6月英語(yǔ)六真題與答案解析

2012年6月16日大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe

topicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteat

least150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfrom

thefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentences

withtheinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheThree-YearSolution

HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,

makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyears

insteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear'stuitionandfees.A

numberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousabout

savingtimeandmoney.Thafsbothanopportunityandawarningforthebest

higher-educationsystemintheworld.

TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinese

surveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.Our

researchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthat

helpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld'swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld*s

brighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.

Yet,therearesignsofperil（危險(xiǎn)）withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.colleges

havetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,

nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe

532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawarded

competitively.

Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthe

fall-to-springuschoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,

whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashington

UniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesits

facilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.uWhilecollege

facilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothe

highcostofrunningacollege/1hehaswritten.

Withinacademicdepartments,tenure（終身職位），combinedwithage-discrimination

laws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchanging

times-difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovative

thinking,thetenuresystemoftenstales（壓制）them:youngerprofessorsmustwinthe

approvalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessand

sometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.

Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloan

debt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,

andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.The

averageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehas

stretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconvenienced

byunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.

CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandother

formsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.Thestack

ofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwice

astallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.

Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayof

doingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegree

means.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16

first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschooPsnew

threeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,

highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytoward

advanceddegrees.

Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Instead

oftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafour

weekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,

includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudent

mayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourse

registration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheir

pay-

Thethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.

JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-year

optionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms“inMayandJunetoearnthecredits

requiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaare

amongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.

Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudents

toearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.Oneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollege

todaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollege

levelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeit

easyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.

Forstudentswhodon'tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-year

planmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversity

MedicalSchooPsresidency(住院醫(yī)生)program,enrolledinVanderbiltsundergraduate

collegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhis

classmates/*Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantI

hadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmy

senioryear,"saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.

Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.For

one,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam（遨游）intellectually.Compressing

everythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engagingin

extracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfewer

opportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor'sclass.lowaJsWaldorfCollegehasgraduated

severalhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingoutthe

option.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,

socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatens

thecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.

“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight-asa

waytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,“DerekBok,

formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.,1stronglydisagreewiththis

approach.nAnotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproduceless

revenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.

Adoptingathree-yearoptionw川notcomeeasilytomostschool.Thosethatwishto

tackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasierto

takeTrachtenberg'sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.uYoucouldruntwocomplete

colleges,withtwocompletefaculties,nhesays."That'swithoutcuttingthelengthof

students*vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”

Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,

challengethetenuresystem-oralloftheabove-universitiesareslowlyrealizingthatto

staycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.

Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthan

askingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,or

askingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenient

schedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhavea

competitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.Thesesortsofinnovations

canhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?

A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.

B)Tocutstudents*expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.

2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.

A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange

B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth

C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse

D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring

3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.

A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom

B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination

4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?

A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.

B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.

C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.

D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.

5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogram?

A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.

B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.

C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.

D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.

6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthree

years?

A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents5needs.

B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.

C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.

D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.

7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?

A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.

B)Studentsdon'thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.

C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.

D)Studentsdon'thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.

8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintothe

workforcemightposeathreatto.

9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychanging

worldinorderto.

10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswill

bemoreattractiveto.

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

aboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答.

11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.

B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.

C)Theinjuryw川confineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.

D)Thedoctor'stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.

12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.

B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.

C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.

D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister's.

13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.

B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.

C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.

D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.

14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.

B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.

C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.

D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.

15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.

B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.

C)TellTony'smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.

D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.

16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.

B)Theimpactofmassmedia.

C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.

D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.

17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.

B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.

C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.

D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.

18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.

B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.

C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.

D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.

B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.

C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.

D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.

20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.

B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.

C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.

D)Swimstraightintothesametank.

21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.

B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.

C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.

D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins*reach.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.

B)Inalectureroom.

C)Inaresorttown.

D)Onacattlefarm.

23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.

B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.

C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.

D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.

24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.

B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.

C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.

D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.

25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.

B)Therefreshingair.

C)Themineralwaters.

D)Thevastgrassland.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecenter.

Passageone

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)

B)

C)

D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.

27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.

B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.

C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.

D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.

28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.

B)Theywereoftheuniversity^housingpolicy.

C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.

D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.

29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.

B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.

C)Theygrewboredofeachother.

D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.

Passagetwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.

B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.

C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.

D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.

31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.

B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.

C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.

D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.

32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.

B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.

C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.

D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.

B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.

C)Heisahabitualcriminal.

D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.

34.A)Thejury'sprejudiceagainsthisrace.

B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.

C)Thetwovictims*identification.

D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.

35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.

B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.

C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer'squestions.

D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.

SECTIONB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageis

readforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageis

readforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43with

theexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofill

inthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhave

justheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageis

readforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分的試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearas

recession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallow

onlya(36)improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37)

_________said.

Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)

anestimated7percentduetoa(39)inU.S.demandforMexican

exportssuchascars.

The(40)ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)

ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)the

nation'sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.

“(43)roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”Castro

toldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.

(44).

.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.

“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,nCastrosaid.

(45).

.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorword

inrestaurants.

(46)______________________________________________________________________

.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry'stax,energy

andlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBraziland

Chile.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincomplete

statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethe

statementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegas

emissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovation

hasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbefore

cleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.

Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimits

proposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),“Aslongaswe*re

consumingfossilfuels,we'reputtingoutCO2,nsaysKlausLackner,ageophysicistat

Columbia,University^^WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely/*

ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichthe

IPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededto

reduceglobalwarming.uWeseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegral

roleinreducingemissions,MsaysKimCorley,Shell'ssenioradvisorofCO2and

environmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.

DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billion

coal-burningenergyplant.Theplantscarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilot

projectforothernewcoal-burningplants.

Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou'vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputitto

newuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoal

intosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereit

ispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2

tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsand

vegetables.

However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsof

long-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageinthe

ocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline（鹽的）

formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?

48.Whatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereduction

ofCO2emissions?

49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreit

and.

50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.

51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

Answersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerally

producesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealistic

goalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

Whafsfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffects

ofgoal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesand

businessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeen

surprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhave

contributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.

“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,the

samemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalso

motivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors/1saysMaurice

Schweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.

“Itturnsoutthere*snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal-youjustgeta

psychologicalbenefit5Schweitzersays."Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomic

rewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.n

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseof

energy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivate

salesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactual

tradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompel

themtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposeda

salesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandto

completeunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethat

commendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissue

withhisteam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthat

goal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal（反駁）paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:uGoal-settingisnotgoingaway.

Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymore

thananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”

ButSchweitzercontendsthe"mountingcausalevidenceMlinkinggoal-settingand

harmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurther

investigation.uEvenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmany

positiveeffects,"hesays.

“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbeto

combinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethe

goalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmthe

organization,MSchweitzersays.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B)Thegoalincreasepeople'sworkefficiency.

C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?

A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

54.HowdidSears1goal-settingaffectitsemployees?

A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.

B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.

C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.

D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.

55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer'sresearch?

A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.

B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.

C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.

D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.

56.WhatisSchweitzer'scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?

A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.

B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.

C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.

D)Studyinggoal-settingc