gmdss通信英語題庫1

GMDSS英語閱讀500題單選題一

第三部份英語閱讀

單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.IMOhasdecidedthata11shipsover300TGtmustbefittedwithaNAVTEXreceiver

—B_.

A.by01Feb1992B.by01Aug1993

C.between01Feb1992and01Feb1999D.before01Feb1992

2.GMDSSistoprovide_DwithreIiablecommunication.

A.alIlargepassengervessels

B.freightersofmorethan300gtincoastaIwaters

C.alIpassengershipsandcargoshipsengagedininternationaI-voyages

D.alIpassengershipsandcargoshipsof300gtupwardsinopensea

3.Thecomplyingvesselscantransmitship-to-shoredistressalertsbyatleast

B.B.

A.Onemeans,whethersateIIiteorterrestrialtechniques

B.Twomeans,whethersateIIiteorterrestrialtechniques

C.Twoseparateandindependentmeans,eachusingdifferentradiocommunication

servicesD.Twomeans,suchasMFDSCandHFDSC

4.Thequality質(zhì)量ofthemessagecanbeaffectedbyA.

A.climate氣候B.sunshineC.humanbeingsD.bothaandb

5、Withinthepolarareasitis_AtoseeasateIIiteingeo-stationaryorbit.

A.impossibIeB.possibIeC.easyD.difficult

6.TheInmarsatsystemisopenforusebyD_countriesonanon-discriminatory無區(qū)

別basis.

A.someB.lotsofC.manyD.aII

7.WiththehelpofGMDSSC_canbeaIertedtoadistressincidentassoonaspossible.C

A.aIIshipsinalargeseaareaB.onlytheseaauthoritiesashore

C.theSARunitsashoreandatseaD.theportradiosandthecoaststations

8.InareascoveredbyInmarsat,HFcanbeusedasanDtosateIIitecommunications.

A.alternationB.alternateC.alterD.alternative替代，名詞

9.Whenreceivingadistressalert,theSARauthoritiesashoreandtheshipsinthevicinity

oftheshipindistresswiIIAinacoordinatedsearchandrescueoperationwiththe

minimumdelay.

A.assist援助B.sendarescuevessel

C.searchthedistressareaD.reachthedistresspositionatonce

10.InwhichyearwastheCOSPAS-SARSATsystemestabIished?D

A.1980B.1981C.1979D.1982

11.Itisquite_BforanSESoperatortosendadistressalert.

A.easyandexpensiveB.simpleandcertain簡單可靠

C.dangerousandstableD.difficultandcompuIsory

12.AnyshipsfittedwithSEScanandCthroughthesateIIitesystemwhen

sendingadistressalert.

A.enterthesystem/contactanRCC

B.accesstoINMARSAT/estabIishcontactwithaCES

C.haveabsolutepriority絕對(duì)toenterthesystem/makecontactwithaCES

D.enterthesystemgradually/waitforrescue

13.What'stheadvantagewhenusingthesate11ites?D

A.ThemessagecanbedirectedtothedesiredIocation

B.Themessagecanfollowtheearth'scurvature

C.ThequaIityofmessagecannotbeaffectedbycIimatic

D.TherangeofthemessageextendandthequaIityofreceptionisimproved

14.TheDSCfrequencyfordistressalertinginAreaA2isD_.

A.2182KHZB.2174.5KHZC.2192KHZD.2187.5KHZ

.15WhatchanneIisgeneraIcommunicationused?C

A.anyappropriatechanneIexceptpubIiccommunication

B.anyappropriatechannelexceptforpubIiccommunications

C.anyappropriatechannelbesidespubIiccommunication

D.anyappropriatechannelbesidepubIiccommunication

dosomestationskeepsilence靜默?B

A.Becausetheyarenotengagedinthedistresstraffic

B.theywi11affectthetransmissionofthedistresstraffic

C.Thepowersofthesestationsareveryweak

D.Theyarenotinchargeofsearchandrescue

17.GeneralradiocommunicationsintheglobalsystemarethosebetweenDconcerning

themanagementandoperationoftheshipsandmayhaveimpactontheirsafety.

A.SARpartyandtheshipindistress

B.SARauthoritiesandtheshipindistressandsurvivalcraft

C.Ashipstationandanycoaststation

D.Shipstationsandshore-basedcommunicationnetwork

18.ItisrequiredthatshipsproceedingatseashouldkeepcontinuouswatchonB

A.VHFchanneIs16and13

B.AppropriateDSCdistressandsafetyfrequencies

C.INMARSATTDMmessagechannel

D.VHFchanneI70andchanneI8

19.TheARQmodeshouIdbeappIied_A.

A.whentwostationscommunicatewitheachother

B.inanyradiosystemandatanytime

C.whenoneshipsendsamessagetoanotherstation

D.forcommunicationamongsomestations

20.WhatinformationwiIIadistressalertcontain?D

A.natureofdistress

B.typeofassistancerequired

C.courseandspeedandtimeatwhichtheinformationwasrecorded

D.A,B,CarealIright

21.AradiodeterminationsystembasedonthecomparisonofreferencesignaIswithradio

signaIsreflected,orretransmittedfromthepositiontobedetermined,isB_.

A.DFB.RadarSystemC.DSCSystemD.COSPAS-SARSAT

22.Withthehelpofmoderntechnology,shipsareabletoreceiveautomatedbroadcastof

safetymessages_B.

A.bydayoratnightB.aImostroundtheclock24小時(shí)

C.somewhatandsometimeD.fromsunriseandsunset

23.TheWWNWS全球航行氣象警告業(yè)務(wù)isacoordinatedglobalserviceforthebroadcastby

radioofvitalinformationonDtomarinenavigation.

A.ship'smovementB.safetyC.ship'smanagementD.hazards

distressalertswiIIbe（relayedon轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)）theB_whentheRCCconsidersit

necessary.

A.dedicatedsystemB.MSIbroadcastsC.518KHZD.channeI16

25.Thefrequency518KHZwiIIbeusedtotransmitand_DwaningsinNAVTEX.

A.navigationaI/typhoonB.traffic/meteorological

C.marine/hurricaneD.navigationaI/meteorological

26.ItispossibleforshipstoreceivesafetymessagetransmittedbyNavtexstationB.

A.inanyINMARSATregionsB.ineachNAVTEXarea

C.atanydistanceD.inAreasA3andA4

27.ANavtexstationineachNAVAREAisusuaIIyallowedtohave_Afortransmission.

A.10minutesevery4hoursB.haIfanhoureveryotherhourC.irreguIarperiod

oftimeD.5minuteseverytwohours

28.ThedifferencebetweeninternationaIandnationaINavtexServiceisIimitedtoB_.

A.frequencyaIIocatedB.bothlanguageandfrequency

C.IanguageusedD.transmissionpowerandtime

29.NavtextransmitteridentificationcharacterB._isusedtoidentifythebroadcasts

whicharetobeacceptedbythereceiverandthosearetoberejected.

A.B2B.B1C.MARD.NNN

30.ThereceivingstationscanusetheB2characterto_Adifferent,cIassesofmessages.

A.identify識(shí)別B.CorrectC.RejectD.Printout

IfEGGreceivershares共享asameantennawithInmarsatSES,itmeansthatitcanreceive

MSIC_.

A.fromanyInmarsatsate11iteB.fromanyappropriateNavtexandEGGstation

C.viathesateIIitetheSESistrackingD.fromanyRCCandcoaststation

32.WhyshouldtheSESoperatorsbeverycarefulwhentheshipenterstheareawherethree

oceanregionsoverlap重疊覆蓋區(qū)？BecauseD-_.

A.theweatherisalwaysterrible

B.theconditionthereiscompIicated

C.thesignaIsaretoostrong

D.theirSESmayreceivethesignaIsfromunwantedsateIIite

33.TheestabIishmentofINMARSATasanindependentorganizationmarkedagreatstepforward

formaritimeradiocommunications.Whatdoesamarkedagreatstepwmeaninthesentence?D

A.TorunfasterthaneverB.TogoforwardC.Tomarchwithoutstopping

D.AsignificantsymboIofagreatimprovementinmaritimecommunication.

34.InadditiontomeetingtherequirementofSeaareaA1,everyshipengagedonvoyage

inSeaareaA2shaIIbeprovidedwithA_.

A.MFradioinstalIationwithDSCB.SES

C.MF/HFradiotelephoneinstalIationD.2187.5KHZwatchreceiver

35._DisaspacesystemusingoneormoreartificialearthsateIIites.

A.sateIIitenetworkB.SateIIiteLink

C.INMARSATD.SateIIiteSystem

36.ThesateIIitesoverthemajoroceanregionscovertheglobe_D.

A.besidesthepoIarregionsB.includingtheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole

C.above70Nandbelow70SD.asfarnorthandsouth70

37.Therearesomeback-up備用sate11itesintheeventoffailure.Iftheoperational

sateIIiteisoutofwork,0.

A.communicationsinthewholesystemwiIIstop

B.thegIobaIsystemwiIIbedamaged

C.theback-uponewiIItakeitsplace

D.thewholesystemwiIInotwork

38.ThepositioniftheIORsateIIiteintheINMARSATsystemis_Aabovetheequator.

A.64.5EB.178EC.15.5WD.54W

39.TheGMDSSdefinesfourseaareabasedontheC_

A.IocationandcapacityofthefaciIitieslocatedonboardships

B.Positionandtypeofasinceresintion

C.andIocationofshorebasedcommunicationfaciIities

D.PositionandcapacityofmobiIecommunicationstations.

40.TheNOSofINMARSAT-FsystemintheIORisinB

A.GoonhiIly,UKB.Yamaguchi,Japan

C.Perth,AustraliaD.Southbury,USA

41.TheNetworkCoordinationstationfortheINMARSAT-FcoaststationsinthePacificocean

regionisinA

A.Yamaguchi,JapanB.Beijing,China

C.Nakhodka,RussiaD.Perth,AustraIia

42.AnyshipwithSEScanandB_throughtheInmarsatsateIIiteswhensending

adistressalert.

A.enterthesystemrapidly/waitforrescue

B.haveanabsoluteprioritytoenterthesystem/contactwithaCES

C.estabIishcontactwiththeRCC/entertheport

D.enterthesystemgradually/gettherescue

43.AmobiIeearthstationinthemaritimemobile-satelIiteservice,whichisIocatedon

boardship,iscalled_B.

A.anLESB.anSESC.ashipstationD.aLandMobiIeStation

44.Aftersuccessfulcommissioning,theAwiIIpermittheSESaccesstosystem.

A.INMARSATB.IMOC.MSGD.CES

45.Ingeneral,therearetwopartsinanSES,OneoftheseisantennaeqipmentaIsoreferred

toas_D.

A.BDEB.UDEC.AEPD.ADE甲板之上設(shè)備

46.ToestabIishacommunicationchanneIforthetelexserviceintheINMARSAT-BterminaI,

youshouldfirstB

A.estabIishacommunicationchanneIfromtheCES,viatheInternationalTelexNetworkto

thefinaldestination

B.setupacommunicationchanneIfromyourSES,viaasateIIite,toaCESwithinyourocean

region

C.setupachanneIdirectlytotheaddresseeatthedestination

D.estabIishachanneIfromyourterminaI,viatheInternationalTelexNetworktoaCES

withinyouroceanregion

47.ThemaritimeaccesscodefortheAOR-EisAinINMARSAT-BTelexService.

A.581B.582C.583D.584

WhenyouhavereceivedGA+繼續(xù)fromtheCESfortheINMARSAT-Btelexcommunication,

youshouldimmediateIyselectandCyourequired.

A.anCES/telexmodeB.anSEStelexservice

C.theservice/thesubscriberD.asate11ite/anoceanregion

49.EveryshipmustbefittedwithSART,andtwo-wayVHFradiotelephone.B

A.1,2B.2,3C.2,1D.3,2

50.ThemaritimeaccesscodeoftelephonemodeinINMARSAT-BterminaIfortheIORisC

A.871B.872C.873D.874

51.DareoperatedasasecondarymethodofalertingintheGMDSS.

A.sateIIiteEPIRBsB.Non-satelIiteEPIRBsC.SESandDSCD.a+b

52.WhichInmarsatsystemappliesstore-and-forward存儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)messaging?B

A.Inmarsat-AB.Inmarsat-CC.Inmarsat-BD.Inmarsat-M

53.DistresssignaIarealwaysstoredinthememory存儲(chǔ)器soastostartD

A.IocaI-modecoverageB.SARoperations

C.dataprocessD.continuousbroadcast

54.EGGisa_ApartofINMARSAT-C.

A.component組成B.supportableC.combinedD.compIimentary

55AnareawithinthecoverageofatleastoneVHFshorestationinwhichcontinuousDSC

distressalertingisavaiIableisA.

A.seaareaA1B.seaareaA2C.distressareaD.GMDSSareas

56.AnareawithinthecoverageofatleastoneMFshorestationinwhichcontinuousDSC

distressalertingisavaiIableisB_.

A.SeaareaA1B.SeaareaA2C.DistressareaD.GMDSSareas

57.InareaA2,theDSCfrequencyfordistressalertingisD.

A.2182KHzB.2174.5KHzC.2191KHzD.2187.5KHz

58.IfaDSCdistressrelayistransmittedfromcoaststation,itwill_B

A.indicatetheshipindistressthatthealerthasbeenreceived

B.alertshipsintheareaofadistressincidentthatadistresshasoccurred

C.informothercoaststationofdistressincident

D.repeatthedistressalertin5minutes

59.Ship-to-shipdistressalertingshouldbeconductedby_B.

A.InmarsatSESB.VHF/DSCorMF/DSC

C.SARTandVHF/DSCD.SateIIiteEPIRBandVHF/DSC

60.__IftheDSCcontrolIerisconfiguredforMF/HFoperation,thedistresswiIIbesenton

____D_.

A.doublefrequenciesB.singlefrequency

C.dedicatedfrequencyD.multiplefrequencies

61.MaritimeSafetyInformationD_InternationaISafetyNetServiceandNAVTEXService.

A.consistsofB.canbereceivedC.istransmittedbyD.Aremadeon在什么上

62.IMOhasdecidedthatalIshipsover300TGTmustbefittedwithaNAVTEXreceiver.B

A.by01Feb1992B.01Aug1993

C.between01Feb1992and01Feb1999D.before01Feb1992

63.ShipssailinginAareabletoreceiveandprintoutEGGmessages.

A.afixedareaorNavareainanyoceanregionB.aNavareaorweatherforecast

area

C.thedesignatedareaorgivengeographicpositionD.anywhereoftheworld

65.DcanreceiveMSIsentbycoaststation.

A.ANAVTEXreceiverB.AnEGGreceiver

C.MF/HFradiotelephoneD.HFradioteIephonewithNBDP

66.SafetyNetisamaritimesafetyinformationbroadcastserviceoffering_AonsuitabIy

equippedships.

A.free免費(fèi)receptionB.freetransmission

C.dedicatedreceptionD.dedicatedtransmission

67.COSPAS-SARSAThasthefunctionof_A.

A.distressalertingB.communication

C.broadcastingMSID.on-scenecommunication

68.TheCOSPAS-SARSAT406MHZsystemwasadoptedasaneIementoftheGMDSSbyIMOinD.

A.1992B.1980C.1984D.1988

69._iscapabIeoffindingany406MHZbeaconsnomatterwheretheyare.

A.LocaIUserTerminaIB.Spacecraft

C.LocaI-modecoverageD.NearpolarorbitingsateIIites

70.COSPAS-SARSATcannotfuIfiIIthefunctionofC

A.determiningthepositionofadistressvesseIB.bothaandc

C.distresscommunicationD.distressalertingandpositionfixinginAreaA4

thebeaconlocatedonboardaircraftistermedC

A.EPIRBB.PLBC.ELTD.MCC

.forCOSPAS-SARSATsystem,transmitdistressalertandIocationinformationto

appropriaterescueauthoritiesaIIovertheworId.

A.PolarorbitingsateIIitesB.Groundreceivingstations

C.MCCD.ROC

73.DistressalertingisusuaIlytransmittedtoD

A.shipsneardistresspositionB.rescuecoordinationcenter

C.alIshipsinalargeareaD、bothaandb

74.Exchangeofanswer-backs應(yīng)答嗎交換actsaconfirmation確認(rèn)thatthemessages_B

atthedestination.

A.havereceivedB.havebeenreceived

C.arereceivedD.arebeingreceived

75.TherangeofaMFcoaststationisnormally_Bnm.

A.20to30B.200C.100D.450

.___B_process處理thedistresssignaIfromEPIRBtodetermineitspositionandidentity.

A.COSPAS-SARSATB.groundreceivingstations

C.storingdistresssignaID.NearpolarorbitingsateIIites

77.AstationinthemobiIeservicetheemissionsofwhichareintendedtofaciIitatesearch

andrescueoperationsis_A.

A.EPIRBB.SARTC.MobiIeStationD.DistressAlerting

78.Everyship,whileatsea,shaIIbecapable功能.D

A.ofreceivingshore-to-shipdistressalerts

B.oftransmittingandreceivingMSI

C.oftransmittingandreceivingship-to-shipdistressalerts

D.A,B,CareaIIright

79.EveryradioinstalIationshaIIbeclearlymarkedwiththeB_,theshipstation

identityandothercodesasapplicablefortheuseoftheradioinstalIation.

A.caIIsignB.portofregisterC.radionameD.signallabel

80.Bridge-to-bridgecommunicationmeansD_communicationsbetweenshipsfromthe

positionfromwhichtheshipsarenormallynavigated.

A.distressB.urgentC.safetyD.general

81.EveryIifeboatwhichisfittedwithafixed_BVHFradiotelephoneapparatuswith

anantennawhichisseparatelymountedsha11beprovidedwitharrangementsforsittingand

securingtheantennaeffectivelyinitsoperatingposition.

A.one-wayB.two-wayC.doubIe-effectD.one-effect

82.EveryIifeboatwhichisfittedwithafixedtwo-wayVHFradioteIephoneapparatus

with_DwhichisseparatelymountedshaIIbeprovidedwitharrangementsforsittingand

securingtheantennaeffectiveIyinisoperatingposition.

A.adummyantennaB.asupportingfaciIities

C.aback-upequipmentD.anantenna

83.AtleastB_two-wayVHFradiotelephoneapparatusshaIIbeprovidedoneverycargo

shipof300tonsgrosstonnageandupwardsbutlessthan500tonsgrosstonnage.

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

84.StationsintheUnitedStatesofAmericaaregroupedbystatesarrangedinthe

alphabetical字母表orderoftheirC

A.countriesB.statesC.namesD.groups

^cordingtothebasicconceptofGMDSS,_Dcanberapidlyalertedtoadistress

incident.

A.onlySARauthoritiesonIand

B.alIshipsinaverylargeseaarea

C.thenearestcoaststationsandportradios

D.theSARauthoritiesashoreaswellasshipsinthevicinityofthecasualty傷亡

86.HavingstudiedtheINMARSATdocument,GMDSSdocument,SOLASConventionandother

internationalnavigationdocuments,wealIknowthattheChapter張IVofSOLASConvention

ismainlyaboutD

A.theradioregulationsB.thetechnicaItermsanddefinitions

C.howtooperatetheGMDSSSESequipmentD.MaritimeCommunications

87.WhatfollowingisnotamongthefunctionsofSOLASships?C

A.receiveshore-to-shipdistressalertingB.transmitship-to-shoredistress

alerting

C.receivemessageforpubIiccorrespondenceD.transmitandreceiveIocatingsignaIs

88.VesselindistressCindicatetheirpositionbyanymethod.

A.cannotB.arenoallowedC.havetherightD.shouldgetpermissionto

Thedistressalertshould+動(dòng)詞_0theshipindistress.

A.identityB.identicalC.identify動(dòng)詞D.identification

.Generalradiocommunicationsintheglobalsystemmay_Bship'ssafety.

A.beresponsibleforB.haveanimpact影響onC.commandD.giveaguidanceto

Inthecaseofashipindistress,theneedexiststocreateatemporarygeographic

areato_Clocatingpotentialassistingships.

A.increaseB.improveC.faciIitate便于D.deveIop

92.Distresstrafficisthecommunication_Dbetweenthestationindistressandthe

ships,aircraft,coastradiostations,coastearthstationsandrescuecentersparticipating

intherescuework.

A.exchangeB.toexchange0.exchangingD.exchanged交換

93.ASARTprovidesthemainmeansB_asurvivaIcraftorthemothershipindistress

underthegIobaImaritimedistressandsafetysystem.

A.toIocateB.forIocatingC.inlocatingD.bylocating

94.TheportableSARTisdesigned_Donthebridgeinitscontainer.

A.tostowB.forstowingC.beingstowedD.tobestowed

95.Whatdidyousayonboard_Danypartofthemessageisconsideredsufficiently

importanttoneedsafeguarding?

A.whichB.ifC.whyD.that

96.Theadvantageofgeo-stationarysateIIitesis_C

A.therangeofantennaIcancovereverywhereintheworId

B.wecanknowtheship'sexactposition

C.thatthedistressalertcanbeIocatedassoonaspossible

D.antennaofpermanrentearthstationsmaybedirectedtowardsfixedpointsinthesky

97.SomewordsinEnglishhavemeanings_Bthecontextinwhichtheyappear.

A.dependedonB.whichdependon

C.whichdependsonD.towhichdependson

98.ThefishingvesseI_DthedistressareauntiItheassistancevesseIarrived.

A.leaveB.leftC.hasleftD.didn'tleave

99.AlIcoastradiostations_DDSCinstalledforVHFandHF.

A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad

100Byusingprevious原先communicationsystem,rescueisoftenamatterofchance.What

does“amatterofchance“mean?A

A.occasionaIIy偶然B.accidentallyC.oftenD.usually

101.SOLASvesselsshouldbeabletocommunicatewithashorestationA

A.nomatterwheretheyareandwhattimeitisB.atscheduledtimeandinmajorocean

regionsC.atfixedtimeandpositionD.whentheygetpermission

102.ThebasicconceptofGMDSSisB_.

A.SearchandrescueauthoritiesashorewiIIrapidlyreceivedandistressalertandacted

upon

B.SARunitswiIIberapidlyalertedtoadistressincidentandassistinacoordinatedSAR

operation

C.ShipsnavigatingintheimmediatevicinityoftheshipindistresswiIIrapidlyalerted

tothealertandgivetheirhelpaccordingly

D.TheRCCwiIIrapidlyalertedtoadistressalertthroughsate11iteandterrestrial

communicationtechniquesandconductedarescueoperationimmediateIy

103.ThecomplyingvesseIswiIItransmitship-to-shoredistressaIertbyDinareaA4.

A.MFDSCB.HFDSCC.406MHZS-EPIRBD.Bothbandc

104.TheINMARSATsafety-netservicecovers___D_.

A.thewholeworIdB.a11NAVAREAS

C.areasfromA1toA2D.onlyfourInmarsatregions

105.WhichInmarsatsystemappliesstore-and-forwardmessaging?C

A.Inmarsat-AB.Inmarsat-BC.Inmarsat-CD.Inmarsat-F

106.TheInmarsatsystemisopenforuseby_Dcountriesonanon-discriminatory無差

別basis.

A.someB.IotsofC.manyD.aII

107.SeaAreaA3isanareawithinthecoverageof_Dinwhichcontinuousalerting

avaiIable.

A.VHFstationsB.MF/HFstations

C.RadiostationsD.INMARSATstations

108.TheGMDSSmustcombinealIvarioussubsystems分系統(tǒng)，becauseD_.

A.theyalIhavedifferentIimitationswithrespecttocoverage

B.theyalIhavedifferentIimitationsinthetechnoIogytheyuse

C.differentsystemsapplytodifferentships

D.alIofabove

109.Inadditiontocommunicationequipment,theGMDSSwillintroducerequirementsofSARTs

andEPIRBsdesignedtoimprovetheC_.

A.IivingstandardsB.survivaIcondition

C.chanceofsurvivaID.technicalspecification

110.ShipsequippedwithInmarsatSESsenddistressalertsbothand_B.

A.quickandgoodB.convenientandcertain

C.easilyandsimplyD.importantanddifficult

SomeradiowavesthesurfaceoftheearthbecauseofitsC

A.arecapableoffollowing/distanceB.canfollow/altitude

C.canhardlyfollow/shape波長D.areunablefollowing/angle

112.ShipsinareasA3andA4wiIItransmit,asappropriate,_D

A.ashiptoshipalertonMF/VHFB.ashiptoshorealertbySES/HFDSC

C.ashiptoshorealertbysateIIiteEPIRBD.allofa,b,c

113.What'stheadvantagewhenusingthesateIIites?D

A.ThemessagecanbedirectedtothedesiredIocation

B.Themessagecanfollowtheearth'scurvature

C.ThequaIityofmessagecannotbeaffectedbycIimatic

D.therangeofthemessageextendandthequaIityofreceptionisimproved

GeneraIcommunicationsarethosecommunicationsD

A.