42-環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)第一章-unit26

環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)SpecializedEnglishforenvironmentalscienceandengineering化學(xué)化工學(xué)院賀薇P(pán)ART1INTRODUCTIONTOENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCEANDENGINEERINGUnit26GlobalchangeQuestion:

1)Canyoulistsomeseriousenvironmentalproblems?2)Whatarethecausesoftheenvironmentalproblems?3）Howcanwecontroltheenvironmentalproblems?BackgroundIntroductionAirPollutionWaterPollutionGreenhouseGases:carbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,HFCs（Hydrofluorocarbons）,PFCs（perfluorochemicals）,……

IceMeltingForestDestruction

DroughtExplosivePopulationGrowth

GlobalEnvironmentalIssues全球環(huán)境問(wèn)題全球環(huán)境問(wèn)題problems原因reasonsglobalwarmingtheexcessemissionofcarbondioxidedepletionoftheozonelayerchlorofluorocarbonacidrain

burningfossilfuelsDecreaseinVariationofLivingCreatureshumanactivities

globalchange

全球變化deforestation

[di:,f?ri'stei??n]n.砍伐樹(shù)木，除去森林desertification[di?z?:tifi?kei?n]n.沙漠化overharvestingn.過(guò)渡砍伐arid

[??rid]]n.干旱，缺水overfishing

[??uv?‘fi?i?]過(guò)渡捕撈overdevelopment

過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)biodiversity

[dai'?ksaid]生物多樣性WordsandPhrases:Incontrasttothosehumanactivitiesthathavestrictlylocaleffects,globalchange

isthetermusedtodescribetheeffectsofhumanactivitesontheglobalenvironment.Majorglobalchangeissuesarelistedintable1.Text和那些具有嚴(yán)格的區(qū)域性影響的人類活動(dòng)相反，全球變化這一術(shù)語(yǔ)用于描述人類活動(dòng)對(duì)全球環(huán)境的影響。Themainchangeeventsdiscussedinthefollowingsection,includeatmosphericwarmingandclimatechange,causedbyemissionofgreenhousegases;deforestation,causedbyoverharvestingoftimberandclearingofforestsforagriculture;desertification,causedprimarilybyovergrazingofaridandsemi-aridshrublandsandgrasslands;depletionofpelagic(openocean)marinespeciesbyoverfishing;anddegradationofcoastalecosystems,causedbydischargeofpollutantsandoverdevelopmentofshorelines.后面部分討論的主要環(huán)境變化事件包括：溫室氣體排放造成的大氣變暖和氣候改變;過(guò)度砍伐林木和毀林開(kāi)荒造成的采伐森林；在干旱和半干旱的灌木地和草地過(guò)度放牧造成的沙漠化；過(guò)度捕撈造成的深海物種的銳減；以及污染物排放和海岸過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)導(dǎo)致沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化。Heat-trapping

gasesemittedbyfossilfuelburningisincreasingthetemperature,withnumerouspotentiallynegativeimpactsonecosystemsandhumanwelfare.Text化石燃料燃燒所釋放的能捕獲熱量的氣體正在增加溫度，這對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類福利都有許多潛在的負(fù)面影響。5TheGreenhouseEffectandClimateChangeOzoneproducedatgroundlevelfrompollutantsemittedbycars，powerplants，and

industrialprocessescauseslung

diseaseinhumananddamagesplants.Text汽車，發(fā)電站和工業(yè)過(guò)程釋放的污染物所產(chǎn)生的地平面的臭氧會(huì)造成肺部疾病并損害植物。6LowerAtmosphereOzoneEnrichmentChlorofluorocarbons（CFCs）injectedintotheatmospherefromaerosolspraycansandairconditionershaveloweredozonelevels,allowingdamagingultravioletlighttopenetratetotheearthsurface.Text從噴霧劑的噴射罐和空調(diào)排放到大氣中的氟氯烴已經(jīng)減少了臭氧水平，使得有害的紫外線得以穿透到地球表面。8UpperAtmosphereOzoneDepletionTheatmospherecontainstracegasesthatefficientlyabsorboutgoinglongwavelength,infraredradiation,andthatthereforecontributegreatlytowarmingtheatmosphere.Themostimportantoftheseisawatervapor,followedbycarbondioxide,methane,andnitrousoxide.Theseheat-trappingmoleculesarecalledgreenhousegasesandoccurnaturally.Text大氣中含有能有效吸收向往發(fā)射的長(zhǎng)波近紅外輻射的痕量氣體，因此能顯著導(dǎo)致空氣變熱。最重要的這類氣體是水蒸汽，還有二氧化碳，甲烷和一氧化二氮。這些捕獲熱量的分子被稱為溫室氣體并能自然產(chǎn)生。HomeworkEnvironmentalProblems:

SomeofthelargestproblemsnowaffectingtheworldareAcidRain(AcidDepositions),AirPollution,GlobalWarming,HazardousWaste,OzoneDepletion,WaterPollution,Overpopulation,LossofBiodiversity（DecreaseinVariationofLivingCreatures),Desertification,EnergyCrisis,ResourseDepletionandForestDestruction.Duetodeforestation，air/ocean/lake/river/marshpollutioncausedbychemicalcompounds，globalwarmingcausedbytheexcessemissionofcarbondioxidefromtheautomobile，depletionoftheozonelayercausedbychlorofluorocarbon，po