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2012年6月16日大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe
topicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteat
least150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand
answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfrom
thefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentences
withtheinformationgiveninthepassage.
TheThree-YearSolution
HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,
makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyears
insteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear'stuitionandfees.A
numberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousabout
savingtimeandmoney.Thafsbothanopportunityandawarningforthebest
higher-educationsystemintheworld.
TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinese
surveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.Our
researchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthat
helpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld'swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld*s
brighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.
Yet,therearesignsofperil(危險(xiǎn))withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.colleges
havetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,
nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe
532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawarded
competitively.
Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthe
fall-to-springuschoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,
whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashington
UniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesits
facilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.uWhilecollege
facilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothe
highcostofrunningacollege/1hehaswritten.
Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(終身職位),combinedwithage-discrimination
laws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchanging
times-difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovative
thinking,thetenuresystemoftenstales(壓制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwinthe
approvalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessand
sometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.
Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloan
debt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,
andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.The
averageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehas
stretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconvenienced
byunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.
CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandother
formsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.Thestack
ofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwice
astallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.
Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayof
doingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegree
means.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16
first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschooPsnew
threeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,
highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytoward
advanceddegrees.
Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Instead
oftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafour
weekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,
includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudent
mayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourse
registration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheir
pay-
Thethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.
JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-year
optionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms“inMayandJunetoearnthecredits
requiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaare
amongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.
Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudents
toearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.Oneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollege
todaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollege
levelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeit
easyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.
Forstudentswhodon'tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-year
planmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversity
MedicalSchooPsresidency(住院醫(yī)生)program,enrolledinVanderbiltsundergraduate
collegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhis
classmates/*Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantI
hadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmy
senioryear,"saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.
Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.For
one,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)intellectually.Compressing
everythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engagingin
extracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfewer
opportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor'sclass.lowaJsWaldorfCollegehasgraduated
severalhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingoutthe
option.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,
socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatens
thecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.
“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight-asa
waytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,“DerekBok,
formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.,1stronglydisagreewiththis
approach.nAnotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproduceless
revenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.
Adoptingathree-yearoptionw川notcomeeasilytomostschool.Thosethatwishto
tackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasierto
takeTrachtenberg'sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.uYoucouldruntwocomplete
colleges,withtwocompletefaculties,nhesays."That'swithoutcuttingthelengthof
students*vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”
Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,
challengethetenuresystem-oralloftheabove-universitiesareslowlyrealizingthatto
staycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.
Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthan
askingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,or
askingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenient
schedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhavea
competitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.Thesesortsofinnovations
canhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。
1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?
A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.
B)Tocutstudents*expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.
2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.
A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange
B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth
C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse
D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring
3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.
A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom
B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination
4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?
A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.
B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.
C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.
D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.
5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogram?
A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.
B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.
C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.
D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.
6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthree
years?
A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents5needs.
B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.
C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.
D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.
7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?
A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.
B)Studentsdon'thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.
C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.
D)Studentsdon'thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.
8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintothe
workforcemightposeathreatto.
9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychanging
worldinorderto.
10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswill
bemoreattractiveto.
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long
conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked
aboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.
Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答.
11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.
B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.
C)Theinjuryw川confineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.
D)Thedoctor'stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.
12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.
B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.
C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.
D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister's.
13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.
B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.
C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.
D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.
14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.
B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.
C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.
D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.
15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.
B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.
C)TellTony'smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.
D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.
16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.
B)Theimpactofmassmedia.
C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.
D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.
17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.
B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.
C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.
D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.
18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.
B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.
C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.
D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.
Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.
B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.
C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.
D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.
20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.
B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.
C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.
D)Swimstraightintothesametank.
21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.
B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.
C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.
D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins*reach.
Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.
B)Inalectureroom.
C)Inaresorttown.
D)Onacattlefarm.
23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.
B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.
C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.
D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.
24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.
B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.
C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.
D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.
25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.
B)Therefreshingair.
C)Themineralwaters.
D)Thevastgrassland.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,
youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly
once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices
markedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha
singlelinethroughthecenter.
Passageone
Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
26.A)
B)
C)
D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.
27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.
B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.
C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.
D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.
28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.
B)Theywereoftheuniversity^housingpolicy.
C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.
D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.
29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.
B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.
C)Theygrewboredofeachother.
D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.
Passagetwo
Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.
B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.
C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.
D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.
31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.
B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.
C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.
D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.
32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.
B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.
C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.
D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.
PassageThree
Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.
B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.
C)Heisahabitualcriminal.
D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.
34.A)Thejury'sprejudiceagainsthisrace.
B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.
C)Thetwovictims*identification.
D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.
35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.
B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.
C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer'squestions.
D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.
SECTIONB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageis
readforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageis
readforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43with
theexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofill
inthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhave
justheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageis
readforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
注意:此部分的試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearas
recession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallow
onlya(36)improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37)
_________said.
Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)
anestimated7percentduetoa(39)inU.S.demandforMexican
exportssuchascars.
The(40)ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)
ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)the
nation'sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.
“(43)roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”Castro
toldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.
(44).
.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.
“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,nCastrosaid.
(45).
.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorword
inrestaurants.
(46)______________________________________________________________________
.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry'stax,energy
andlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBraziland
Chile.
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincomplete
statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethe
statementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2
Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegas
emissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovation
hasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbefore
cleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.
Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimits
proposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),“Aslongaswe*re
consumingfossilfuels,we'reputtingoutCO2,nsaysKlausLackner,ageophysicistat
Columbia,University^^WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely/*
ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichthe
IPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededto
reduceglobalwarming.uWeseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegral
roleinreducingemissions,MsaysKimCorley,Shell'ssenioradvisorofCO2and
environmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.
DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billion
coal-burningenergyplant.Theplantscarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilot
projectforothernewcoal-burningplants.
Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou'vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputitto
newuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoal
intosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereit
ispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2
tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsand
vegetables.
However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsof
long-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageinthe
ocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(鹽的)
formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?
48.Whatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereduction
ofCO2emissions?
49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreit
and.
50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.
51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.
SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),
B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
Answersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerally
producesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealistic
goalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.
Whafsfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffects
ofgoal-setting.
Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesand
businessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeen
surprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhave
contributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.
“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,the
samemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalso
motivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors/1saysMaurice
Schweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.
“Itturnsoutthere*snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal-youjustgeta
psychologicalbenefit5Schweitzersays."Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomic
rewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.n
AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseof
energy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivate
salesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactual
tradeswerenotprofitable.
Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompel
themtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposeda
salesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandto
completeunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.
Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethat
commendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissue
withhisteam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthat
goal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed
Inarebuttal(反駁)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:uGoal-settingisnotgoingaway.
Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymore
thananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”
ButSchweitzercontendsthe"mountingcausalevidenceMlinkinggoal-settingand
harmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurther
investigation.uEvenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmany
positiveeffects,"hesays.
“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbeto
combinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethe
goalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmthe
organization,MSchweitzersays.
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?
A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.
B)Thegoalincreasepeople'sworkefficiency.
C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.
D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.
53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?
A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.
B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.
C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.
D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.
54.HowdidSears1goal-settingaffectitsemployees?
A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.
B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.
C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.
D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.
55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer'sresearch?
A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.
B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.
C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.
D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.
56.WhatisSchweitzer'scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?
A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.
B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.
C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.
D)Studyinggoal-settingc
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