2024 全球6G技術(shù)大會(huì) -10.0R Requirements of 6G+ FutureTy Video Application Scenarios

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Contents

Preface 1

1.DevelopmentCharacteristicsandTechnicalRequirementsofNewVideoApplicationsandNew

TerminalswiththeEvolutionof5Gto6G

3

1.1DevelopmentTrendsof3DTechnologyandApplication 3

1.2DevelopmentTrendsofVR/XRTechnologyandApplication 5

2.CharacteristicsandTechnicalRequirementsofDifferentTerminalApplicationScenariosof"Future

TV"

6

2.1TheConceptandDevelopmentTrendsof"FutureTV" 6

2.2DiversifiedPresentationMethodsandCharacteristicsofProductionofImmersiveAudiovisual

Experience

7

2.3Developmentof6G+UHD-RelatedApplicationScenarios 16

3.TechnicalFeaturesofImmersive8KVRLiveStreamingProcess 23

3.1OverallFrameworkof8KVRLiveStreamingSystem 23

3.2VRContentCollectionandStitching 24

3.3VRVideoEncoding 24

3.4VRContentDelivery 26

3.5VRStreamingMediaTransmission 26

3.6CloudVR 27

3.7TechnicalFeaturesof8KVRLiveStreamingSystem 28

4.FutureTV'sDemandfor6GMobileNetworks 32

5.Conclusion 35

Participants

3

7

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Preface

SinceChinaenteredthe5Gera,thecombinationof5Gandultrahighdefinition(UHD)technologyandapplicationhasbecomethefastest-growingscenarioamong5G-relatedapplications.Withtheemergenceofalargeamountofhigh-qualityUHDcontent,theuserexperiencerequirementsof5Gmobileterminalsaremet.Inparticular,withthecharacteristicsof"ultra-highbandwidthandultra-lowlatency"of5G,4Kand8Klivebroadcastsprovidetheproductiondomainwithamoreefficientandflexiblelarge-bandwidthwirelesstransmissionsolution.Inaddition,asthecoresupportingtechnologyfortheexpansionof5Gtechnology,UHDtechnologyenablescross-industrydigitaltransformationinmultiplefields,offeringmorediversedigitalsolutionsforindustry,medicalcare,military,education,andotherfields.

Withthefurtherdevelopmentofmobilecommunicationstechnology,theconceptof6G,thenextgenerationofmobilecommunicationtechnology,hasbeenlaunchedwiththeemergenceofdemandformoreapplicationscenarios,andtheiterativeupgradingoftechnologiesoffering"ultra-highbandwidthandultra-lowlatency",andthedevelopmentofUHD8Kandimmersiveinteractivevideoexperienceapplicationshavepromotedtherapiddevelopmentofnewterminalexperiences,suchasVR/XRand3Dstereoscopicdisplay.Userswillbeabletofullyenjoythenewaudiovisualandsensoryexperiencebroughtbynewtechnologies.

Since2023,theNationalRadioandTelevisionAdministrationandotherministriesandcommissionshavebeenpromotingChina'sdevelopmentplanforfuture-orientedTV.Theconceptof"TV"willnolongerbelimitedtothesingleplatformoftraditionalflat-screenTVs.Outdoorlargescreens,mobileInternetterminalssuchasmobilephones/pads,interactivehead-mounteddisplayterminalssuchasVR/ARglasses,thenewgenerationof3Dstereoscopicdisplayterminals(including3DLEDscreens,mobilephonesandpadsusingnaked-eye3Dtechnology,etc.)andevensomenewvideoterminalsandmediathatarestillunderdevelopmentandhaveyettobereleasedwillbecomethedisseminationmediaof"TV"contentaspertheconceptof"futureTV".

Sinceeachvideoterminalandmediausesdifferentpresentationmethods,andisusedindifferentscenarios,theirrequirementsontechnicalspecificationsalsovary.However,theviewers'desireforhigherqualityaudiovisualexperiencewithtechnologyoptimizationwillnotchange.Thenewaudiovisualtechnologiessuchas4K/8K,HDR,and3Dsound,largerflat-screenterminals,andinteractiveterminalswithanultra-largeviewinganglesuchasVRallrequire8Kresolution,highframerate(HFR),andgreaterreal-timetransmissioncapabilities.Moreover,whenswitchingvideocontentbetweendifferentterminals,suchasswitchingfrommobilephonestolargescreens,andtohead-mounteddisplays(switchingbetween"screens",andtheconversionofprojectionmethodsofcontentfromdifferentcontentproviders,suchasradioandtelevisionoperators,communicationsoperators,andpersonalmedia,whenswitchingbetweendifferentterminals),smooth"projection"conversion(seamless,highlysynchronized,andzero-delaysignalswitchingandconnection)isalsocrucialtoend-userexperience.

Thisdocumentationmainlyprovidesrelevantsuggestionsandreferencesforthecharacteristics,technicalrequirements,andrecommendedsolutionsformultiplelivebroadcastapplicationsinthescenariosinvolvedin"futureTV",aswellashowtomorecloselyintegratewith6Gtechnologyandapplicationscenariostoachievemoreinnovativelivebroadcastcontent,experience,andcross-industryapplicationsolutions.

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1.DevelopmentCharacteristicsand

TechnicalRequirementsofNewVideoApplicationsandNewTerminalswiththe

Evolutionof5Gto6G

Users'demandfordiverseapplicationsdrivesthecontinuousupgradeofnetworktechnology.Sincetheconceptof6Gwasproposedinthecommunicationsfield,6Gstandards,technologies,andapplicationshavedevelopedrapidly.

Theiterativeupgradeoftechnologyhasalsoacceleratedapplicationinnovation.Justas3GpromotesthedevelopmentofsocialmediasuchasWeiboandTwitter,and4GfacilitatesapplicationscenariossuchasWeChatande-commerce,5Gbringshigh-definitionmobileshort-formvideosandinteractivelivestreamingexperience,andacceleratesthedigitaltransformationofverticalindustries.Now6Gisontheway.6Gwillusemorefrequencybandssuchastheuppermid-frequencybandtofurtherincreasenetworktransmissionspeed.Anditwillneedtorealizenetworkvalueandempowerthousandsofindustriesthroughnewcapabilitiesandnewapplicationscenarios,andacceleratethepositivecycleofindustryandbusinessthroughapplicationinnovation.

Thepeaktransmissionrateofthe6Gnetworkwillreachover100Gbps,muchgreaterthanthatofthe5Gnetwork,whichis10Gbps.Thetheoreticalcommunicationdelayofthe6Gnetworkwillbeonly0.1milliseconds,onlyone-tenthofthatofthe5Gnetwork.SuchtechnicalspecificationscanalreadymeetthetechnicalrequirementsofwireduncompressedtransmissioneveninthefieldofprofessionalUHD4K/8Kbroadcastandtelevisionproduction,sothe6Gnetworkcan,intheory,significantlyreducetheencodinganddecodingdelaycausedbydeepvideocompressionusedinthepast.Therefore,theactualtotaldelay(linkdelay+processingdelay)willalsobegreatlyreduced,fundamentallysolvingtheinconveniencecausedtoprofessionalproductionbythedelayinwirelesstransmission,andopeninguppossibilitiesformorevideoapplicationinnovations.

As5Gevolvestowards6G,whatuniqueapplicationinnovationswillitbringtoconsumers?Whenwilltheseapplicationinnovationsbeabletobeimplementedforcommercialuseonalargescale?

Fornow,regardingvideoapplicationscenarios,webelievethatinthe6Gstage,basedontheexistingcombinationof5G+4K/8KUHDtechnology,explosivegrowthopportunitieswillemergeintheapplicationofnaked-eye3DtechnologyandscenariossuchasVR/XRwiththecontinuousupgradeofnewterminals.

1.1DevelopmentTrendsof3DTechnologyandApplication

Withthedevelopmentof5Gtechnology,consumerserviceisshowingnewtrendsofbeingon

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thecloud,three-dimensionalandArtificial-Intelligence.Comparedwithtraditional2Dvideos,3Dvideoshavealsogonethroughalongdevelopmentprocess.Althoughitsmarketsharehasbeenlimitedduetothecomplexityandcostofproduction,technicallimitationsofterminals(includingcinemasandhead-mountedterminals),andpoorexperience,itisincompetenttoreplace2Dtobecomemainstream.

However,theviewers'lovefor3Dexperienceandwillingnesstoconsumein3Dapplicationscenarioshaveneverdiminished.Theboxofficeandpopularityof3Dexperienceand3Dfilmsinthemeparks(Disneyland,UniversalStudios,etc.)andcinemas(especiallysciencefictionfilms,animations,etc.)fullyprovethat3Dtechnologyandapplicationhavesufficientmarketcompetitiveness.Infact,thedevelopmentandattentionof3Dhavebeenexperiencingupsanddownsduetovariousdefectsandshortcomings,butwiththecontinuousupgradingoftechnologyindifferentpartsofeachlink,haveexplodedalmosteverytentofifteenyears.

Thelastexplosionpointwasaround2010withthereleaseofthemovieAvatarwhenthepopularizationof3Ddigitalcinemasdrovehigh-quality3Dexperience.Atthesametime,thelaunchof3DTVstriggeredasalespromotionboomandtheemergenceof3DTVchannels,bringingaboutanexplosivegrowthin3D.However,duetothecomplexityandhighcostofcontentproduction,poorterminalexperienceandtheinconvenienceofwearing3Dglasses,thelackofclarityandpooreffectofnaked-eyeterminals,andotherissues,3Dterminalswerenotcompetitiveenoughinthemarketcomparedwiththerapidlypopularized4KUHDterminals,andaround2016,3Denteredalowperiod.

AttheGoogleI/OconferenceheldinMay2021,GoogleannouncedtheholographicvideochattechnologyProjectStarline(3Dvideochatroom)andtriggeredahugeresponseintheindustry.Itisagroundbreakinglightfielddisplaysystembuiltbasedoncomputervision,machinelearning,spatialaudioanddatacompressiontechnology,andisdesignedtoreplaceone-on-one2Dvideoconferencecallsandbuildaninteractivecommunicationexperiencewhereusersfeelliketheyaresittinginfrontofarealperson.

Inthepasttwoyears,anewgenerationof3Ddisplayterminalshasbeenmaturing,includingthenaked-eye3DpadsreleasedbyZTE.GOOVISandothermanufacturershavelaunched"head-mountedhomecinemas"—portablehead-mounteddisplaysthatcanbedirectlyconnectedto5Gmobilephones,closelybindinghigh-quality3Dcontentwith5Gmobileterminals.Inaddition,theVRhead-mounteddisplayterminalisoneofthemediaof3Dcontent,markingthattheemergenceofanewgenerationofportableterminalsalsoprovidesagoodopportunityfortherevivalof3D.

Applicationinnovationssuchas3Dcloudvideo,naked-eye3Dcalls,andXRmetaverse,especiallytheUHDtechnology,whichempowers3Dcontentproductionandrealitybyupgradinghigh-definition3Dto4K3Dandbygreatlyimprovingthesenseofrealityandimmersion,placehigherrequirementsontheexistingnetworkandrequirefasternetworktransmissionfromcloudtoterminals.6Gtechnologywillallowconsumerstonotonlywatchnaked-eye3Dvideosathomeinthefuture,butalsoenjoy3Dvideoexperienceandotherdiverseapplicationscenariosusingmobilephonesanddedicateddevicesatanytimeinplacessuchasoutdoorareas,subways,andbuses.

Thedevelopmentofthenaked-eye3Dindustryisinseparablefromthesupportofexcellentvideocontent,especiallylivebroadcastcontent.Thehighnetworkbandwidthprovidedby6GandtherapidlydevelopingAIGC(AI-generatedcontent)willgreatlyimprovetheefficiencyandqualityofcontentcreation,andthusgreatlypromotetherapiddevelopmentofindustrial

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applicationssuchasnaked-eye3Dvideos.

1.2DevelopmentTrendsofVR/XRTechnologyand

Application

Inthe5Gera,5G+VRhasbecomeoneofthestandardizedapplicationscenariosof5G,andseveralvirtualreality(VR)applications,suchasVRpanoramicvideoandVRcloudgaming,haveappearedonmajorvideoandgamingplatforms.

8KtechnologyhasgreatlyimprovedthepresentationeffectofVRvideocontent.Inparticular,theAppleVisionProwithmonocular4K×4KLEDresolutionachievesahighresolutionof35-37PPDatanimmersiveviewingangleofnearly100°,improvingtherestorationabilityofVRhead-mounteddisplayterminalstoanunprecedentedlevel.Itisfairtosaythatwiththefullyimmersiveviewingangleof360°VR,8Kandhigherdefinitionsinthefuturebecomearealnecessity.Ashigh-qualityVRlivebroadcastcontentwitharesolutionof8Korabovekeepsemerging,andlarge-scaleimmersivecontentcanbeefficientlymass-produced,withthelargebandwidthtransmissioncapabilityandlowlatencyadvantagesof6G,providingviewerswithhigh-bit-ratereal-timedatatransmissioncapabilitiesandlow-latencyinteractiveresponsesthataresuitablefor8Kandhigherresolutions,andhigh-definitionthree-dimensionalspatialvideosonanewgenerationofVRhead-mounteddisplayterminalsmaybehighlysoughtafterbyusersintheInternetera.

Atthesametime,extendedreality(XR),asanimportanttechnicalsupportfortheMetaverse,hasattractedmoreandmoreattentionfromtheindustry.Withtheemergenceoflightweighthead-mounteddisplays,therearemoreandmoreaugmentedreality(AR)andmixedreality(MR)applications.Atpresent,thesehead-mounteddisplaysaremainlyconnectedtoserversviawiresorWi-Fi,whichlimitstheareawhereuserscanusetheservice.As6Gnetworkcoveragegraduallyincreasesinthefuture,ultra-largebandwidth,ultra-lowlatency,andultra-high-speedconnectionof6GcanmeettheneedsofawiderrangeofXRservices.

Asmorenewvideoapplicationscenariosandterminalscontinuetoemergeinthe6Gera,wecanpredictthatinthenearfuture,viewers,nomatterwheretheyare,canwatchprogramcontentusingdifferentexperiencemethods(largeUHDscreens,verticalscreenofmobilephone,3DTV,VRandAR,oroutdooron-boarddevices,Internetaccessdevices,experiencedeviceswithtactileperception,etc.),andenjoyavarietyofviewingandinteractiveexperiencesbasedontheirownneedsandpreferences.

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2.CharacteristicsandTechnical

RequirementsofDifferentTerminal

ApplicationScenariosof"FutureTV"

2.1TheConceptandDevelopmentTrendsof"FutureTV"

"FutureTV"isabroadaudiovisualconceptthatrepresentsthefuturedevelopmenttrendsoftheaudiovisualindustry.Itismorethantelevision,butanewconceptualmodelandasystematicandrevolutionaryiterativeupgrade.Themaincharacteristicsincludediversifiedpresentationmethods,immersiveaudiovisualexperiences,applicationinallscenarios,intelligentserviceforms,andcollaborativeservicesupply.

Specifically,diversifiedpresentationmethodsmeanthatthepresentationmediaisnotlimitedtotelevisions,butcanalsobevariousdisplaymediathatcanbeseeneverywhereinlife,includingvarioushandheldterminals,wearabledevices,outdoorlargescreensandotherdisplaymedia.

ImmersiveaudiovisualexperiencesincludeUHD,immersivevideo,3Dsound,VR/AR,MR,XR,interactivevideo,freeview,stereoscopic3D,holographicimagingandotherexperiencemethods.Viewerscanchooseaudiovisualservicesfreely.

Applicationinallscenariosmeansthatitisexpectedtobeappliedinallscenariosrequiringaudiovisualserviceinlife,andfullyintegratedintothedigitallifeofthemasses.

Intelligentserviceformswillenableacloseintegrationoftherealworldandthevirtualworld,freeselectionofprogramcontent,real-timeinteraction,on-demandcustomization,intelligentdistribution,andbeinghuman-centered,andofferabundantinteractiveexperiencestomeetthemulti-levelneedsofconsumers.

Collaborativeservicesupplymeansthat"futureTV"willdrivecollaborationandintegrationacrosstheindustry,bothinternallyandexternally,toformanewproductionandbroadcastingsystem,servicesystemandmanagementsystemfeaturingnetworkinterconnection,serviceinterworkinganddatasharing.

Figure2.1.1Withdiverseandimmersiveaudiovisualexperiences,variousterminalsandmedia

providemoreabundantaudiovisualchoicesforviewers.

2.2DiversifiedPresentationMethodsandCharacteristicsof

ProductionofImmersiveAudiovisualExperience

Ontheonehand,providingmoretargetedcustomizedcontentexperiencesfordifferentmediaterminalshasbecomeanecessity.Viewers,nomatterwheretheyare,canwatchthesameprogramcontentusingdifferentexperiencemethods(largeUHDscreens,3DTV,VRandAR,oroutdooron-boarddevices,Internetaccessdevices,experiencedeviceswithtactileperception,etc.),enjoyingdiverseviewingexperiences.

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Figure2.2.1Therewillbediverseterminalsinthe“futureTV”scenarios.

Figure2.2.2Thecompositeprogramproductionmethodin"MetaStudio"providesvariousformsofcontentfor"futureTV".

Figure2.2.3Differentcameras,basedonstandard4K/8Kproductionandbroadcastingsystems

andformats,formacompositeproductionsystem.

Basedonthisdemandandapplicationscenario,tomeettherequirementsoflarge-scaleprogramproduction,wecanconsiderusingdifferentcameras,suchas4K/8KLive-productionbroadcastcameras,8KVRcameras,4K/3Dcameras,etc.,followingthesameradioandtelevisionproductionspecifications,andconnectingtothe4K/8Kbroadcast-levelLive-productionsystemtoformahigh-qualityprogramproductionprocess.Ultimately,theencoderprovideslivestreamsofcorrespondingspecificationsaccordingtothespecificrequirementsofdifferentterminalsand

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platforms,andthentransmitsthemviathe5Gnetworkorotherchannels.

User

Terminal

Resolution(MaximumSupported)

AspectRatio

Frame

Rate

DynamicRange

ReferenceBitRate(toPlatforms)

Remarks

4Klargescreen

3840×2160

16:9

50/60P

HDR

30Mbps

8Klargescreen

7680×4320

16:9

50/60P

HDR

80Mbps

Mobilephone(verticalscreen)

1080×1920

9:16

50/60P

HDR

10Mbps

VRhead-

mounted

display

(supports

8K)

7680×3840

2:1

50/60P

SDR

80Mbps

7680×4320(16:9)canbe

adoptedintheproduction

process.

Naked-

eye3D

pad

3840×2160

16:9(4K,HalfSidebySide)

50/60P

SDR

30Mbps

3840×1080(HD,fullsidebyside)canalsobeused.

AR

glasses

3840×2160

16:9(4K,HalfSidebySide)

50/60P

SDR

30Mbps

1920×1080(HD,halfsidebyside)canalsobeused.

Table2.2.1ReferenceValuesforProductionSpecificationsforDifferentTerminals

Ontheotherhand,providingimmersiveaudiovisualexperiencesistheultimategoalofallvideocontentcreatorsandthedrivingforcebehindthedevelopmentofaudiovisualtechnology.Wehopetocreatemorerealandclearervisualexperiencestomakeviewersfeellikeonthescene.Thetechnologicalevolutionandproductdesignofterminalsalsoaimtoprovideviewerswithbetterimmersiveexperiences.

Figure2.2.4Usingagiantscreentoofferalargerviewingangleisacommonmethodtoprovide

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immersiveexperiences.

Inordertoachieveimmersiveaudiovisualexperiences,wefirstworktocreatethelargestpossibleviewingangleforviewers,tryourbesttofullycovertheireffectivefieldofview,andprovideasmucheffectiveinformationaspossible(includingmeetingviewers'visualandauditoryrequirements).

60°horizontalviewingangleisthecommonstandard,andthebestseatsincinemasandtheatersareusuallydefinedaccordingtothisstandard.4KTValsousesthisstandardtodesignareasonableresolution.Basedonthepixelsofonedegreeofviewingangle(1°viewinganglemustprovidenolessthan60pixelstoensureclarity),the4Kimageresolutionisultimatelydefinedas3840×2160(aspectratioof16:9).8K(7680×4320)furtherexpandstheviewingangleonthisbasiswithmoreenvironmentaledgeinformation,increasingthestandardviewingangleto96°,meaningthattheviewersareequivalenttowatchinga100-inch8KTVwhenviewingfromadistanceofmorethan1meter.

Figure2.2.5Relationshipbetween4Kand8KResolutionDesignandHorizontalViewingAngle

Thoughsmallinbody-size,VRhead-mounteddisplayterminalscanprovideviewerswithalargerviewingangle.ThespeciallyproducedshootingVRimmersivevideocontentcanofferaviewingangleof180°or360°,creatingatruly"frameless"panoramicexperiencemode.

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Figure2.2.6VRhead-mounteddisplayterminalscanprovidea360°viewingangle,creatinga

fullyimmersive,framelessexperience.

Sincethefieldofview(FOV)oftheLEDscreenconfiguredforVRhead-mounteddisplayterminalsexceeds90°,whichisclosetothestandardviewingangleof8Klargescreens,theLEDscreenshouldintheorysupport8Kresolution(withthepixels-per-degree(PPD)closeto60),thenfor360°VRpanoramicimages,itshorizontalclarityshouldmeettherequirementsof30Kresolution.Theproductionandprocessingcapabilityofthecurrentsoftware,hardwareanddisplayscanonlyencodeanddecode8Kvideos.Therefore,thecurrentindustrystandardsrecommendthatpanoramic360°videosshouldreach8Kresolution,whichcanbeapproximatelyclosetotheHDlevelwithintheviewingdistanceoftheLEDscreen,showingthatthereisstillroomforimprovementbeforeofferingatrueUHDexperience.

Figure2.2.6TheviewingangleofVRhead-mounteddisplaysisgreaterthan90°,and8Kimage

contentcanonlymeetthebasicrequirementofclarity.

WiththeadventofApple'shead-mounteddisplayterminalVISIONPRO,theconceptof"spatialvideo"hasbeenwidelymentioned.This,alongwiththenaked-eye3DholographicvideochattechnologyProjectStarlinelaunchedbyGoogleafewyearsago,canbeconsideredasafurtherupgradeandexpansionofthebinocularstereoscopic3D(S3D)presentationtechnology.

Basedontheparallaxproducedbybinocularvisionandtheprincipleofline-of-sightconvergence,stereoscopicimages(mainlyreferringtobinocularstereoscopicS3Dherein)canmakeviewersfeeltherealdistanceandgetasenseofspace.Byusingadual-lenscameratophotographsynchronouslytosimulatehumanbinocularvision,aspatialstereoscopicvideocanbeobtained,andthenwiththehelpofa3DscreenorVRorARhead-mounteddisplayterminal,stereoscopic3Dimagescanbecorrectlydisplayed.

The3Dstereoscopiceffectisanimportantfactorinthehuman'ssenseofspaceandimmersion.Incombinationwiththeflatimagingtechnology,VR/ARandotherdisplaymethods,andaccordingtotheFOVandPPDrequirementsofdifferentterminals,itcanoutputsignalssuchas4K/HDbinocular3D,8K360°or180°3DVRtoprovidedifferentspatialstereoscopiceffects.

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Figure2.2.78K3D180°VRImmersiveContent(SidebySide)

Figure2.2.7PhotographingMethodsandOutputEffectsof180°3DVRandBinocular3D

Thebiggestdifferencebetween3Dvideosand3DVRvideosisthefieldofview.Theviewingangleof3Dvideosisthesameasthatofordinary2Dvideos,whichismainlydeterminedbythefocallengthofthelens.Inordertomakethevideosfeelmorethree-dimensional,mediumandwide-anglelensesareusuallyusedtocovermorespace.However,duetothelimitationsoftheviewingangleofordinarylensesandthe16:9aspectratio,whentheviewerwatchesordinary3Dcontent,thesenseofspaceandimmersionwillbelimitedbythe"imageframe";duetotheexistenceofthe"imageframe",whenthesubjectoftheimageinthethree-dimensionalspacegradually"approaches"theviewer,thesubjectmaynotbepresentedinitsentiretytotheviewer,whichistheso-calledinabilityto"infrontofthescreen",andtheviewerwillfeelunabletobefullyimmersedinthedigitalspacebuiltbythecreator.

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Figure2.2.8Limitedbythe"imageframe",thesubjectofanordinary3Dimagecannotfullyin

frontofthescreen.

3DVRimagescombinetheadvantagesofpanoramicphotographingandbinocularstereoscopicphotographing,providingacompleteimmersioneffectindigitalimageswithalmostnoframe;andwiththehelpofthestereoscopicparallaxbroughtby3Dphotographing,theviewercangetastrongsenseofspace.Comparedwithordinary3Dimages,theviewercancompletelyenterthe3Ddigitalspaceandgetatrulyimmersiveexperience.

However,comparedwithordinary3Dandlargeflat-screen4Kand8K,theeffectsof3DVRaredifferent,thecontentpresentationformandcreationtechniquesarealsodifferent,andsoisthedifficultyofproduction.Itisfairtosaythattheyallhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andwecannotsimplysaywhichisbetterorworse.Differentproductionandpresentationtechnologiescanbereasonablyselectedaccordingtodifferentcontent,andcanalsobemixedinthesamescenariotoofferdifferentexperiencesandfeelingstoviewers.Thisisalsothecompositeproductionmodefordifferentterminalsinthe"futureTV"scenario,allowingviewerstofreelychoosethedesiredviewingmethodaccordingtotheirownpreferences.

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Figure2.2.93D180°VRshootingcangetviewerstrulyimmersedinthevirtualspaceandmake

themfeeltheycaninteractwithintheirreach.

Thehighdynamicrange(HDR),widecolorgamut(WCG),highframerate(HFR)andimmersivespatialaudioinvolvedinUHDaudioandvideotechnologiescanallempowertheabove-mentioneddisplayterminalsandproductionsystems,providingthebesttechnicaladaptationfordifferentterminalsandbringingthebestimmersiveexperiencetoviewers.

Figure2.2.10EvolutionDirectionofDigitalAudioandVideoTechnology

Inordertomaintainunifiedadaptationstandardsinproduction,broadcastingplatformsandplayerterminals,fortheaboveapplicationscenariosinthe4K/8Kfield,itisrecommendedtofollowthecurrentUHDimageproductionandtransmissionstandardsandspecificationsinChina,andrefertotheTechnicalRequirementsfortheProductionandBroadcastingof8KUHDTVPrograms(Interim)officiallyreleasedbyChinaMediaGroupin2021,whichdefinestheimplementationstandardsforthebasictechnicalparametersofaudiosandvideosfor8KUHDTVprogramsinChina.The8KTVproductionandbroadcastingspecificationsinclude7680×4320resolution,50framespersecond,10-bitquantization,theHDRstandardofHLG1000,andtheWCGstandardofBT.2020.TerminalssuchasVRhead-mounteddisplayscanmakepartialadjustmentsbasedontheactualconditions(e.g.theVRaspectratiois2:1,whilet