歷年考研英語真題及答案-1997

1997年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題及參考答案

PartIStructureandVocabulary

SectionsA

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Mark

youranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterin

thebrackets.(5points)

TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,

couldgopennilessbynextyear.

A)thelargerone

B)thelargerofwhich

C)thelargestone

D)thelargestofwhich

Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayswithother

elements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.

A)combined

B)havingcombined

C)combine

D)beingcombined

Andrew,myfather,syoungerbrother,willnotbeatthepicnic,tothe

family'sdisappointment.

A)much

B)more

C)toomuch

D)muchmore

Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI

fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.

A)were

B)hadbeen

C)havebeen

D)was

HelpwillcomefromtheUN,buttheaidwillbenearwhat'sneeded.

A)everywhere

B)somewhere

C)nowhere

D)anywhere

Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn，tsomuchariseinbirthrates

afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.

A)and

B)as

C)but

D)or

Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignoranton

thesubject.heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.

A)Whatlittle

B)Somuch

C)Howmuch

D)Solittle

Althoughwefeeldissatisfiedwiththeelectionresults,wehavetobecome

reconciled____thedecisionmadebyourfellowcountrymen.

A)for

B)on

C)to

D)in

Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphone

tothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheach

programthatturnsout.

A)adding

B)tohaveadded

C)toadd

D)added

ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmerican

Englisharesotrivialandfewashardly.

A)noticed

B)tobenoticed

C)beingnoticed

D)tonotice

SectionB

Directions:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked

A),B),C)andD).Identifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyour

answerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthe

brackets.(5points)

Example:

AnumberofA)foreignvisitorsweretakenB)totheindustrialexhibitionwhich

C)theysawD)manynewproducts.

PartC)iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorswere

takentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts."Soyou

shouldchooseC).

AlthoughProfessorGreen，slecturesusuallyranoverA)thefiftyminuteB)

period,butnoneC)ofhisstudentsevenD)objectedastheyfoundhislectures

bothinformativeandinteresting.

WhenA)Edisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleturnedoffB)all

powerC)intheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofD)

thisgreatman.

TheypointedoutA)thedamagewhichB)theysupposedthatC)hadbeendone

bylastnight，sD)storm.

BecauseofA)therecentaccidents,ourparentsforbidmybrotherandmefrom

swimmingB)intheriverunlessC)someoneagreestowatchD)overus.

AgreatmanyA)teachersfirmlyB)believethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest

taughtC)subjectsinhighschoolsatpresent.D)

InthiswaytheseinsectsshowanefficientuseoftheirsoundproducedA)

ability,organizingB)twosoundsdeliveredC)atahighrateasonecall.D)

IthoughtthetechnicianwastoblameA)fortheblowing

B)ofthefuse,butIseenowhowC)IwasD)mistaken.

Forhimtobereelected,A)whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworks,B)but

thatC)thepublicbelievethatitis.D)

AsfarasA)Iamconcerned,hispoliticsareB)ratherconservativecomparedC)

withotherpoliticians.D)

rdsaywheneveryouaregoingA)aftersomethingthatisbelongingB)toyou,

anyonewhoisdeprivingC)youoftherighttohaveitiscriminal.D)

SectionsC

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Mark

youranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterin

thebrackets.(10points)

Example:

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundinthewoodsoffthehighway.

A)vanishedB)scatteredC)abandonedD)rejected

Thesentenceshouldread,“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthe

woodsoffthehighway.Therefore,youshouldchooseC).

Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions,employersfindithardtolaythem

A)off

B)aside

C)out

D)down

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasuredthehealthandhappinessof

itspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

A)inlinewith

B)intermsof

C)inregardwith

D)bymeansof

HehasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceanyonwhathe

promises.

A)faith

B)belief

C)credit

D)reliance

Mystudentsfoundthebookitprovidedthemwithanabundanceof

informationonthesubject.

A)enlightening

B)confusing

C)distracting

D)amusing

Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancial

systemwilldowntheeconomy.

A)put

B)settle

C)drag

D)knock

Inthisfactorythemachinesarenotregulatedbutarejointlycontrolled

byacentralcomputersystem.

A)independently

B)individually

C)irrespectively

D)irregularly

Everychemicalchangeeitherresultsfromenergybeingsuedtoproducethe

change,orcausesenergytobeinsomeform.

A)givenoff

B)putout

C)setoff

D)usedup

Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbemotivatedtowork

hard,withtheresultthatincomesfromtaxationmightactually.

A)shrink

B)delay

C)disperse

D)sink

Americancompaniesareevolvingfrommassproductionmanufacturingto

____enterprises.

A)moveable

B)changing

C)flexible

D)varying

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemtothesituation?

A)simplify

B)modify

C)verify

D)rectify

Ican"twhathashappenedtothevegetables,fortheywerefreshlypicked

thismorning.

A)figureout

B)drawout

C)lookout

D)workout

ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupbutImetwithaflat____.

A)disapproval

B)rejection

C)refusal

D)decline

Fromthismaterialwecanhundredsofwhatyoumaycalldirectproducts.

A)derive

B)discern

Odiminish

D)displace

Shehadclearlynoofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.

A)tendency

B)ambition

C)intention

D)willingness

Whatseemsconfusingorfragmentedatfirstmightwellbecomeathird

time.

A)cleanandmeasurable

B)notableandsystematic

C)pureandwholesome

D)clearandorganic

Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnotfortheelectionofsucha

radicalcandidateasMr.Jones.

A)reasonable

B)ripe

C)ready

D)practical

Hudsonsaidhecouldnotkillalivingthingexceptfortheofhunger.

A)sensation

B)cause

C)purpose

D)motive

Forthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeopletoenjoyprosperity,new

economicpolicieswillberequired.

A)tonameafew

B)letalone

C)nottospeak

D)let，ssay

Foreigndisinvestmentandthe____ofSouthAfricafromworldcapitalmarkets

after1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.

A)displacement

B)elimination

C)exclusion

D)exception

Whenanumberofpeopletogetherinaconversationalknot,each

individualexpresseshispositioninthegroupbywherehestands.

A)pad

B)pack

C)squeeze

D)cluster

PartIIClozeTest

Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C),D).Choosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronthe

ANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10

points)

ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld，slargesttemporary

employmentagency.Everymorning,itspeople41intotheofficesandfactories

ofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.Onedayatatime42industrial

giantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive43reducingthenumber

ofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.

44itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationof

parttimersandtemporaryworkers.This“45〃workforceisthemostimportant

46inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis47changingtherelationshipbetween

peopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremain

globallycompetitive48avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens49by

employmentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmean

anendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof50thatcamefrombeingaloyal

employee.

41.A)swarmB)strideC)separateD)slip

42.A)ForB)BecauseC)AsD)Since

43.A)fromB)inC)onD)by

44.A)EventhoughB)NowthatC)IfonlyD)Providedthat

45.A)durableB)disposableC)availableD)transferable

46.A)approachB)flowC)fashionD)trend

47.A)instantlyB)reverselyC)fundamentallyD)sufficiently

48.A)butB)whileC)andD)whereas

49.A)imposedB)restrictedC)i1lustratedD)confined

50.A)excitementB)convictionC)enthusiasmD)importance

PartIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreach

questiontherearefouranswersmarkedA),B),C)andD).Readthepassages

carefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Thenmarkyour

answerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthe

brackets.(40points)

Passage1

Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsof

arguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia，sNorthern

Territorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotake

thelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbythe

convincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternet

andwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectorofthe

RighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup'sonlineservice,

DeathNET.SaysHofsess:"Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcourse

thisisntjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory.”

Theful1importmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIII

lawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoraland

practicalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,including

churches,righttolifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterly

attackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturn

back.

InAustralia一whereanagingpopulation,lifeextendingtechnologyand

changingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesare

goingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSand

Canada,wheretherighttodiemovementisgatheringstrength,observersare

waitingforthedominoestostartfalling.

UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath-

probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill-toputanendtosuffering.Thepatient

mustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Afteraucoolingoff”period

of

sevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewish

fordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54yearoldDarwinresidentsuffering

fromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwith

livingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhis

breathingcondition."I'mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,but

whatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthe

hospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,“hesays.

Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat.

A)theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries

B)physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia

C)changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw

D)ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw'spassage

Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostart

falling,hemeans.

A)observersaretakingawaitandseeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia

B)similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUS,Canadaandothercountries

C)observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes

D)theeffecttakingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastop

WhenLloydNicksondies,hewill_____.

A)facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasia

B)experiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatient

C)haveanintensefearofterriblesuffering

D)undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays

Theauthor，sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof.

A)opposition

B)suspicion

C)approval

D)indifference

Passage2

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,

courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,this

observationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbest

beconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Smallminded

officials,rudewaiters,andillmanneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknowninthe

USYetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasa

welcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswere

commonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.

Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnews

oftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.

Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturn

excepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthe

travelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflected

theharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn，ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareof

him,

therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthe

samesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthe

wearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillvery

strongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusy

touristtrails."Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,and

prettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner-amazing."Suchobservations

reportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalways

understoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbe

interpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofa

historicallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,

assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,of

course,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeantthatsomeone

understandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate“cultural

meaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenan

Americanusestheword“friend”,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybe

quitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor'slanguageandculture.Ittakes

morethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteous

conventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmany

Americanvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld,.

A)rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS

B)smallmindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment

C)Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors

D)mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp

Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

A)cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship

B)courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated

C)variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

D)socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions

Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers____.

A)toimprovetheirhardlife

B)inviewoftheirlongdistancetravel

C)toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife

D)outofacharitableimpulse

Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers____.

A)tendstobesuperficialandartificial

B)isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates

C)isalwaysunderstoodproperly

D)wassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrails

Passage3

Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormental

functioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonly

tosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon，t

realizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.This

iswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansand

psychologists.Thephraseusubstanceabuse“isoftenusedinsteadof”drug

abuse“tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustas

harmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.

Weliveasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)is

pervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeeto

getgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesocially

acceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?

Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuch

aspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecan

alsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarked

firstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredto

producethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasant

withdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.

Drugs(substances)thataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperception,

mood,andbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactive

substancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,

depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethe

centralnervoussystem,whereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshave

theirprimaryeffectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofways

includingproducinghallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalled

psychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mindmanifesting”)because

they

seemedtoradicallyalterone'sstateofconsciousness.

aSubstanceabuse”(Line5,Paragraph1)ispreferableto“drugabuse”inthat

A)substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegallyused

B)“drugabuse“isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberofdrugtakers

C)alcoholandtobaccoareasfatalasheroinandcocaine

D)manysubstancesotherthanheroinorcocainecanalsobepoisonous

Theword“pervasive”(Line1,Paragraph2)mightmean.

A)widespread

B)overwhelming

Opiercing

D)fashionable

Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom____.

A)uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftime

B)exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposes

C)quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofdiseases

D)carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptoms

Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat____.

A)stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthemind

B)hallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfultohealth

C)depressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactivesubstances

D)thethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstancesarecommonlyusedingroups

Passage4

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.

“Is

thiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?SenatorRobertDole

askedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek."Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmust

youcorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,

however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul

searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin

1990.It'saselfexaminationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesof

responsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthe

lateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraise

thestockpriceandreducethecompany'smountainousdebt,whichwillincrease

to17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloff

someofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaiting

impatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistently

defendedthecompany'srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,when

TimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIceT'sviolentrapsongCopKiller,

Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesan

outlet."Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,“hewroteinaWallStreelJournal

column,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgives

freedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,however

disputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon，tretreatinthe

faceofanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthe

chairmanwasbackingoffhishardlinestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthe

discussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth，sstockholders，meeting,Levin

assertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety'sills”andevencitedhisson,

a

teacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.

Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle“betweencreativefreedom

andsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlauncha

drivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentially

objectionablemusic.

The15memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhis

corporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcerns

inthismatter."Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedoms

undertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,vsaysLuce."Ithinkitis

perhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonly

recentlycometorealizethis.”

SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor____.

A)itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B)itsselfexaminationofsoul

C)itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D)itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A)LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.

B)GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.

C)TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.

D)SteverRossisnolongeralive

Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman____.

A)stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B)softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy

C)changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjection

D)receivedmoresupportfromthe15memberboard

Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe.

A)ACompanyunderFire

B)ADebateonMoralDecline

C)ALawfulOutletofStreetCulture

D)AFormofCreativeFreedom

Passage5

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas“steeringthe

economytoasoftlanding,,or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikea

precisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetween

interestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbefore

policychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikens

theconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,a

crackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.

Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboast

aboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoa

mere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightly

to2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedoubledigitrateswhichmany

countriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.

Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicated.Inlate1994thepanelof

economistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica'sinflation

ratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,and

expectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapan

inflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheend

oflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflation

hasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.

Economistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresin

BritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatboth

economies,andespeciallyAmerica's,havelittleproductiveslack.America，s

capacityutilization,forexample,hishistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,

and

itsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbellowmostestimatesofthenatural

rateofunemployment—theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.

Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,

unfortunately,alittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerful

structuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthat

werebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.

Fromthepassagewelearnthat.

A)thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates

B)economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels

C)theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

D)economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A)Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar

B)Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation

C)Ahighunemploymentratewil1resultfrominflation

D)Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy

Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(Line5,Paragraph3)meansthat

A)thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime

B)theinflationratewillsoonrise

C)theinflationwilldisa