered恢復；D.placed放置。結合語境及“piledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouch”可知，此處指在花園門外放了沙袋，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我剛睡著，就被嘩嘩的水聲吵醒了。A.threatened威脅；B.awakened（使）醒來；C.weakened削弱，減弱；D.tightened（使）變緊。根據(jù)“AsIfellasleep”可知，作者正在睡覺，故此處指被水聲吵醒，故選B?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我把腿從床上甩下來時，我震驚地感到冷水已經(jīng)沒過膝蓋，而且還在迅速上升。A.excited興奮的；B.shocked震驚的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.exhausted筋疲力盡的。根據(jù)“tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast”可知，作者一覺醒來感到冷水已經(jīng)沒過膝蓋，而且還在迅速上升，應是感到震驚，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在黑暗中瑟瑟發(fā)抖，我抓起手機，打開了手電筒。A.showedup出現(xiàn)；B.lookedup查閱，向上看；C.turnedon打開；D.wenton繼續(xù)。根據(jù)“Shiveringandindarkness”可知，作者身處黑暗中，故是抓起手機打開手電筒，故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：阿爾河一定猛烈地沖垮了河岸，沖破了沙袋。A.carefully仔細地；B.gradually逐漸地；C.violently猛烈地，激烈地；D.constantly不斷地。根據(jù)上文“Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.(水從花園的門里涌了出來，椅子、書架和我的架子鼓碎片漂浮在客廳里)”可知，家里遭遇洪水，故此處指阿爾河猛烈地沖垮了河岸，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在水沒到我的腰了，我光著腳開始劃向我唯一的逃生之處：通往樓上的門。A.escape逃脫；B.mind頭腦；C.problem問題；D.stage舞臺。根據(jù)空后“thedoorleadingtoupstairs”可知，水位已經(jīng)到了腰部，作者應是上樓逃生，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我使出了全身的力氣和力氣，總算擠出了30厘米左右的空隙，才勉強擠了過去。A.gap間隙，開口；B.depth深度；C.height高度；D.cut劃口。根據(jù)“enoughformetosqueezethrough”可知，此處指使出渾身力氣打開一個間隙擠過去，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我沖到外面，意識到如果我?guī)追昼姾笮褋?，我就會淹死。A.pretended假裝；B.promised承諾；C.imagined想象；D.realised意識到。結合空后“ifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned”可知，此處指作者意識到形勢的嚴峻，如果晚幾分鐘醒來可能就被淹死了。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我會記住媽媽告訴我的話：“不要記得你失去一切的那一天。記住你活下來的那一天?！盇.lacked缺少；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.lost失去；D.gained獲得。結合作者的經(jīng)歷以及下文“Rememberthedayyousurvived.”可知，作者從洪水中幸存，故此處指不要想自己失去了一切，而是要記得活下來的那一天，故選C。（七）（2024屆.北京門頭溝.統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。IwaspreparingfordinnerwithmyhusbandwhenourdaughterRikkistormedintothesittingroomandmarchedtothesofa.IglancedoutofthewindowandsawourneighborLexiwalkingslowlybacktoherhousewithherheaddown,lookingso___1___.“Whydidn’tLexistaylonger?”Iaskedher.“Idon’twanttoplaywithher,”Rikkicomplained,“Iwishshewouldstopcomingoverhereallthetime.Herdresslooksterribleandsmellsdisgusting.Everyoneinourclasschoosesto___2___her.”“That’snother___3___,Rikki.Maybeshedoesn’thaveanyonetohelpher.”Isaid.“Yousee,baby,”herfatherbegantosay,“Ireallyknowhowshefeltwhenyoushowedyour___4___toherbecauseIhadthesameexperiencewhenIwasakid.Iwasthepoorkidwithhand-me-downclothes,thekidwhootherslookeddownon.That___5___nevergoesaway.”Hetoldherhewantedhertobekindand____6____,notjudgmentalandhurtful.Tearswerestreamingdownherface.Thenwe___7___Le