2025屆新高考英語專題突破復(fù)習(xí)名詞和名詞短語

2025屆新高考英語專題突破復(fù)習(xí)名詞和名詞短語(Noun&NounPhrase）語法填空會(huì)考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)化，根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法或固定短語確定名詞，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，名詞做定語，名詞所有格等。名詞的考查：名詞短語：指以一個(gè)名詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語，在句中的功能相當(dāng)于名詞。短語構(gòu)成功能例子名詞短語(Nounphrases)(限定詞)+(形容詞、形容詞短語、描述性名詞)+名詞+(介詞短語)在句中當(dāng)作名詞用，一般用作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語abeautifulcampussomeschoolclubsabeautifulcampusofmyschool1.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.

第一周有點(diǎn)困惑。2.Thekidsoverthere

areputingsomethingon

aroundpaperplate.

那邊的孩子們正把東西放在一個(gè)圓形的盤上。3.ThenewcoachtoldmethatIdidn’tplaywellenough.新教練告訴我我踢得不夠好。4.MyfirstFrenchclasswasveryconfusing.

Theteacherspokesofast.

我的第一堂法語課令人困惑的。老師講得太快。5.Thechairmanaskedmetoexpressour

appreciationofallyourhardwork.

主席要我對(duì)你們的辛勤工作表示感謝.名詞短語的構(gòu)成：(限定詞)+(形容詞、形容詞短語、描述性名詞)+名詞+(介詞短語)I.單句語法填空:1.(2023新高考II卷)

SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe_______(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.arrival

從2017年6月開始，就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來之前，我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說英語。approve→approval贊成

arrive→arrival到達(dá)bury→burial/?beri?l/葬禮propose→proposal提議；建議refuse→refusal/r??fju?zl/拒絕remove→removal

/r??mu?vl/

移動(dòng)sign→signal信號(hào)

survive→survival生存；幸存2.(2022全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollected

garbagealongtheroad，inordertopromote

environmental__________（protect).Cao

believesthiswillmakethehikingtripeven

moremeaningful.3.(2022浙江卷)ForLucthismeans__________

(independent).“Thefeelingofbeingableto

seeit

and

formmyopinionislikebreaking

downanotherwallasablindperson.”protectionindependence曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。曹認(rèn)為這將使這次徒步旅行更加有意義。對(duì)盧克來說，這意味著獨(dú)立“能夠看到它的感覺，并形成我的看法，就像一個(gè)盲人打破了另一堵墻?！?.(2021全國卷乙)Itisdifferentfromtraditional

tourismbecauseitallowsthetravelerto

becomeeducatedabouttheareas-bothin

termsofgeographicalconditionsandcultural

characteristics,

andoftenprovidesmoneyfor

conservationandbenefitsthe___________

(develop)ofthelocalareas.6.(2020全國卷III)Filledwith________(curious),

theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.developmentcuriosity這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)—無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。藝術(shù)家滿懷好奇，收拾好他的行李出發(fā)了。6.(2020新高考卷1)Historical_______(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

7.(2018全國卷II)Thisswitchhasdecreased

_________(pollute)inthecountry's

majorlakesandreservoirsandmade

drinkingwatersaferforpeople.accuracypollution歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂也很重要。這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變已經(jīng)減少了在國家的主要湖泊和水庫的污染，從而使飲用水對(duì)人們更安全?？键c(diǎn)1.考查不可數(shù)名詞：高考中?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有：advice(建議),accuracy(準(zhǔn)確性),arrival(到達(dá)，抵達(dá)),

baggage/luggage(行李),cash(現(xiàn)金),change(零錢),courage(勇氣),curiosity(好奇心),development(發(fā)展),equipment(裝備),freedom(自由),fun(玩樂),furniture(家具),health(健康),wealth(財(cái)富),homework(家庭作業(yè)),housework(家務(wù)),independence(獨(dú)立)，information(信息),joy(高興),jewellery(珠寶),knowledge(知識(shí))luck(運(yùn)氣),money(金錢),patience(耐心)，progress(進(jìn)步),permission(允許),pressure(壓力),pollution(污染),protection(保護(hù)),scenery(風(fēng)景),traffic(交通),trouble(麻煩),word(=news)消息,work(工作),weather(天氣),air(空氣),bread(面包),coffee(咖啡),ink(墨水),meat(肉),paper(紙),milk(牛奶),orange(橘汁)tea(茶),water(水)。8.(2023全國甲卷II)However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty___________(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployedtodaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.warning然而，卡森的主題是對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的更嚴(yán)重警告?？ㄉC明了一種簡單的抒情形式，已經(jīng)代代相傳，今天仍然可以用來吸引人們對(duì)重要真理的關(guān)注。9.(2022全國乙卷)Asamainpromoterofthe

InternationalTeaDay，thebirthplaceoftea

andthelargesttea﹣producingcountry，

Chinahasa

(responsible)to

workwithothercountriestopromotethe

healthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.10.(2022浙江卷)JohnOlson,aformer

_____________(photograph),andhisteam

renderpaintingsintofullytextured3-D

models，likethisversionofVincentvan

Gogh’s“PortraitofDr.Gachet.”responsibilityphotographer中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國,作為國際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國有責(zé)任與其他國家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。約翰·奧爾森，一個(gè)攝影師，和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)把繪畫渲染成全紋理的3D模型，比如文森特·梵高的“加歇醫(yī)生的肖像”版本。11.(2020新高考卷II)Also,technologicalknow-

howhasbecomea_____________(require)

formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,

asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontool

inmost_____________(profession).12.(2020全國卷II)ChineseNewYearisa

___________(celebrate)markingtheend

ofthewinterseasonandthebeginningof

spring.requirementprofessionscelebration此外，在日益數(shù)字化的世界中，由于計(jì)算機(jī)已成為大多數(shù)職業(yè)的常用工具，技術(shù)知識(shí)已成為大多數(shù)工作的必備條件。中國新年是一個(gè)慶祝冬天結(jié)束和春天開始的慶?；顒?dòng)。13.(2019全國卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuit

peopleinNunayut

/?n?n?v?t/

havereported

increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa

______

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.14.(2019全國卷III)Whentheywerefreefrom

work，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandlet

usknowofaninteresting

__________

(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestory

behindit.beliefcompetition近年來，努納武特的一些因紐特人報(bào)告說，在人類居住區(qū)的周圍看到北極熊的情況有所增加，這使人們認(rèn)為其數(shù)量在增加。當(dāng)他們沒有工作的時(shí)候，他們邀請(qǐng)我們參加當(dāng)?shù)氐幕顒?dòng)，讓我們知道一場有趣的比賽以及背后的故事。15.(2021新高考1)Acompany________________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairline

wasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercups

onallofits1,200dailyflight.representative考點(diǎn)2.考查名詞的單數(shù)形式：①__________________________;②____________________________；③_____________________+_______+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；④_________+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞一位公司代表回信告訴我航空公司用紙杯代替塑料杯，每天1200次的飛行。a/an/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞a/an+名詞(定語)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞a/an/形容詞性物主代詞

形容詞manya(my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their)16.(2022新高考1)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimprove

connectivitybetweenseparate

_______________

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas，and

eventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationin

thewild.17.Thegroupaskedforcontributionsfromdifferent

______________(department)andraisedfunds

withintheinternationalcommunity.(U1B2From

problemstosolutions)18.Atthesametime,weallgothroughvarious

______

(period)whenwefeelsadoralone.19.Chinaisacompositeof

diverse

_________(tradition)

andpeople.populationsdepartmentsperiodstraditions考點(diǎn)3：名詞前有形容詞__________________________

等

+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。separate,different,variousdiverse(不同的)GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系，最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。該組織向不同部門征集捐款和在國際社會(huì)內(nèi)部募集資金中國是一個(gè)多種多樣傳統(tǒng)和人的綜合體。20.(2023新高考卷II)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive__________(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.21.(2023全國卷乙)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural________(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.interviews他們還需要準(zhǔn)備好用英語接受國際記者的采訪。這就是他們需要英語培訓(xùn)師的原因。wonders但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一個(gè)歡迎現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏發(fā)展的地方，21世紀(jì)的建筑奇跡與過去的歷史建筑并存。22.(2023浙江1月)ThankstoBeijing'slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric_______(event).events感謝北京作為中國首都的悠久的歷史，同時(shí)每一條胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有-些還跟歷史事件有關(guān)。23.(2021新高考卷I)Therollingseaofcloudsyou

seeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou

howtinywe________(human)are.24.(2021·全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitin

twohours,butwestoppedatthedifferent

gatesand

____________(watchtower)to

fakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocal

peoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.25.(2021全國乙卷)___________(activity)

thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking

(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.humanswatchtowers據(jù)說你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T和了望臺(tái)停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。Activities26.(2020浙江卷)Later,theylearnedtowork

withthe

_______(season),plantingatthe

righttimeand,indryareas,makinguseof

annualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.27.(2018全國卷I)Twooftheauthorsofthe

reviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014

whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesa

dayofrunningreducedtheriskofheart

diseaseandearlydeathsfromall_____

(cause).seasonscauses后來，他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。文章作者中有兩人在2014年還發(fā)表了一篇研究報(bào)告，指出每天只需跑步5到10分鐘就可以減低因各種原因?qū)е碌男呐K病和早逝的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。28.(2017全國卷I)Thistrend,whichwas

startedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)

asamethodoffightingheartdisease,has

hadsomeunintendedside______(effect)

suchasoverweightandheartdisease—the

verythingthemedicalcommunitywas

tryingtofight.29.(2017全國卷III)Shehasturneddown

several_________(invitation)tostarat

showsinordertoconcentrateonher

studies.effectsinvitations為了專心學(xué)習(xí)，她已經(jīng)拒絕了幾場走秀。

這個(gè)趨勢由醫(yī)學(xué)界發(fā)起作為一種對(duì)抗心臟病的方法，它有一些意想不到的副作用，比如超重和心臟病-醫(yī)學(xué)界正在努力抗?fàn)幍臇|西。

考點(diǎn)4.考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞前有these,those

___,____,______,

____,other,few,

afew,many,alargenumberof,agreat/

goodmany,acoupleof,scoresof,dozens

of,aseaof,avarietyof,hundredsof,thousandof+____________。allsomeseveralmost可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式考點(diǎn)5.名詞前的修飾語：1.名詞前有________________________;

Itisoneofthewonderful_________

(phenomenon)ofnature.2.名詞前有大于2或等于2的基數(shù)詞，如two,three

等時(shí)，填名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3.abitof,(a)little(少),much,agreatdealof,

alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞。4.名詞前有some,many,any,plentyof,enough,alot

of,lotsof,anumberof,acoupleof,adozenof,

largequantityof,quantitiesof,amassof,masses

of等后既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。5.表“在某人幾十歲時(shí)”用_____________。

如：inhisseventies

Itwasinhis_____

(forty)thathereturned

homefromabroad.phenomenaoneofthe+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)inone’s+基數(shù)詞的

復(fù)數(shù)形式forties考點(diǎn)6.規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：1.一般名詞在詞尾加__.reason→__________(理由)advantage→___________(優(yōu)點(diǎn))painting→__________(畫作)dream→___________(夢想)approach→___________bush→__________(灌木)branch→________(分支，樹枝)brush→_______

class→_______glass→_______coach→_______match→______

watch→______switch__________(開關(guān)，改變)compass→_______wish→_____例外：stomach→___________(胃)2.以_,_,__,__結(jié)尾的名詞，一般加___.reasonsadvantagespaintingsdreamsapproachesbushesbranchesbrushesclassesglassescoachesmatcheswatchesswitchescompasseswishesstomachs-ssxchsh-es3.以“輔音字母+__”結(jié)尾的名詞，改___為___,再加____.accessory→_________(配飾，配件)activity→__________category→_________(類別，種類)gallery→________celebrity→__________(名人，名望)memory→_________ceremony→________charity→_________(慈善)company→

________dictionary→___________discovery→__________enemy→______________family→_________opportunity→___________yyi-esaccessoriesactivitiescategoriesgalleriescelebritiesmemoriesceremoniescharities

companiesdictionariesdiscoveriesenemiesfamiliesopportunities4.以f或-fe結(jié)

尾的名詞，改_____為____,再加_____.life→_______knife→________half→______

leaf→______loaf→_______wife→______wolf→_______shelf→______thief→________

belief→___________(信仰)chief→__________(首領(lǐng))roof→_________(屋頂)proof→________(證明，證據(jù))gulf→______(海灣)safe→______(保險(xiǎn)箱)5.以f結(jié)尾的名詞也有直接加____.f,fevesliveskniveshalvesleavesloaveswiveswolvesshelves

thieves-sbeliefschiefsroofsproofsgulfssafes6.以o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般加_____;photo→_______bamboo→______piano→_______video→_______kilo→________radio→_______studio→_______(演播室)zoo→________hero→_______(英雄)potato→__________(馬鈴薯)tomato→________(西紅柿)echo→________(回聲)7.有些以o結(jié)尾的名詞,加____.8.有些以o結(jié)尾的名詞,加___或____.zero→_____________(零)mosquito→________________(蚊子)motto→__________________(座右銘)volcano→__________________(火山)sphotosbamboospianosvideoskilosradiosstudioszoos

heroes-espotatoestomatoesechoes-s-eszeros/zeroesmosquitos/mosquitoesmottos/mottoesvolcanos/volcanoescattle→_______(牛)deer→________(鹿)sheep→_______(綿羊)works→_______(工廠)means→_______(方法)fish→__________(魚)series→________(連續(xù))species→________(類別)Chinese→______(中國人)Japanese→_____(日本人)2)特殊變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：child→________(孩子)

foot→_____(腳)tooth→______(牙齒)goose→_______(鵝)man→______(男人)woman→_______(女人)mandoctor→________womanteacher→____