2022-2023學(xué)年山東省菏澤市高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高中英語(yǔ)名校試卷PAGEPAGE5山東省菏澤市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYou’veprobablytriedeasycenter-cityBeijingridesifyouenjoyriding.Nowit’stimetolevelupyourrides,sotheywilltakeyououtintothecountrysideandattractivemountains.DeathValleyApproximatedistance:100kmloop(環(huán)線(xiàn))Itmaysoundterrifying,butBeijing’scyclistsnamedthisnorthernroute“DeathValley”onaccountofthehugetombitpasses,notthenumberofon-roadaccidentsithaswitnessed.Inreality,it’stheclosest,mostlycar-freelooptothecitycenter.Tuesday/ThursdayTTTApproximatedistance:54kmloopThisTeamTimeTrialisverypopularamongtheBeijingcyclingcommunityasanearlymorningridebeforework.Whileit’snotparticularlyscenic,therearefewtrafficlights,andtheroadsarenottoobusyandhaveadequatebikelanesoneachside,makingitarelativelytrouble-freeride.Ifyou’dliketoridewithagroup,seekoutearlymorningBeijingridergroupsandjointhemonTuesdayorThursdaymorningsat5amor6amdependingontheseason.TheVerseApproximatedistance:120kmloopItpassesacafewithgood(althoughexpensive)foodandevenhigh-endaccommodation,butthebestpartistheirsuperwelcomingattitudetowardscyclists.It’sabitofhiketogettherebutwellworththeeffort,asyouarerewardedwithamazingviewsoftheGreatWalluponarrival,andaridebackthatismostlydownhill.TongzhouGrandCanalForestParkApproximatedistance:70kmloopThisparkistheclosestplaceforriderstoenjoytheGrandCanalinBeijing.TheTongzhouGrandCanalisatruewonderinChina,andoneofthegreatestcivilengineeringprojectsinhistory.TheoldestpartsofitdatebackhundredsofyearsBC.Itwillbeafunridehere.1.Whyisthenorthernroutenamed“DeathValley”?A.Ithasdeadlyloopsforcars.B.Itislocatedinadistantplace.C.Thereisalargetombontheroute.D.Manyaccidentshavehappenedalongtheroad.2.Whichofthefollowingcoverstheshortestdistance?A.DeathValley. B.Tuesday/ThursdayTTT.C.TheVerse D.TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark3.Whatdothelasttworouteshaveincommon?A.Theybothofferadownhillride. B.Theybothhaveadequatebikelanes.C.Theybothpassasecond-to-nonecafe. D.Theybothofferaviewofhistoricalsites.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是幾條可以帶你進(jìn)入鄉(xiāng)村和迷人山區(qū)的騎行路線(xiàn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeathValley部分的“Itmaysoundterrifying,butBeijing’scyclistsnamedthisnorthernroute“DeathValley”onaccountofthehugetombitpasses,notthenumberofon-roadaccidentsithaswitnessed.(這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能很可怕，但北京的騎行者將這條北線(xiàn)命名為“死亡谷”，是因?yàn)樗?jīng)過(guò)的巨大墳?zāi)梗皇撬慷玫慕煌ㄊ鹿蕯?shù)量。)”可知，之所以這樣命名是因?yàn)檫@條路線(xiàn)會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)巨大的墳?zāi)?。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeathValley部分中的“Approximatedistance:100kmloop(環(huán)線(xiàn))(大約距離：100公里環(huán)線(xiàn))”；Tuesday/ThursdayTTT部分中的“Approximatedistance:54kmloop(大約距離：54公里環(huán)線(xiàn))”；TheVerse部分中的“Approximatedistance:120kmloop(大約距離：120km環(huán)線(xiàn))”以及TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark部分中的“Approximatedistance:70kmloop(大約距離：70公里環(huán)路)”可知，路線(xiàn)最短的應(yīng)該是Tuesday/ThursdayTTT，其只有54公里環(huán)路。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheVerse部分中的“It’sabitofhiketogettherebutwellworththeeffort,asyouarerewardedwithamazingviewsoftheGreatWalluponarrival,andaridebackthatismostlydownhill.(到達(dá)那里需要一點(diǎn)徒步旅行，但非常值得付出努力，因?yàn)槟诘诌_(dá)時(shí)可以欣賞到長(zhǎng)城的壯麗景色，并且大部分是下坡的車(chē)程。)”可以見(jiàn)到長(zhǎng)城壯麗的景象，根據(jù)TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark部分中的“ThisparkistheclosestplaceforriderstoenjoytheGrandCanalinBeijing.TheTongzhouGrandCanalisatruewonderinChina,andoneofthegreatestcivilengineeringprojectsinhistory.(這個(gè)公園是北京騎手最接近游覽大運(yùn)河的地方。通州大運(yùn)河是中國(guó)真正的奇跡，也是歷史上最偉大的土木工程之一。)”可知，這條線(xiàn)路可以看到大運(yùn)河，由此可知，這兩條路線(xiàn)都可以看到歷史遺跡。故選D項(xiàng)。BWindpowerisapowerfultoolforreducingcarbonemissionsthatcauseclimatechange.Theturbines(渦輪機(jī)),however,canbeathreattobirds,whichiswhyexpertsarelookingforwaystopreventthedanger.AcompanyinBoulder,Coloradohasproducedacamera-and-AI-basedtechnologythatcanrecognizeeaglesandotherbirdsastheyapproachinenoughtimetoshutoffturbinesintheirflightpaths.Theirtool,calledIdentiFlight,candetect5.62timesmorebirdflightsthanhumanobserversalone,withanaccuracyrateof94percent.Usinghigh-precision(高精確度的)visualsensors,thesystemcalculatesabird’sspeedandflightpath,andifitisonacrashpathwithaturbine,asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown.WinninganawardforitsperformanceinAustralia,thetrackingsystemwassetupin2018andwasfoundtocuteagledeathsattheCattleHillWindFarmbymorethanfour-fifths.Eachdaysignalshaveshutdowntheirmovementsanaverageof400times—acrossthefieldof48turbines—for2to3minuteseachtime.Acrosstheglobe,DukeEnergyinWyomingisemployingthesametechnologywithimpressiveresultsatitsTopoftheWorldWindpowerProject,whichwasthefirstwindsitetousethetechnology.In2014,IdentiFlight’smaker,BoulderImaging,usedTopoftheWorldfortestingaftereagleswerekilledbytheturbines,whichleftDukeEnergyinviolation(違反)oftheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.47unitsmadeofeightwide-anglecamerasnowconstantlypasscrosstheskytomonitorall110turbines.BirdloverGarryGeorgeadmits,“Ourownscienceshowsthatclimatechangeisbyfarthebiggestthreattobirdsandtheplaceswildlifeneedtosurvive.IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”4.WhatcanIdentiFlightdo?A.Stoptheturbineswhenbirdsarespotted.B.Preventbirdsfromchoosingacrashpath.C.Identifypotentialthreatstowindturbines.D.Lettheturbinesmakefulluseofwindpower.5.Whatdoesthedatainparagraph3showaboutIdentiFlight?A.Itiswidelyused. B.Itreceivedawarmwelcome.C.Itisveryeffective. D.Ithasareallylongservicelife.6.WhydidDukeEnergyworkwithBoulderImagingin2014?A.Itbroketherelevantlawonbirdprotection.B.ItrespondedtothecallofBoulderImaging.C.Itintendedtoimproveitswide-anglecameras.D.ItfollowedintheCattleHillWindFarm’sfootsteps.7.WhatisGarryGeorge’sattitudetoIdentiFlight?A.Reserved. B.Approving.C.Uncertain. D.Unconcerned.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.A7.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種基于攝像頭和人工智能的技術(shù)，可以識(shí)別老鷹和其他鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，以減少風(fēng)力發(fā)電的渦輪機(jī)對(duì)它們?cè)斐傻耐{?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Usinghigh-precision(高精確度的)visualsensors,thesystemcalculatesabird’sspeedandflightpath,andifitisonacrashpathwithaturbine,asignalissenttoshutthatturbinedown.”（該系統(tǒng)使用高精度視覺(jué)傳感器，計(jì)算出鳥(niǎo)的速度和飛行路線(xiàn)，如果它與渦輪機(jī)處于碰撞路徑上，就會(huì)發(fā)送信號(hào)關(guān)閉渦輪機(jī)）可知，IdentiFlight能夠在發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥(niǎo)時(shí)，停止渦輪機(jī)的運(yùn)作。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WinninganawardforitsperformanceinAustralia,thetrackingsystemwassetupin2018andwasfoundtocuteagledeathsattheCattleHillWindFarmbymorethanfour-fifths.”（該跟蹤系統(tǒng)于2018年建立，在澳大利亞因其表現(xiàn)而獲獎(jiǎng)，并被發(fā)現(xiàn)將CattleHillWindFarm的鷹死亡人數(shù)減少了五分之四以上）和“Eachdaysignalshaveshutdowntheirmovementsanaverageof400times—acrossthefieldof48turbines—for2to3minuteseachtime.”（每天，信號(hào)在48臺(tái)渦輪機(jī)中平均關(guān)閉400次，每次關(guān)閉2到3分鐘）可知，通過(guò)這些具體的數(shù)據(jù)，人們可以看到IdentiFlight系統(tǒng)非常有效地減少了渦輪機(jī)對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的威脅和傷害。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“In2014,IdentiFlight’smaker,BoulderImaging,usedTopoftheWorldfortestingaftereagleswerekilledbytheturbines,whichleftDukeEnergyinviolation(違反)oftheMigratoryBirdTreatyAct.”（2014年，IdentiFlight的制造商BoulderImaging利用TopoftheWorld在老鷹被渦輪機(jī)殺死后進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，這使得DukeEnergy違反了《候鳥(niǎo)條約法案》）可知，DukeEnergy和BoulderImaging在2014年合作是因?yàn)镈ukeEnergy違反了《候鳥(niǎo)條約法案》。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段GarryGeorge所說(shuō)的話(huà)中“IdentiFlightwillmakeitpossibletofighttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandprotectthebirdsweloveintheprocess.”（IdentiFlight將使對(duì)抗氣候變化的最壞影響成為可能，并在此過(guò)程中保護(hù)我們喜愛(ài)的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)）可知，他對(duì)IdentiFlight是持支持態(tài)度的。故選B。CTheoceansustainsalllifeonourplanet.Itprovidesfoodtoeatandoxygentobreathe,whileplayingakeyroleinmakingourclimatelessextreme.Buttheoceanisbecomingconsiderablywarmer,affectingitsabilitytosustainlife.ThehightemperaturesseenaroundtheMediterraneanthisyearareindicativeofrisingglobaltemperatures.ResearchfoundtheseatemperaturesrecordedintheMediterraneanovertheperiod2015-2019werethehighestsincetherecordingbeganin1982.Muchoftheresearchonoceanheatwavesfindsthattheyaffectcertainhabitatsparticularlystrongly,includingcoralreefs,seagrassandseaweed.Oceanheatwaveswerefoundtoberesponsibleforthelossofupto80%ofthepopulationofsomeMediterraneanspeciesbetween2015and2019.Amassdeatheventisasingle,terribleincidentthatrapidlydestroyslargenumbersofaspecies.Overtwo-thirdsofthedeathsofoceancreaturesoccurringonthehardseafloorwereinthewaterswithadepthofonly0-25meters,whicharesubjecttoparticularlyintensewarmingandarehometosomeofthemostbiodiverseecosystemsintheMediterranean.Foundationspeciesarecriticalinstructuringanecosystem.Theyactasnurserygrounds,provideprotectionagainstenemies,andserveasafoodsource.Foundationspeciesarethekeytosustainingbiodiversity,andtheirlosswillhaveimpactsonotherspecies.Asfoundationspecies,thelossofcorals,seagrassandseaweedisparticularlyconcerning.Additionally,oceanheatwavesoftenresultindisplacement(被迫遷徙).EvidencesuggeststhattheexceptionaltemperaturesseenacrosstheMediterraneanthissummermaybedrivingextensivemassdisplacement.InGreece,scientistshaveobservedahugeincreaseofinvasive(入侵的)speciesfromwarmerwaters.Thisincludesthelionfishandsilver-cheekedtoadfish,bothofwhicharepoisonous,andcarrythepotentialtocauseconsiderableecologicaldamage.Withinsomebranchesofthescientificcommunity,therecentintensityandfrequencyofoceanheatwavessuggestswehavearrivedata“climateendgame”.Thisinvolvespreparationforthefullconsequencesofwidespreadoceanspeciesdeath,ifemissionsarenotcontrolled.ThelikelydamagingMediterraneanoceanheatwavesofthisyearwillonlyaddfueltosuchdiscussions.8.WhatcanweinferabouttheMediterranean?A.Itsworseningabilitytosustainlifeisstillbeingignored.B.Itshightemperaturesarecausingdamagetohumanlife.C.Itsoceanlifeisincreasinglythreatenedbyclimatechange.D.Itssurroundingsareworseningmuchfasterthanexpected.9.Wheredothedeathsofoceanlifetendtohappen?A.Onthehardseafloorofbroadwaters. B.Onthehardseafloorofdeepwaters.C.Onthehardseafloorofshallowwaters. D.Onthehardseafloorofcoldwaters.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthedisplacementofoceanlife?A.Itisdamagingtheoceanecosystem. B.Itisresponsibleforglobaltemperatures.C.Itiseasilyinfluencedbyclimatechange. D.Itisagoodwaytomaintaintheecology.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThecausesofoceanheatwavesaroundtheMediterranean.B.ThemainnaturalthreatstooceanlifeintheMediterranean.C.TheadviceondealingwithMediterraneanoceanheatwaves.D.TheimpactsofoceanheatwavesonlifeintheMediterranean.〖答案〗8.C9.C10.A11.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出海洋對(duì)地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)無(wú)比重要，但一項(xiàng)對(duì)地中海溫度的研究記錄顯示近年來(lái)海洋溫度顯著升高，這將會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生極大影響?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Oceanheatwaveswerefoundtoberesponsibleforthelossofupto80%ofthepopulationofsomeMediterraneanspeciesbetween2015and2019.(人們發(fā)現(xiàn)2015到2019年間海洋暖流導(dǎo)致了至多80%某些地中海物種數(shù)量的消失)”可知，氣候變化、海水變暖（氣候變化）給地中海生物種群造成了日益嚴(yán)重的威脅，與C選項(xiàng)描述相符。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Overtwo-thirdsofthedeathsofoceancreaturesoccurringonthehardseafloorwereinthewaterswithadepthofonly0-25meters,whicharesubjecttoparticularlyintensewarmingandarehometosomeofthemostbiodiverseecosystemsintheMediterranean.(發(fā)生在硬海底上超過(guò)三分之二的海洋生物死亡都僅位于0到25米的深度，這些區(qū)域受到海水顯著變暖的影響，而且是地中海最具生物多樣性的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所在之處)”可知，海洋生物死亡主要發(fā)生在硬海底上的淺水區(qū)域。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thisincludesthelionfishandsilver-cheekedtoadfish,bothofwhicharepoisonous,andcarrythepotentialtocauseconsiderableecologicaldamage.(這包括獅子魚(yú)和棕斑兔頭鲀，兩者都是有毒的，且有可能造成嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)破壞)”可知，海水變暖導(dǎo)致的物種遷徙可能會(huì)造成對(duì)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題?？傆[全文，文章在首段指出海洋對(duì)地球生態(tài)的重要性，并引入研究記錄表明地中海溫度顯著上升，然后從多方面闡述了海水變暖會(huì)造成的嚴(yán)重后果，D選項(xiàng)“地中海熱浪對(duì)生物的影響”符合文章主旨。故選D項(xiàng)。DArtistDavidBowiemayhavesung“IstherelifeonMars?”in1971butthedreamoffindingorplacinglivingcreaturesontheredplanetisstillalive.Oxygen,ofcourse,iscritical.Thankstoalargeleapinscientifictechnology,thereisnowamachinewhichcanproduceoxygenincertainenvironment,anditisagiantstepofMarsexploration.ScientistsarethrilledbecausetheMarsOxygenISRUExperiment(MOXIE)willhopefullymakeastronautssurviveonMars.NASA’SPerseveranceMarsRoverisamachineofmanywonders.Attachedtotheexploringrobotisaparticularlyinnovativedevice,MOXIE.Whenstarted,thedevicetakesseveralhourstowarmup.Itthenbeginsfiltering(過(guò)濾)andpressuringairpulledfromMars’atmosphere.Theairthenundergoesanhour-longbreakdownprocessinthepartofthemachineknownastheSolidOxideElectrolyzer(SOXE).Itbreaksairmolecules(分子)intocarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)andoxygen.Thecollectedoxygenis,ofcourse,thebreathableelementweareallfamiliarwithhereonEarth.MOXIEproduces0.2ouncesofoxygenperhour—aboutasmuchasasmalltreedoesthroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).TestingMOXIE’Sperformanceunderdifferentconditionsisacriticalresearch.“TheproductivityofMOXIEisunstable,”theinvestigatorJeffreyHoffman,fromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,saysinastatement.“TheatmosphereofMarsisfarmorechangeablethanEarth.ThedensityoftheaironMarscanvarybyafactorortwothroughtheyear,andthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees.Oneobjectiveistoshowwecanruninallseasons.”Theteamhastesteditinfall,winter,andvarioustimesofday.Theyhopetoconfirmitalsoworksinspring,aswellasatdawnandduskwhenMars’temperatureschangerapidly.DemonstrationsofMOXIE’SsuccessofferhopethatmissionstoMarswillbemorepracticablethanpreviouslythought.“TosupportahumanmissiontoMars,wehavetobringalotofstufffromEarth,likecomputersspacesuitsandhabitats.”Hoffmansays.“Butoxygen?Ifyoucanmakeitthere,goforityou’rewayaheadofthegame.”Scientistshopeascaled-upmodelcouldarrivebeforeastronautsandbeginpreparingahabitableamountofoxygenforateamofsixastronautsarrivingmonthslater.Thekeyishowtheearlier-arrivedMOXIEworkswithouthumans.12.Whyarescientistsexcited?A.MOXIEhelpsprepareforhumanMarsexploration.B.MOXIEhelpsconfirmtheexistenceoflifeonMars.C.MOXIEisexpectedtoturnMarsintoanotherEarth.D.MOXIEisthefirstdemonstrationoftechnologyonMars.13.WhatisthefunctionofSOXE?A.TogiveoffoxygenintoMars’atmosphere. B.Toremoveoxygenfromairmolecules.C.TofilterairfromMars’atmosphere. D.TowarmupMOXIE.14.WhatisJeffreyHoffman’sworryaboutMOXIE?A.Itsmethodoftransportation. B.Itsconsumptionofenergy.C.Itstestresult. D.ItsadaptationtoMars’atmosphere.15.WhatisthenextstepforMOXIE?A.HowtolandMOXIEonmars. B.HowtomakeMOXIEautomatic.C.HowtomatchequipmentwithMOXIE. D.HowtoincreasetheproductionofMOXIE.〖答案〗12.A13.B14.D15.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了由于科學(xué)技術(shù)的巨大飛躍，如今一種可以在特定環(huán)境中生產(chǎn)氧氣的機(jī)器MOXIE有望使宇航員在火星上生存?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ScientistsarethrilledbecausetheMarsOxygenISRUExperiment(MOXIE)willhopefullymakeastronautssurviveonMars.”（科學(xué)家們非常激動(dòng)，因?yàn)榛鹦茄鯕釯SRU實(shí)驗(yàn)（MOXIE）有望使宇航員在火星上生存。）可知，MOXIE有助于為人類(lèi)火星探測(cè)做準(zhǔn)備。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theairthenundergoesanhour-longbreakdownprocessinthepartofthemachineknownastheSolidOxideElectrolyzer(SOXE).Itbreaksairmolecules(分子)intocarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)andoxygen.”（然后，空氣在被稱(chēng)為固體氧化物電解槽（SOXE）的機(jī)器部件中經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)小時(shí)的分解過(guò)程。它破壞空氣分子轉(zhuǎn)化為一氧化碳和氧氣。）可知，SOXE的功能是去除空氣分子中的氧氣。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamhastesteditinfall,winter,andvarioustimesofday.Theyhopetoconfirmitalsoworksinspring,aswellasatdawnandduskwhenMars’temperatureschangerapidly.”（該團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)在秋季、冬季和一天中的不同時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。他們希望證實(shí)它在春季以及火星溫度快速變化的黎明和黃昏也能起作用。）可推知，杰弗里·霍夫曼擔(dān)心的是MOXIE對(duì)火星大氣的適應(yīng)性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thekeyishowtheearlier-arrivedMOXIEworkswithouthumans.”（關(guān)鍵是早期到達(dá)的MOXIE在沒(méi)有人類(lèi)的情況下是如何工作的。）可知，MOXIE的下一步是如何使它在沒(méi)有人的情況下自動(dòng)工作，推斷出科學(xué)家希望MOXIE可以達(dá)到自動(dòng)化。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Let’staketimetothinkaboutsocialmediaweuse.Thevastamountofinformationonithasitspositives.____16____Butthere’salwayscertaincontentonitthathastobeconsideredcarefully,suchaspostsaboutdietcultureorparenting.Awidevarietyofconflictingopinionsandharmfulbehaviorsthatgetpassedonasfactsdoharmtounknowingusers.____17____Theproblemwithmuchcontentaboutmentalillnessesisthatitquicklybecomesanumbersgametogainahugefollowingonsocialmediaplatforms.Thesekindsofaccountsarerisinginpopularity.____18____Thisratracedirectlyleadstothepromotionofunreliableandmisleadinginformationandcontentwherecreatorsexaggerate(夸大)theirownexperiencestomakeitappearasiftheyhaveamentalillnesssotheycanreceivemoreviews.____19____Moreover,thisstartsawaveofunsuspectingcontentviewersincorrectlylabelingthemselvesasfacingmentalhealthissues.____20____Oneistobettereducateoneselfbeforejumpingtoanyconclusionsortakinganyactionbasedonill-informedadvice.Inthatway,peoplecanreallyreflectonwhethertheydevelopthesesymptoms(癥狀)becausetheyseethemonline,orwhetherthesesymptomshavealwaysbeenpartoftheirdailylife.Informationfromprofessionalsshouldbeseenfirst.Together,smartlyconsumingmediaandresponsiblycreatingcontentcanpreventmisinformationfromspreadingthroughouttheplatform.A.Manypeopledisapproveofit.B.Possiblesolutionsaresuggested.C.Otherusersarequicktoproducesimilarcontent.D.Thesamepatternpresentsitselftomentalillnesses.E.Thosesymptomssoundlikethingsyouexperienceeveryday.F.Somepeoplecanfindencouragementwhenengagingintheirpersonalstruggles.G.Thistakesattentionawayfromthosewhogenuinelyspreadawarenessaboutmentalhealth.〖答案〗16.F17.D18.C19.G20.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了社交媒體上關(guān)于精神疾病的各種矛盾的觀點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)誤的行為被當(dāng)作事實(shí)廣泛傳播，夸大事實(shí)的賬戶(hù)受人追捧，提供真實(shí)信息的賬戶(hù)得不到關(guān)注，不知情的用戶(hù)受到了傷害，而解決這一問(wèn)題需要用戶(hù)更好地教育自己，不盲目下結(jié)論或采取行動(dòng)?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Thevastamountofinformationonithasitspositives.（它的大量信息有其積極的一面。）”和后文“Butthere’salwayscertaincontentonitthathastobeconsideredcarefully,suchaspostsaboutdietcultureorparenting.（但總有一些內(nèi)容需要仔細(xì)考慮，比如關(guān)于飲食文化或育兒的帖子。）”可知，本段在討論社交媒體的利弊，空處需要承接前文，說(shuō)明積極的一面，和后文形成語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折。F項(xiàng)“有些人可以在個(gè)人掙扎中找到鼓勵(lì)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選F?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Butthere’salwayscertaincontentonitthathastobeconsideredcarefully,suchaspostsaboutdietcultureorparenting.Awidevarietyofconflictingopinionsandharmfulbehaviorsthatgetpassedonasfactsdoharmtounknowingusers.（但總有一些內(nèi)容需要仔細(xì)考慮，比如關(guān)于飲食文化或育兒的帖子。各種各樣相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)和有害的行為被當(dāng)作事實(shí)傳播，對(duì)不知情的用戶(hù)造成了傷害。）”可知，本段后半部分主要討論社交媒體的弊端，針對(duì)飲食文化和育兒方面的信息傳播提出了質(zhì)疑，空處會(huì)進(jìn)一步延伸前文的內(nèi)容。D項(xiàng)“同樣的模式也出現(xiàn)在精神疾病上?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，其中的“Thesamepattern”概括了前文的“Awidevarietyofconflictingopinionsandharmfulbehaviorsthatgetpassedonasfacts”。故選D?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Theproblemwithmuchcontentaboutmentalillnessesisthatitquicklybecomesanumbersgametogainahugefollowingonsocialmediaplatforms.Thesekindsofaccountsarerisinginpopularity.（很多關(guān)于精神疾病的內(nèi)容的問(wèn)題在于，它很快就變成了一場(chǎng)數(shù)字游戲，目的是在社交媒體平臺(tái)上獲得大量粉絲。這類(lèi)賬戶(hù)越來(lái)越受歡迎。）”可知，本段討論精神疾病方面信息傳播很廣泛，空處會(huì)延伸說(shuō)明這種廣泛的特質(zhì)。C項(xiàng)“其他用戶(hù)很快就會(huì)產(chǎn)生類(lèi)似的內(nèi)容?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選C?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Thisratracedirectlyleadstothepromotionofunreliableandmisleadinginformationandcontentwherecreatorsexaggerate(夸大)theirownexperiencestomakeitappearasiftheyhaveamentalillnesssotheycanreceivemoreviews.（這種激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)直接導(dǎo)致了不可靠和誤導(dǎo)性的信息和內(nèi)容的推廣，創(chuàng)作者夸大自己的經(jīng)歷，使其看起來(lái)好像他們有精神疾病，這樣他們就可以獲得更多的觀看量。）”可知，本段在陳述這種不可靠的信息傳播的結(jié)果，夸大者會(huì)收獲更多的注意，空處可能會(huì)說(shuō)明如實(shí)傳播的人的情況。G項(xiàng)“這將注意力從那些真正傳播心理健康意識(shí)的人身上轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，其中的“genuinely”和前文的“exaggerate”相對(duì)。故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Oneistobettereducateoneselfbeforejumpingtoanyconclusionsortakinganyactionbasedonill-informedadvice.（一種是在根據(jù)不了解情況的建議做出任何結(jié)論或采取任何行動(dòng)之前，更好地教育自己。）”可知，本段提出了解決上述問(wèn)題的方法，空處需概括本段的內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)“可能的解決方案被提出。”符合語(yǔ)境，呼應(yīng)后文具體的解決方法。故選B。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whenmysoncamehomewithabackpackfilledwithcertificates(證書(shū))acknowledginghisgeniusinmath,English,history,science,andtherestofhiseighthgradeclasses,Iwas____21____,untilanotherparent,whosesonattendedthesameschool,toldme,“Allthekids____22____them.”Mysonisbright.However,Iknewhewasn’tgoodenoughto____23____certificatesfromeveryclassbecausehedidn’tworkveryhard.Isharedthat____24____withtheschool,andthey____25____ofmycomments.Theprincipalbelieveditwas____26____topraiseeverystudent.Hesaidkidsfearfailure—iftheygetpoorgrades,they’ll____27____learning.Idonotagreewith____28____studentswhohavenotworkedhardordonesomethingtosucceed.Studentsgenerallyknowwhentheyhavenotearnedanaward;____29____,therewardbecomesmeaningless.Ifwedonotbelieveachildcan______30______something,whichisthemessagethatissentwhenarewardnottruly______31______isgiven,thentheywillbelievethesame.______32______,noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit.Meanwhile,when______33______arelow,orevennonexistent,studentsarenotgiventheopportunitytolearnandgrow.Givingchildrenopportunitiestosucceed,with______34______ifnecessary,isoneofthegreatestgiftswecangiveourchildren.Forwhentheydosucceedbyworkinghard,wegivethema______35______senseofselfandthey’llrealizethey’remorecapablethantheythought.21.A.proud B.curious C.confused D.skeptical22.A.know B.like C.accept D.get23.A.issue B.receive C.seek D.require24.A.certificate B.lesson C.opinion D.finding25.A.disapproved B.talked C.knew D.complained26.A.harmful B.beneficial C.impossible D.difficult27.A.endup B.keepup C.speedup D.giveup28.A.helping B.reminding C.rewarding D.punishing29.A.therefore B.however C.instead D.otherwise30.A.discover B.tolerate C.complete D.overcome31.A.offered B.earned C.needed D.desired32.A.Onthecontrary B.Asaresult C.Bytheway D.Inotherwords33.A.risks B.pressures C.grades D.expectations34.A.support B.belief C.sympathy D.interest35.A.consistent B.negative C.positive D.realistic〖答案〗21.A22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述的是作者的兒子得到學(xué)校的很多獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)證書(shū)，但作者認(rèn)為這些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)的太容易，不利于孩子的成長(zhǎng)與發(fā)展。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我的兒子帶著滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)一書(shū)包的證書(shū)回家時(shí)，我感到很自豪，因?yàn)樗跀?shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、歷史、科學(xué)和其他八年級(jí)課程上都很有天賦，直到另一位兒子在同一所學(xué)校上學(xué)的家長(zhǎng)告訴我：“所有的孩子都有這些證書(shū)?！盇.proud驕傲的；B.curious好奇的；C.confused迷惑的；D.skeptical懷疑的。根據(jù)上文中的“Whenmysoncamehomewithabackpackfilledwithcertificates(證書(shū))acknowledginghisgeniusinmath,English,history,science,andtherestofhiseighthgradeclasses”可知，作者看到這些證書(shū)應(yīng)該是感到“自豪”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我的兒子帶著滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)一書(shū)包的證書(shū)回家時(shí)，我感到很自豪，因?yàn)樗跀?shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、歷史、科學(xué)和其他八年級(jí)課程上都很有天賦，直到另一位兒子在同一所學(xué)校上學(xué)的家長(zhǎng)告訴我：“所有的孩子都有這些證書(shū)?！盇.know知道；B.like喜歡；C.accept接受；D.get得到。根據(jù)下文中的“Hesaidkidsfearfailure—iftheygetpoorgrades,they’ll________learning.”可知，學(xué)校為了鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生，每個(gè)孩子都“得獎(jiǎng)”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我知道他不夠好，不能拿到每個(gè)等級(jí)的證書(shū)，因?yàn)樗皇呛芘?。A.issue發(fā)布；B.receive接收；得到；C.seek尋找；D.require要求。根據(jù)下文中的“becausehedidn’tworkveryhard”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己的兒子不努力，不“應(yīng)該”得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我把這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)告訴了學(xué)校，他們不同意我的觀點(diǎn)。A.certificate證書(shū)；B.lesson課程；C.opinion觀點(diǎn)；D.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“However,Iknewhewasn’tgoodenoughto________certificatesfromeveryclassbecausehedidn’tworkveryhard.”可知，作者把這一“觀點(diǎn)”告訴學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)告訴了學(xué)校，他們不同意我的觀點(diǎn)。A.disapproved不贊成；B.talked討論；C.knew知道；D.complained抱怨。根據(jù)下文中的“Hesaidkidsfearfailure—iftheygetpoorgrades,they’ll________learning.”可知，學(xué)校的觀點(diǎn)與作者不同，所以此處是“不贊成”作者的觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：校長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為表?yè)P(yáng)每一個(gè)學(xué)生是有益的。A.harmful有害的；B.beneficial有益的；C.impossible不可能的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)下文中的“topraiseeverystudent”和上文提到學(xué)校不贊成作者的觀點(diǎn)可知，校長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為多鼓勵(lì)和表?yè)P(yáng)對(duì)孩子是“有益的”。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他說(shuō)孩子們害怕失敗——如果他們的成績(jī)不好，他們就會(huì)放棄學(xué)習(xí)。A.endup結(jié)束；B.keepup維持；C.speedup加速；D.giveup放棄。根據(jù)上文中的“Hesaidkidsfearfailure”可知，孩子們害怕失敗，所以成績(jī)不好就會(huì)“放棄”學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不同意獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些沒(méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)或沒(méi)有為成功做過(guò)什么事情的學(xué)生。A.helping幫助；B.reminding提醒；C.rewarding獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.punishing懲罰。根據(jù)下文中的“therewardbecomesmeaningless.”可知，作者對(duì)于“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”沒(méi)有努力的孩子是不贊成的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)變得毫無(wú)意義。A.therefore因此；B.however然而；C.instead然而；D.otherwise否則。根據(jù)上文中的“Studentsgenerallyknowwhentheyhavenotearnedanaward”與下文中的“therewardbecomesmeaningless.”句意可知，兩者之間為因果關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們認(rèn)為一個(gè)孩子不能夠完成某件事，這是當(dāng)我們給予一個(gè)沒(méi)有真正獲得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)所傳遞的信息，那么他們也會(huì)相信同樣的事情。A.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.tolerate忍受；C.complete完成；D.overcome克服。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者認(rèn)為，一個(gè)孩子無(wú)法靠自己贏得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，而我們卻給他獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)，讓孩子只會(huì)認(rèn)為自己真的無(wú)法“完成”某件事。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們認(rèn)為一個(gè)孩子不能夠完成某件事，這是當(dāng)我們給予一個(gè)沒(méi)有真正獲得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)所傳遞的信息，那么他們也會(huì)相信同樣的事情。A.offered提供；B.earned掙得；C.needed需要；D.desired渴望。根據(jù)上文中的“Studentsgenerallyknowwhentheyhavenotearnedanaward”可知，此處指的是獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)沒(méi)有被真正地“贏得”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：因此，沒(méi)有驕傲或自尊從中獲得。A.Onthecontrary相反；B.Asaresult因此；C.Bytheway順便說(shuō)一下；D.Inotherwords換句話(huà)說(shuō)。根據(jù)下文中的“noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit.”與上文講述的內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)表示“因果”關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，當(dāng)期望很低，甚至不存在時(shí)，學(xué)生就沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)。A.risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；B.pressures壓力；C.grades成績(jī)；D.expectations期望。根據(jù)上文中的“noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，此處指的是孩子們的“期望”很低，或者沒(méi)有期望。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：給孩子成功的機(jī)會(huì)，必要時(shí)給予支持，是我們能給孩子最好的禮物之一。A.support支持；B.belief信念；C.sympathy同情；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)上文中的“Givingchildrenopportunitiestosucceed”以及下文中的“ifnecessary”可知，此處指的是給孩子成功的機(jī)會(huì)，必要的話(huà)，給孩子們“支持”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們通過(guò)努力獲得成功時(shí)，我們會(huì)給他們一種積極的自我意識(shí)，他們會(huì)意識(shí)到自己比他們想象的更有能力。A.consistent一致的；B.negative消極的；C.positive積極的；D.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的。根據(jù)上文中的“noprideorself-respectisgainedfromit”以及下文中的“andthey’llrealizethey’remorecapablethantheythought.”可知，此處指的是只有真正通過(guò)努力獲得成功，孩子們才能獲得“積極的”自我體驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LookingatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies____36____(be)perhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternart.TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Paintingshadreligious____37____(theme).Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcentury,____38____paintingsshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)Duringthisperiod,paintersbegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.____39____importantbreakthroughwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio.Some____40____(influence)paintersbuiltonGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehad